Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence is presented for the presence of an entire family of tachykinin-immunoreactive peptides in plasma and tumor tissues from patients with carcinoid tumors. The peptides include in addition to substance P and neurokinin A; neurokinin B, an eledoisin like peptide and neuropeptide K--a 36 amino acid long tachykinin which contains neurokinin A at its C-terminus. Neuropeptide K seems to be the tachykinin which is present in highest concentrations in plasma as well as in acetic acid extracts of tumor tissues. It is highly biologically active, and may therefore contribute to the clinical symptoms of carcinoid tumors.
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PMID:Neuropeptide K: a major tachykinin in plasma and tumor tissues from carcinoid patients. 241 57

Using an antiserum directed at the COOH-terminus of tachykinins, we have examined postmortem tissue from two cases of metastatic ileal carcinoid for the presence of tachykinin-like immunoreactivity. The vast majority of the immunoreactive tachykinin-like material eluted from a Sephadex G-50 column as two peaks at positions corresponding to molecular weights of 1300 and 850. The 1300 dalton peak was resolved by reverse-phase-HPLC into two components which by Edman sequencing, amino acid analysis, and fast atom bombardment (FAB)-mass spectrometry criteria, were identified as substance P and substance K. The 850 dalton peak was also resolved on RP-HPLC into two peaks which were resistant to Edman degradation but from amino acid analysis and FAB-mass spectrometry criteria were identified as pyro-Glu-substance P 5-11 and oxidized pyro-Glu-substance P 5-11. In control experiments substance P 5-11 was converted to pyro-Glu-substance P 5-11 during the extraction procedure. Both tumors also contained a minor immunoreactive peak which eluted from a Sephadex G-50 sizing column at a position corresponding to a molecular weight of 4000 which probably represents neuropeptide K. These results suggest that beta-preprotachykinin is preferentially expressed in carcinoid tumors and that substance K may also play a role in the carcinoid syndrome.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of substance P, substance P 5-11, and substance K from two metastatic ileal carcinoids. 241 86

The concomitant occurrence of neuropeptide-reactive endometrial carcinoma and ileal carcinoid tumor represents an observation that has been unreported until now. We have seen two patients with this rare combination of tumors. The endometrial carcinomas in these cases manifested focal immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase; in addition, one contained rare cells showing positive staining for gastrin, and the other displayed focal content of substance P. The carcinoid tumors seen in each case demonstrated immunocytochemical positivity for neuron-specific enolase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and one also exhibited immunoreactivity for gastrin. Whether this association of neoplasms represents a syndromic complex or a coincidence is a matter of speculation at present.
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PMID:Concomitant neuropeptide-producing endometrial carcinomas and ileal carcinoid tumors. 242 Jan 66

This study was initiated to determine if raised (carcinoid) plasma concentrations of substance P induced jejunal secretion of water and electrolytes. Five dogs had isolated and cannulated 25 cm jejunal segments perfused at 2 ml/min with a neutral, isotonic perfusate. Saline, 1.0 ml, was infused intravenously during basal and recovery periods, while substance P was administered intravenously at 75 ng/kg/min (55 pmol/kg/min) during the four 15 minute experimental periods. Infusion increased plasma SP concentrations from basal (5.8 +/- 1.3 pg/ml) to a mean plateau level of 121.2 +/- 25.2 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM). During SP infusion, intestinal secretion of water, Na+, and Cl- were documented (H2O basal +102 +/- 60 to SP -275 +/- 60; microliter/min; Na+ basal +19.8 +/- 7.2 to SP -23.2 +/- 7.5 microEq/min; Cl- basal 21.7 +/- 7.5 to SP -16.5 +/- 5.6 microEq/min). Under basal conditions, there was minimal secretion of potassium (-0.264 +/- 0.282 microEq/min); during SP infusion, K+ flux was altered to significant secretion (-1.784 +/- 0.271 microEq/min). Serum concentrations of Na and Cl were unchanged during SP infusion, but serum potassium concentrations fell from 4.64 +/- 0.12 to 3.85 +/- 0.40 mEq/l. The data demonstrate that substance P at levels noted in the carcinoid syndrome induces significant jejunal secretion of water and electrolytes in the dog.
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PMID:Substance P-induced intestinal secretion of water and electrolytes. 242 93

A case of midgut carcinoid with breast metastasis is reported. Hepatic metastases stored large amounts of serotonin as demonstrated by the Falck-Hillarp technique. Immunocytochemically serotonin and substance P, which may co-exist in gut enterochromaffin cells, were demonstrated in separate populations of tumor cells both in the hepatic and mammary neoplasms.
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PMID:A case of midgut carcinoid with breast metastasis and cellular localization of serotonin and substance P. 242 88

The plasma concentrations of various tachykinins were measured before and during flushing episodes in 16 patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors. The flushing attacks were induced by iv injection of pentagastrin or ingestion of food or alcohol. Tachykinins, such as neurokinin A (NKA) and neuropeptide K (NPK), increased 2-fold during flushing episodes in 12 patients, and the plasma concentrations of substance P increased to a varying extent in 3 patients. Chromatographic analysis of plasma samples taken before and during flushing episodes in 2 patients indicated the presence of individual spectra of tachykinins. In addition, the plasma concentration of tachykinin [TKLI(K12)], using an assay that detects NKA, NPK, kassinin, eledoisin, and NKB, but not substance P and physalaemin, and the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in 20 patients with midgut carcinoid tumors before and during treatment with human leucocyte interferon. The overall changes in the 2 tumor markers were concordant in 18 of the 20 patients. Thus, the Spearman correlation coefficient between the percent changes in urinary 5-hydroxyindole acid excretion and plasma TKLI(K12) was 0.54 (P less than 0.001). The patients who had a decrease in the tumor markers also had a decrease in flushing episodes and diarrhea. Plasma TKLI(K12) is a convenient tumor marker for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with carcinoid tumors of midgut origin. The combined use of both tumor markers strengthens the diagnosis and may improve the evaluation of response during treatment.
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PMID:Tachykinins in carcinoid tumors: their use as a tumor marker and possible role in the carcinoid flush. 242 99

