Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The C-fibre-evoked depressor reflex following i.a. injection of capsaicin and the wiping movements following chemical irritation of the cornea by capsaicin were both found to be augmented in the naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal phase. 2. The in vitro capsaicin-evoked release of substance P from central terminals of C-fibre afferents in the spinal cord was decreased in morphine-treated rats. Following naloxone, the release in the morphine-treated group was as large as in the control group. 3. The C-fibre mediated plasma extravasation in the rat paw after naloxone was found to be the same in morphine-treated and control rats. 4. It is concluded that C-fibre-evoked reflex reactions are augmented during morphine withdrawal, but that the mechanisms responsible are either located postsynaptically to the primary sensory neurone or further centrally.
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PMID:Primary sensory neurones and naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. 247 43

Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were immunohistochemically identified in axons innervating the cornea and the ureter of adult rats and pigeons. The two neuropeptides were similarly distributed in both species. Capsaicin pretreatment induced depletion of the immunoreactivity; this was quantitatively and qualitatively different in rats and pigeons. Topical application of capsaicin (1%) reduced the immunoreactivity in the cornea in both species by 50%. Systemic capsaicin treatment completely depleted both peptides from the corneal innervation of rats but reduced the peptide content only by 50% in the cornea of pigeons. In the ureter of rats, capsaicin pretreatment completely depleted the peptide immunoreactivity. In pigeons the peptide depletion was only complete in the outer longitudinal muscle layer. Whereas only a few immunoreactive fibres were observed in the circular muscle layer, about 50% of the peptide remained in the inner longitudinal muscle layer. The results demonstrate that peptidergic afferents in the cornea and ureter of pigeons are sensitive to capsaicin, although birds do not show nociceptive responses to local administration of the drug. The long-term depletion of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide by capsaicin is discussed with regard to the possibility that functionally capsaicin receptors may exist in the axon but not at nerve endings.
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PMID:Effects of capsaicin in rat and pigeon on peripheral nerves containing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. 247 91

Using immunohistochemical methods, calcitonin gene-related peptide localizes to peripheral nerve fibers of the human and rhesus monkey eye. Immunoreactive nerve fibers are found in the cornea, about limbal blood vessels and in the trabecular meshwork. Many immunoreactive iris nerve fibers are present, mostly within the stroma. A particularly dense network occurs just anterior to the iris sphincter muscle, but only a small number of immunoreactive nerve fibers are visualized within it. The ciliary muscle and ciliary processes also are innervated. Immunoreactive nerve fibers are associated with uveal blood vessels, most prominently in the choroid and ciliary body. Apposition of immunoreactive nerve fibers to uveal melanocytes is seen. In lower mammalian species, calcitonin gene-related peptide co-localizes with substance P in many ocular nerve fibers. The comparative distribution in human and monkey eyes of nerve fibers immunoreactive to these two peptides is discussed.
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PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive nerves in human and rhesus monkey eyes. 325 81

The distribution of substance P (SP) immunofluorescence was investigated in the Gasserian ganglion, ophthalmic nerve and in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye. About one third of the nerve cell bodies in the Gasserian ganglion exhibited SP immunofluorescence, which was also observed in some nerve fibres of the ophthalmic nerve. In the cornea, some SP-positive nerves were found in the stroma and few of them were also observed in the epithelium. The iris contained numerous nerve fibres with SP immunofluorescence. In the sphincter area such fibres were circular, while the orientation of the SP fibres was radial in the dilator muscle. Both in the iris and in the ciliar body, the largest vessels are surrounded by nerves exhibiting SP immunofluorescence. A few nerve fibres also appeared in the stroma of the ciliary processes.
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PMID:Immunoreactivity for substance P in the Gasserian ganglion, ophthalmic nerve and anterior segment of the rabbit eye. 616 95

1. Changes in the content of substance P (dorsal spinal cord, dorsal roots, dorsal root ganglia, saphenous nerve, skin) and functional changes (neurogenic plasma extravasation, chemosensitivity of the cornea) were measured in the rat from 10 min to 4 days after the s.c. injection of a single dose of 50 mg kg-1 capsaicin. 2. The substance P content in dorsal roots, saphenous nerve and hind paw skin progressively declined to about 60--70% of control 4 days after treatment, whereas that of the dorsal root ganglia rose, after an initial decline, to 140% after 1--4 days. 3. After denervation, impairment of neurogenic plasma extravasation could be observed not earlier than after one day, thus being comparable in time course to the depletion of substance P in the skin and saphenous nerve. 4. Neurogenic plasma extravasation and the chemosensitivity of the cornea were greatly diminished already 10 min after systemic capsaicin treatment, i.e. at a time when the substance P content of the peripheral nerve was still unchanged. These early effects of systemic capsaicin treatment are therefore caused by actions other than depletion of substance P.
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PMID:Time course of capsaicin-induced functional impairments in comparison with changes in neuronal substance P content. 616 76

