Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) among the Chamorros in Guam is remarkably high. The patients with ALS have clinical and pathological characteristics similar to those in other parts of the world. The PDC patients display parkinsonism and progressive dementia and show a characteristic neuronal loss in certain parts of the central nervous system such as the hippocampus and substantia nigra. The Guamanian patients with ALS and PDC commonly have widespread Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes, but without the associated senile plaques. We have applied immunohistochemical procedures to examine the expression of marker substances in Guamanian ALS and PDC. The markers studied include tau protein, ubiquitin, beta proteins, synaptophysin, calcineurin, Met-enkephalin, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase. The results were compared with the findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, sporadic ALS and familial ALS.
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PMID:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam: immunohistochemical studies. 158 17

The causes of the neurodegenerative disorders of Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are unknown. It is proposed that all these disorders result primarily from a loss of trophic peptidergic neurotransmitter, possibly Substance P (SP). This loss in turn produces the classical neuronal degeneration seen in each of these diseases and occurs due to a combination of natural aging and chronic autoimmune destruction following a viral infection of the CNS, early in life. The loss is therefore slow and by the time of clinical presentation the inflammatory process is disappearing as the antigenic stimulus lessens with its removal. The implications of the theory in terms of future research and therapy are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Substance P and neurodegenerative disorders. A speculative review. 172 84

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of immunocytochemical studies of spinal neuropeptides in human pathology and in animal experiments. The distribution of neuropeptides in the gray matter of the human spinal cord is summarized. Data obtained on selected pathological cases are able to determine the origin of certain peptidergic afferents to the spinal cord and suggest that the early disappearance of substance P-positive fibers in the motoneuronal columns plays a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In rats, peptide immunocytochemistry is useful for assessing the plasticity of spinal neurons in a model of chronic pain, in chemically induced degeneration of the gray matter and in a model of spinal cord trauma. Finally, a newly developed culture system of adult rat and human dorsal root ganglia demonstrates that the phenotypic expression of neuropeptides can be modulated experimentally, which offers new perspectives for studying the neurobiological role of these mediators and for the tentative repair of spinal lesions by autografts.
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PMID:[Biochemical anatomy of the spinal peptidergic system. Study of normal and pathologic material; plasticity of neuropeptides in adult dorsal root ganglia]. 236 12

Using immunocytochemical methods, a severe loss of substance P, but not of enkephalin, cholecystokinin and serotonin containing fibers was observed in lamina IX of the spinal cords from 4 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. Substance P-fibers were decreased before degeneration of motoneurons. They were normal in the remaining spinal gray matter.
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PMID:[Immunocytochemical study of the spinal distribution of substance P, enkephalins, cholecystokinin and serotonin in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. 242 58

The sacral segments of the spinal cord in 15 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 7 control cases were investigated using peptides immunocytochemistry. A rich supply of somatostatin-, enkephalin- and substance P-immunoreactive fibers and terminals were found in common with the intermediolateral cell column in Onuf's nucleus, but not with the motor neurons in ventral horn. Furthermore, there was no significant difference with peptides innervation between ALS and control cases. Onuf's nucleus, though located in the ventral horn of the upper sacral segment, has a rich supply of peptidergic innervation which suggests that this nucleus does not represent merely somatic motor neurons, but also represents autonomic neurons. This may be related to sparing of Onuf's nucleus along with the autonomic sacral intermediolateral nucleus in ALS.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical study of Onuf's nucleus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 245 10

We studied the trophic effects of various neuropeptides, including substance P (SP), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), neurotensin (NT) and bombesin (BN) on explanted cultures of ventral spinal cord from 13- to 14-day-old rat embryos. In groups, receiving one type of drug only, there was a significant neurite-promoting effect (NPE) in SP, TRH and BN-treated cultures. At a concentration of 10(-12) M the most potent effect was shown by SP. However, BN had the most potent action at concentrations greater than 10(-10) M. It also became clear that there were maximum and minimum effective concentrations for these 3 neuropeptides. NT had no NPE at any concentration. There was no additional NPE when any two or all four of these neuropeptides were given simultaneously. Our results demonstrate that BN, SP, and TRH have a trophic effect on ventral spinal cord in cultures, and may contribute to a therapeutic strategy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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PMID:Trophic effect of various neuropeptides on the cultured ventral spinal cord of rat embryo. 247 30

