Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear are rare, with only three previously reported cases. The authors report the light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features of two carcinoid tumors that occurred in a 34-year-old female and a 21-year-old male. Both presented with unilateral hearing loss. By light microscopic examination, both were characterized by trabecula of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei and no mitotic activity. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated large numbers of pleomorphic neurosecretory granules, perinuclear aggregates of intermediate filaments, cell junctions, and surface microvillous processes. Some cells contained intermediate filaments forming tonofilaments and lacked secretory granules. These cells stained for cytokeratin by immunoperoxidase and separated the neuroendocrine cells from the underlying basal lamina. The cells in this tumor stained for the molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide. Cells in both tumors also stained for pancreatic polypeptide. Neither case stained for lysozyme, insulin, glucagon, somatastatin, gastrin, substance P, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, neurotensin, Bombesin, serotonin, neuron-specific enolose, glial and neural filaments, S-100 protein, cholecystokinin, beta-endorphin, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, prolactin or calcitonin. Carcinoid tumor of the middle ear can be distinguished from paraganglioma and middle ear adenoma.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the middle ear. 357 33

Five carcinoid tumors of the thymus were screened immunohistochemically for the occurrence of neuropeptides (ACTH, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, cholecystokinin, gastrin, neurotensin, somatostatin, substance P), as well as of serotonin, chromogranin A, and neuron-specific enolase. Most of the patients exhibited local symptoms evoked by growing tumor masses in the upper mediastinum without any clinical evidence of endocrine activity. Light and electron microscopic examination showed characteristic uniform large epithelial cells in polar or palisade arrangement, containing variable amounts of electron-dense secretory granules. Only a few of the tested neuropeptide antisera reacted with the investigated tumors. Cholecystokinin-immunoreactive cell populations were seen in all tumors. Expression of neurotensin could be observed in three neoplasms, two of which also exhibited ACTH immunoreactivity. Chromogranin A-immunoreactive cells were found in two neoplasms. Neuron-specific enolase showed strong staining in three tumors, one of the tumors also being immunoreactive for calcitonin. The results were confirmed by control reactions. Apart from the demonstration that conventional marker proteins are not reliable in identifying all carcinoid tumors, the present study proves that the visualization of neuropeptide-immunoreactive cells in thymus carcinoids does not necessarily correspond to the manifestation of the clinical symptoms. Furthermore, each of the investigated neoplasms, as also known from other carcinoid tumors, appears to be able to produce more than one hormone.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumors of the thymus. An immunohistochemical study. 366 30

The nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding the human substance P precursor, beta-preprotachykinin (beta-PPT), has been determined. The source of mRNA was a human laryngeal carcinoid tumour that contained a high concentration of immunoreactive substance P. The human beta-PPT polypeptide is 129 amino acids long and contains regions encoding substance P and neurokinin A, each flanked by basic amino acid residues. Residues 72-107 of the human beta-PPT polypeptide encode the sequence of neuropeptide K, an N-terminally extended form of neurokinin A recently isolated from porcine brain.
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PMID:cDNA sequence of human beta-preprotachykinin, the common precursor to substance P and neurokinin A. 377 Feb 10

Sixteen patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors of ileal or cecal origin were studied in order to evaluate the frequency and degree of cardiac involvement in a nonselected patient group. We have also studied the correlation between plasma hormone levels (e.g., 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and substance P) and the degree of cardiac involvement. The patients underwent physical examinations, electrocardiograms, chest x-rays, cardiac catheterization, and echocardiography. Plasma levels of 5-HT and substance P were analyzed. Carcinoid heart involvement was found in 3 of 16 patients (19%) but no patient had subjective symptoms associated with heart disease. Four patients (25%) had slight pulmonary hypertension. No left-sided heart lesions were seen. No correlation between blood levels of 5-HT or substance P and heart involvement was found. Eight patients died during the follow-up period, but in none of these was the cause of death cardiac failure. Carcinoid heart disease is not as common in our patients as in patients selected on a cardiological basis described in earlier studies. Echocardiography appears to be the most efficient technique for detection of even subclinical heart involvement and a useful tool for following its progress.
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PMID:Heart involvement in metastatic carcinoid disease. 394 30