The plasma concentrations of neuropeptides (neurotensin, substance P, motilin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastrin-releasing peptide), the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and serotonin, and the platelet concentration of serotonin were compared in 133 patients who could be assigned to one of four groups. These groups were as follows: carcinoid tumors present; history of carcinoid tumors; miscellaneous tumors present; and non-tumor diseases. The test with the most sensitivity (i.e., patients with carcinoid tumors labeled positive) and the test with the most specificity (i.e., patients without carcinoid tumors labeled negative) for the presence of carcinoid tumors was determined. Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion had a sensitivity of 73 percent and a specificity of 100 percent; the plasma concentration of substance P had a sensitivity of 32 percent and a specificity of 85 percent; and the plasma concentration of neurotensin had a sensitivity of 41 percent and a specificity of 60 percent. Even when basal plasma concentrations of substance P and neurotensin were elevated, there was no additional increase of these neuropeptides prior to ethanol-induced facial flushing. Although measurements of plasma neuropeptide levels may be helpful in occasional patients with carcinoid tumors, it is concluded that measurements of serotonin overproduction--such as 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion--are of more general value.
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PMID:Role of neuropeptides and serotonin in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors. 243 80

Nine patients with pancreatic apudomas (seven gastrinomas, one glucagonoma, one tumor secreting a substance P-like component) and nine with metastasized carcinoid tumors were treated with a somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995), administered subcutaneously twice daily for 3 days. Treatment was pursued for 2 to 12 months in nine patients in whom SMS was clinically and/or biologically beneficial. In gastrinomas, SMS decreased plasma gastrin in all but one patient, inhibited the residual gastric acid secretion under H2-blockers and improved diarrhea; in the glucagonoma patient, glucagonemia decreased and skin lesions disappeared. In carcinoid syndrome, clinical efficacy was partial and inconstant; daily 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) output was slightly decreased. Plasma substance P levels decreased in six patients with initially high concentrations. No antitumoral activity or side effects have been so far evidenced. SMS 201-995 is a useful, well-tolerated agent in secreting pancreatic apudomas and to a lesser extent in carcinoid syndrome, where high-dosage regimens may be required.
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PMID:Clinical and hormonal effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue in pancreatic endocrine tumors and in carcinoid syndrome. 243 3

In a prospective study of 103 patients with carcinoid tumors consecutively referred for medical treatment, the most common sites of the primary tumors were the ileum (73%), bronchi (7%), and jejunum (4%). All patients had local metastases, and 96 (93%) also had liver metastases. The most common initial symptoms were diarrhea (32%), ileus (25%), and flush (23%). The overall frequency of diarrhea was 84% and of flush was 75%. Heart insufficiency caused by cardiac valve disease was seen in 33% of the patients. The carcinoid syndrome, including flush, diarrhea, and elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations, was manifested by 69 patients (67%), 64 of whom (93%) had carcinoid tumors of mid-gut origin. Elevated urinary 5-HIAA was found in 91 patients (88%), of which 89 displayed liver metastases. The plasma concentration of the tachykinin neuropeptide K (NPK) was elevated in 67 patients (66%), 63 of whom had tumors of the mid-gut region. Serum pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin alpha levels were elevated in 43% and 28% of the patients, respectively, and the highest levels were found in patients with metastatic bronchial carcinoid tumors. Thirty-nine of the 103 patients are now dead; 18 died of tumor progression, whereas 14 patients died of heart failure secondary to a carcinoid tricuspidal valve insufficiency. The estimated median survival from the time of histologic diagnosis was 14 years, and from the time of carcinoid syndrome was 8 years.
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PMID:Malignant carcinoid tumors. An analysis of 103 patients with regard to tumor localization, hormone production, and survival. 244 Mar 90

Motilin, normally present in a specific cell type in the upper small intestine, is believed to have a physiologic role in initiating the interdigestive migrating motor complex. Motilin may play a pathophysiologic role in the diarrhea in the irritable bowel syndrome, the dumping syndrome, chronic liver disease, and chronic renal failure. Furthermore, increased frequency of bowel movements is an important symptom in patients with the carcinoid syndrome. We have studied 73 patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors with regard to stool frequency and plasma concentration of motilin and neuropeptide K (NPK) and diurnal urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Thirty-eight (52%) of the 73 patients had elevated (greater than 126 pmol/l) plasma concentrations of motilin, whereas 59 (81%) of the patients had diarrhea. The increased frequency of bowel motions correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with the plasma concentrations of motilin, whereas no significant correlation with 5-HIAA and NPK was found. High-performance liquid chromatography of plasma extracts showed a single component eluting in the position of synthetic porcine motilin. However, extracts from five carcinoid tumors did not contain any significant levels of motilin. Carcinoid tumors are known to contain and secrete several biologically active substances such as serotonin, histamine, prostaglandins, and tachykinins, which are likely to cause disturbances of intestinal secretion and motility, which in turn might release motilin from the motilin-containing cells of the small intestine. The increased motilin levels might then participate in a vicious diarrhea circle together with the other agents.
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PMID:Motilin in plasma and tumor tissues from patients with the carcinoid syndrome. Possible involvement in the increased frequency of bowel movements. 244 32


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