The distribution of substance P receptors was examined by autoradiography at all levels of the human postmortem spinal cord using the ligand [125I]Bolton-Hunter substance P. Adjacent sections were used to localize substance P-like immunoreactivity by a radioimmunohistochemical technique. In the control spinal cord substance P-like immunoreactivity was found to be highly concentrated in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn, intermediolateral cell columns and lamina X, while lower levels of immunoreactivity were observed in other areas of the grey matter of the spinal cord. In contrast, high densities of substance P binding sites were localized not only to the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn but also to other regions of the grey matter of the spinal cord, particularly in the area of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column and in the region of the somatic motor neurons of the ventral horn. In 5 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis we found a marked reduction of substance P binding, especially in the ventral horn associated with the loss of motor neurons. These results suggest a postsynaptic localization of substance P receptors to the motor neurons of the ventral horn in the human spinal cord and a role for substance P in the function of motor neurons.
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PMID:Substance P receptors in the human spinal cord: decrease in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 253 90

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of immunocytochemical studies of spinal neurotransmitters in human pathology and in animal experiments the distribution of transmitters, mainly of neuropeptides in the human spinal cord is summarized. Data obtained on pathological material are able to determine the origin of certain peptidergic afferents to the spinal cord and suggest that the early selective disappearance of substance P-fibers plays a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transmitter immunocytochemistry is useful for assessing the plasticity of spinal neurons in chemically induced degeneration of the gray matter and in a model of spinal cord trauma. Finally, a newly developed culture system of adult rat and human dorsal root ganglia demonstrates that the phenotypic expression of neurotransmitters can be modulated experimentally, which offers new perspectives for studying their neurobiological role and for the tentative repair of central nervous system lesions by autografts.
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PMID:[Spinal neurotransmitters: chemical neuroanatomy of the human spinal cord and the cultured sensory neurons of the adult rat]. 257 90

Substance P (SP), a putative peptide neurotransmitter, was measured in human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by radioimmunoassay. Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) was present in the CSF of 18 neurologically normal adults in concentrations ranging from 2.9 to 11.1 fmol per milliliter, with a mean of 7.0 /+- 0.6 fmol per milliliter (mean /+- SE). Slightly more than half of the CSF-SPLI cochromatographed with synthetic SP on Sephadex G-25. There was no apparent gradient in CSF-SPLI concentration over the first 30 ml of CSF removed by lumbar puncture. Mean concentrations CSF-SPLI in patients with Huntington disease, parkinsonism, miscellaneous dyskinesias, progressive supranuclear palsy, myopathy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis did not differ significantly from normal. Patients with neuropathy or multiple-system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome) had significantly reduced mean CSF-SPLI concentrations. These observations suggest that lumbar CSF-SPLI arises largely from spinal cord, nerve roots, or dorsal root ganglia, and that pathologic processes affecting these structures may be reflected by reduced levels of CSF-SPLI.
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PMID:Substance P in human cerebrospinal fluid: reductions in peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction. 616 19

The topographic location of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) has recently been determined within the human spinal cord. ChAT, which is regarded as a specific marker of cholinergic structures in nervous tissue, showed an area of high activity in the ventrolateral part of the ventral horn, probably related to motor neurons. In addition, an area of high ChAT activity was found in the apical part of the dorsal horn. As amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive degeneration of the cortico-spinal tracts and the lower motor neurons, we considered it of value to investigate the involvement of spinal cholinergic structures in this disorder. Substance P is regarded as the transmitter of incoming pain signals to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, a subject recently reviewed by Marx. As disturbed sensation of pain is not a symptom of ALS, there seemed reason to correlate the spinal concentration of this peptide with the activities of ChAT in ALS.
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PMID:Choline acetyltransferase and substance P-like immuno-reactivity in the human spinal cord: changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 618 25


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