Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Axonal tracing techniques were used in combination with immunohistochemistry to examine the distribution of neuropeptides in afferent pathways from the uterine cervix of the cat. Primary afferent neurons innervating the uterine cervix were identified by axonal transport of the dye, fast blue, injected into the cervix. Fifteen to twenty-five days after the injection, dorsal root ganglia (L1-S3) were removed and incubated for 48-72 h in culture medium containing colchicine to increase the levels of peptides. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), cholecystokinin (CCK), leucine-enkephalin (LENK), somatostatin, substance P and vasoactive intenstinal polypeptide (VIP) were identified by use of indirect immunohistochemical techniques. Eighty-four percent of uterine cervix afferent neurons were identified in the sacral dorsal root ganglia (S1-S3), and 16% in the middle lumbar dorsal root ganglia (L3-L4). In sacral dorsal root ganglia, VIP was present in the highest percentage of dye-labeled cells (71%), CGRP in 42%, and substance P in 18% of the cells. CCK and LENK were present in 13% of the cells. In lumbar dorsal root ganglia, CGRP (51%) was most prominent peptide followed by VIP (34%), substance P (28%), LENK (17%) and CCK (13%). Somatostatin was present in the ganglia but did not occur in dye-labeled neurons. In conclusion, the uterine cervix of the cat receives a prominent VIP- and CGRP-containing afferent innervation. The percentage of neurons containing VIP is three to five times higher than the percentage of these neurons in afferent pathways to other pelvic organs. These observations coupled with the results of physiological studies suggest that VIP is an important transmitter in afferent pathways from the cervix.
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PMID:A large proportion of afferent neurons innervating the uterine cervix of the cat contain VIP and other neuropeptides. 172 Oct 5

Location, distribution and density of nerve fibers immunoreactive to neuropeptide tyrosine, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P were studied in the reproductive tract of the female rat and compared with acetylcholinesterase-positive ("cholinergic") and noradrenergic nerves. Plexuses of all types of fibers were present in the vagina, uterine cervix, uterine horn and oviduct. In the tubular reproductive organs all of these types of nerve fibers appeared to innervate vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle and nearly all types of fibers formed plexuses subjacent to the epithelium lining the organs. Individual fibers of all classes appeared to innervate fascicles of smooth muscle in the mesometrium of the uterine horn. A few acetylcholinesterase-positive and substance P-immunoreactive fibers were present in the ovary but no vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerves were observed. Noradrenergic and neuropeptide tyrosine-immunoreactive nerves were numerous in the ovary where they were seen in the interstitial gland tissue and associated with follicles and blood vessels. It is suggested that these nerves may influence hemodynamic events and non-vascular smooth muscle in such functions as transport of sperm and ova and parturition. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers are likely to be sensory fibers that could have roles in neurohormonal reflexes.
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PMID:Comparative distribution of neuropeptide tyrosine-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-immunoreactive, acetylcholinesterase-positive and noradrenergic nerves in the reproductive tract of the female rat. 241 49

The presence and distribution of galanin-immunoreactivity was examined in the uterine cervix and paracervical autonomic ganglia of the female rat. Some animals were treated with capsaicin to determine if galanin-immunoreactivity was present in small-diameter primary afferent nerves. Other animals were treated with the noradrenergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine to ascertain if galanin-immunoreactivity was present in sympathetic noradrenergic nerves. Galanin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were sparse in the cervical myometrium and vasculature, but numerous in the paracervical ganglion where they appeared to innervate principal neurons. Immunoreactivity was also present in dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horn of spinal cord, and inferior mesenteric ganglia. Capsaicin treatment resulted in a marked reduction of galanin-immunoreactivity in the spinal cord dorsal horn, but not in the dorsal root ganglia, paracervical ganglia, or cervix (although there was a substantial reduction of substance P-, neurokinin A-, and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn. dorsal root ganglia, and uterine cervix). 6-Hydroxydopamine treatment did not cause any appreciable change in the galanin-immunoreactivity in any tissues. We conclude that galanin-like immunoreactivity is expressed in nerve fibers innervating the paracervical ganglia and uterine cervix of the female rat. This immunoreactivity is probably present in afferent nerves and could play a role in neuroendocrine reflexes and in reproductive function.
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PMID:Galanin-immunoreactive nerves in the female rat paracervical ganglion and uterine cervix: distribution and reaction to capsaicin. 247 36