Radioimmunoassays based on antisera raised against the tachykinins eledoisin (antiserum E7) and kassinin (antiserum K12) were used to measure the concentration of tachykinin-like immunoreactivity (TKLI) in plasma from 52 healthy subjects. 65 patients with carcinoid tumors (of which 46 had symptoms of both flushing and diarrhoea), and 6 patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors. The antisera did not crossreact with substance P (SP). Elevated concentrations of TKLI, as compared with healthy subjects, were found in 75% of the carcinoid patients, but in none of the patients with pancreatic tumors. Tumor metastases from 8 of the carcinoid patients all contained TKLI. Ion-exchange chromatography of plasma samples and tumor tissue extracts indicated the presence of several immunoreactive molecular forms. The elution patterns of the immunoreactivity detected by antisera E7 and K12 were similar, indicating that the same molecular species are measured by these antisera. None of the components coeluted with synthetic SP. One of the immunoreactive components in carcinoid tumor extracts coeluted with synthetic NKA. The major immunoreactive components in plasma from the patients eluted in a position different from that of all currently known mammalian tachykinins. Tachykinin immunoreactive material detected in tumor tissue and plasma of patients with carcinoid tumor may play a role in the symptomatology of the carcinoid syndrome.
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PMID:Antisera raised against eledoisin and kassinin detect elevated levels of immunoreactive material in plasma and tumor tissues from patients with carcinoid tumors. 608 59

A high content of substance P (124 ng/g wet tissue) was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay in lymph node metastases in a patient with bilateral ovarian carcinoid tumours. The plasma substance P level was elevated but urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was low. It is suggested that, in some carcinoid patients, an elevated plasma substance P level may help diagnosis and follow-up when urinary 5-HIAA is normal.
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PMID:Substance P in ovarian carcinoid. 615 65

An argentaffin carcinoid tumour of the caecum which contained serotonin (167 micrograms/g) and consisted predominantly of EC1-cells, was analysed for the presence of peptides using immunohistochemical, biochemical and pharmacological methods. A very high content of 3.9 micrograms/g of immunoreactive substance P was found. The distribution of cells staining positively for substance P matched that of cells containing serotonin. While some immunoreactive somatostatin (3.2 ng/g) was present in the tumour, neurotensin, glucagon, gastrin, and motilin were not found. Part of the substance P immunoreactivity measured most likely represents authentic substance P: it behaved like substance P in two chromatographic systems and in two bioassays, and its activity on the guinea pig ileum was abolished by specific tachyphylaxis towards substance P.
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PMID:Substance P in the argentaffin carcinoid of the caecum: biochemical and biological characterization. 616 90

Immunoreactive substance P (I-SP) was measured in two pheochromocytomas and a carcinoid of the caecum. The pheochromocytomas contained 1,5 and 50 pmol/g I-SP respectively. An HPLC analysis I-SP and catecholamines were enriched in the chromaffin granule fraction. The carcinoid contained 2900 pmol/g I-SP. About 40% of the immunoreactivity behaved like substance P on gel filtration, HPLC and in bioassays (fall in rabbit blood pressure and contraction of the guinea-pig ileum which was abolished by specific tachyphylaxis to substance P). These results indicate that authentic substance P is present in carcinoids and pheochromocytomas and that in the latter it is most likely stored in chromaffin granules.
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PMID:Substance P in tumors: pheochromocytoma and carcinoid. 617 94

A primary pure testicular carcinoid from a 48-year-old man was examined with antisera raised against various neurohormonal polypeptides. Histochemically, both argyrophil and argentaffin reactions were positive. The immunohistochemical finding of immunoreactive cells for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (serotonin), substance P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) demonstrated the multihormonal nature of this tumor.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of multiple neurohormonal polypeptides in a case of pure testicular carcinoid. 618 72

The occurrence and distribution of the neurohormone substance P in the urogenital tract suggest a role for substance P in regulation of blood flow, smooth-muscle activity, and sensation. The distribution and pharmacologic effects of substance P in the brain suggest an involvement of substance P in regulating the release of gonadotropins and prolactin from the pituitary and in the gonadal-hypothalamic feedback. As substance P is also present in endocrine-like cells of the diffuse endocrine system in the urogenital tract, it may serve as a tumor marker for carcinoid and related tumors, particularly in the ovary and the uterine cervix. This review is limited to the distribution and effects of substance P in the female genital tract and its relevance in female reproduction.
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PMID:Substance P in obstetrics and gynecology. 618 82


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