The presence, distribution and origin of substance P immunoreactive axons in the rat iris and cornea were investigated in whole mount preparations. A dense network of substance P immunoreactive axons was found throughout the iris but not in the ciliary body. In the cornea, substance P immunoreactive axons were found in the substantia propria, in the subepithelial layer and in the corneal epithelium. Following electrocoagulation of the ophthalmic nerve, most of the substance P immunoreactive axons in the iris and cornea disappeared. No changes in the substance P immunoreactive axons occurred after removal of the superior cervical ganglion. It is concluded that the iris and the cornea are supplied by sensory nerves containing substance P immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Substance P immunoreactive sensory nerves supply the rat iris and cornea. 616 11

Localization of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity in the anterior eye segment of the squirrel was examined immunohistochemically. The present study demonstrates a dense network of SP-positive fibers in the ciliary body, particularly in the muscle layers, and several SP-positive fibers in the iris, in addition to scattered SP-positive fibers in the cornea. These facts strongly suggest that SP has an important role in the physiologic functions of the anterior eye segment.
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PMID:Localization of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the anterior eye segment of squirrels: an immunohistochemical analysis. 617 47

Substance P-immunoreactive nerve terminals were found in several locations in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye. In the iris they occurred in the sphincter muscle and were randomly distributed in the iris stroma with some fibres running close to the dilator muscle. In the ciliary body these immunoreactive elements were few and occurred within bundles of nerve fibres. while in the ciliary processes they were more numerous with a predominantly subepithelial location. Blood vessels in the anterior uvea were often surrounded by substance P-immunoreactive fibres. No substance P-fibres were found in the cornea, while the sclera contained very few such elements. Using conventional in vitro techniques it was found that the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris responded to electrical stimulation with a contraction that was resistant to cholinergic and adrenergic blockade, but was inhibited by the neuronal blocker tetrodotoxin. This indicates the existence of a non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic neuronal mediator of the contractile response. Exogenously applied substance P produced a long-lasting contraction of the spincter muscle, an observation compatible with the view that substance P is the noncholinergic, non-adrenergic neurotransmitter involved.
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PMID:Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye. Distribution and possible physiological significance. 617 36

This article deals with the neuropeptides found in the eye and their actions. Substance P (SP) and VIP have been found in the anterior chamber of the eye. Here SP is localized in the sensory nerves of the sclera, cornea, iris, ciliary body and ciliary processes. It is supposed to be a sensory transmitter but can also be liberated by peripheral nerve endings as a response to various trauma. When this happens in the eye, for instance, after irritation of the Vth cranial nerve, SP causes an intense and long lasting miosis and may have some further actions as well. VIP has been demonstrated in nerves (probably cholinergic) of the posterior choroid and ciliary body. It is a potent vasodilator and may regulate choroideal blood flow. The retina is especially rich in different neuropeptides. SP, VIP, neurotensin, enkephalin, somatostatin, glucagon and gonadotropin-releasing hormone have all been demonstrated in the inner plexiform layer of the retina of various animal species. Specific information about the physiological role of retinal neuropeptides is still scarce but research is in progress. Considering the clinical significance of the new information about ocular neuropeptides, SP seems to be the most important substance. Recently a synthetic SP antagonist was reported to block the inflammatory response in the rabbit eye, which suggests a clinical use for this type of compounds.
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PMID:Ocular neuropeptides. 617 9

The substance P content of the cornea of the adult mouse has been determined by radioimmunoassay. Sympathectomy did not reduce corneal substance P levels. However substance P levels were reduced by 42% following surgical denervation and by 80% following neonatal capsaicin treatment, suggesting that corneal substance P is contained in the peripheral terminals of small diameter sensory neurones. In some mice capsaicin treatment reduced corneal sensitivity; it also resulted in marked corneal vascularization. These effects could not be ascribed to the reduction in corneal substance P.
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PMID:Substance P in the mouse cornea: effects of chemical and surgical denervation. 617 17


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