Nerves immunoreactive for the peptides substance P, neurokinin A, calcitonin gene-related peptide or cholecystokinin-octapeptide innervate the uterine cervix in the rat. Nerve terminals are associated with the myometrial and vascular smooth muscle and are distributed throughout the endocervix. These nerves degenerate following neonatal capsaicin treatment indicating that they are small-diameter, unmyelinated, C-type primary afferent nerves. Adult female rats, treated with capsaicin as neonates, exhibit decreased fertility following mating and diminished sensitivity to the induction of pseudopregnancy following copulomimetic electrical stimulation of the cervix. The results also demonstrate that hypothalamo-adenohypophyseal-ovarian interactions, corpus luteum progesterone secretion and uterine sensitivity to progesterone are normal in capsaicin-treated rats. Taken together, these data suggest that the reproductive dysfunction observed in capsaicin-treated rats is due to destruction of the afferent limb of the neuroendocrine copulatory response that facilitates the luteal progesterone secretion necessary to support pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. Thus, it is concluded that the afferent limb of this neuroendocrine response in the rat consists primarily of unmyelinated, peptide-containing, C-type primary afferent nerves.
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PMID:Effects of capsaicin on reproductive function in the female rat: role of peptide-containing primary afferent nerves innervating the uterine cervix in the neuroendocrine copulatory response. 318 Jan 84

The localization and effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the human uterus and fallopian tube were investigated. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the muscular layers, around blood vessels and close to the epithelium. The oviduct and uterine cervix were more densely innervated than the corpus of the uterus. Substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity was found in nerves with an overlapping distribution to that of CGRP-positive fibers. CGRP (2 X 10(-10) to 10(-7) M) dose-dependently and reversibly inhibited spontaneous contractions of uterine and oviductal strips, as well as SP-induced contractions in the oviduct. A role for CGRP-containing nerve fibers in regulation of motor activity in human female reproductive organs is suggested.
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PMID:Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits spontaneous contractions in human uterus and fallopian tube. 391 Nov 19

The occurrence and distribution of the neurohormone substance P in the urogenital tract suggest a role for substance P in regulation of blood flow, smooth-muscle activity, and sensation. The distribution and pharmacologic effects of substance P in the brain suggest an involvement of substance P in regulating the release of gonadotropins and prolactin from the pituitary and in the gonadal-hypothalamic feedback. As substance P is also present in endocrine-like cells of the diffuse endocrine system in the urogenital tract, it may serve as a tumor marker for carcinoid and related tumors, particularly in the ovary and the uterine cervix. This review is limited to the distribution and effects of substance P in the female genital tract and its relevance in female reproduction.
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PMID:Substance P in obstetrics and gynecology. 618 82

Nine cases of endocrine carcinoma, intermediate-cell type of the uterine cervix, were found in a study of 404 cases listed in the files of the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston as adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Based on light microscopic patterns, these cases were divided into pure endocrine carcinoma (six cases), and endocrine carcinoma mixed with adenocarcinoma (three cases). All tumors were 3 cm or larger in at least one dimension. On light microscopic examination, the predominant pattern was trabecular; however, insular, glandular, and spindle patterns were also identified. Argyrophilic granules were demonstrated in all cases by Grimelius stain, and Fontana-Masson (argentaffin) stain was negative. Electron microscopic examination of three cases showed membrane-bound, dense-core granules of the neurosecretory type. Although no endocrine symptoms were found, immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated 5-hydroxytryptamine in seven cases, substance P in three, vasointestinal polypeptide in two, pancreatic polypeptide in one, and somatostatin in one. Clinical behavior of these tumors was extremely aggressive. Although five cases were Stage IB at presentation, two Stage IIB, one Stage IIIB, and one Stage IV, 87.5% of these patients died of their neoplasms within 3 years. This study emphasizes the importance of correctly diagnosing endocrine carcinoma, intermediate-cell type in the uterine cervix, because of the poor prognosis of this tumor when compared with adenocarcinoma of the cervix.
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PMID:Endocrine carcinoma intermediate cell type of the uterine cervix. 638 96

The plasticity of the sympathetic and sensory innervation of the rat uterus was examined, before and after puberty, in controls and in animals where primary sensory nerves had been destroyed by neonatal capsaicin treatment. Immunohistochemical and histochemical methods were used in association with nerve density measurements and biochemical assays. The main findings were as follows: (1) Puberty was associated with a marked increase in the weight of the uterine horn, uterine cervix and parametrial tissue. This was unaffected by capsaicin treatment. (2) The sympathetic innervation of the uterine horn and parametrial tissue was reduced following puberty as revealed by a decrease in the density of noradrenaline-containing nerves and a marked decrease in the tissue concentration of noradrenaline. Sympathetic nerves supplying the uterine cervix and the blood vessels of the uterus appeared to be unaffected by puberty. (3) In contrast, the sensory supply of the uterus by substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves increased in parallel with uterine growth during puberty resulting in no change in nerve density and only a slight reduction in peptide concentration. (4) Neonatal capsaicin treatment caused a long-lasting depletion of substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves. In the uterine horn and parametrial tissue, capsaicin-resistant calcitonin gene-related peptide, but not substance P, still increased with tissue weight during puberty, indeed, in the uterine horn, the relative increase was greater than in controls. (5) Sensory denervation resulted in an increase in the non-vascular sympathetic supply of the uterus, although there was a regional variation in the time course of the response. Perivascular sympathetic nerves were unaffected by capsaicin treatment. The pattern of change in non-vascular noradrenaline-containing nerves associated with puberty was similar in nature to controls. Thus, there is considerable plasticity in the innervation of the uterus both during puberty and following sensory denervation. A complex pattern of change occurs with differential responses in vascular and nonvascular nerves and in different regions of the uterus. Such differences may be due in part to the different origins of individual nerve populations and/or to their relative sensitivities to sex hormones.
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PMID:Maturational changes in sympathetic and sensory innervation of the rat uterus: effects of neonatal capsaicin treatment. 752 71

The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide and bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide was studied immunohistochemically in nerve fibres supplying the vagina and uterine cervix of sexually immature pigs. Nerves containing neuropeptide Y- and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immunoreactivity were particularly numerous in the uterine cervix and vagina. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves were less numerous, whereas the bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide- and substance P-immunoreactive nerves were scarce in these organs. Generally, the immunoreactive fibres, nerve networks or bundles were distributed under the serous membrane, among smooth muscle of muscular membranes, in the submucosal layer and under the luminar epithelium of the uterine cervix and vagina.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of neuropeptides in nerve fibers of the porcine vagina and uterine cervix. 753 Nov 65

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized in neurons and is a potent relaxor of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle. The uterus contains abundant NO-synthesizing nerves which could be autonomic and/or sensory. This study was undertaken to determine: 1) the source(s) of NO-synthesizing nerves in the rat uterus and 2) what other neuropeptides or transmitter markers might coexist with NO in these nerves. Retrograde axonal tracing, utilizing Fluorogold injected into the uterine cervix, was employed for identifying sources of uterine-projecting neurons. NO-synthesizing nerves were visualized by staining for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced)-diaphorase (NADPH-d) and immunostaining with an antibody against neuronal/type I NO synthase (NOS). NADPH-d-positive perikarya and terminal fibers were NOS-immunoreactive (-I). Some NOS-I/NADPH-d-positive nerves in the uterus are parasympathetic and originate from neurons in the pelvic paracervical ganglia (PG) and some are sensory and originate from neurons in thoracic, lumbar, and sacral dorsal root ganglia. No evidence for NOS-I/NADPH-d-positive sympathetic nerves in the uterus was obtained. Furthermore, double immunostaining revealed that in parasympathetic neurons, NOS-I/NADPH-d-reactivity coexists with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, and acetylcholinesterase and in sensory nerves, NOS-I/NADPH-d-reactivity coexists with calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-I neurons of the PG do not contain NOS-I/NADPH-d-reactivity, but some TH-I neurons are apposed by NOS-I varicosities. These results suggest NO-synthesizing nerves in the uterus are autonomic and sensory, and could play significant roles, possibly in conjunction with other putative transmitter agents, in the control of uterine myometrium and vasculature.
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PMID:Nitric oxide nerves in the uterus are parasympathetic, sensory, and contain neuropeptides. 753 54


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