Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20366 (substance P)
 21,176 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to investigate the neurochemical coding of myenteric neurons in the guinea pig gastric corpus by using immunohistochemical methods. Antibodies and antisera against calbindin (CALB), calretinin (CALRET), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), beta-endorphin (ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), parvalbumin (PARV), serotonin (5-HT), somatostatin (SOM), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were used. Double- and triple-labeling studies revealed colocalization of certain transmitters and enabled the identification of distinct subpopulations of gastric enteric neurons. NPY/VIP/NOS/ENK were present in 28% of all neurons, whereas 11% had NPY/VIP/DBH/ChAT; NOS-only neurons made up 2% of the population. The combination SP/ChAT/ENK occurred in 21% of the population, whereas SP/ChAT/ENK/CALRET and SP/CHAT/SOM/ +/- CALRET was identified in 5% and 6% of all cells, respectively. 5-HT-containing neurons comprised 2% of all cells and could be further classified by the presence of additional antigens as 5-HT/SP/(ChAT) or 5-HT/VIP/(ChAT). Approximately 21% of all neurons contained only ChAT with no additional antigen present and are referred to as ChAT/-. Gastric myenteric ganglion cells were not immunoreactive for CALB, PARV, CGRP, or TH. The results of this study indicate that gastric myenteric neurons can be characterized on the basis of different chemical coding. Neurochemical coding of corpus myenteric neurons revealed some similarities and significant differences in comparison with other regions of the gut. These differences might reflect adaptation of enteric nerves according to regional specialization and the distinct functions of the proximal stomach as a gastric reservoir.
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PMID:Neurochemical coding of enteric neurons in the guinea pig stomach. 753 52

Functional data indicate that neurons in distinct regions of the heart exert preferential regional cardiac control. To date the regional distribution of specific types of neurons within the intrinsic cardiac nervous system remains unknown, as does their associations with distinct neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulatory profiles. This study was designed to ascertain: (1) the distribution of different classes of neurons within the intrinsic cardiac nervous system as determined by microscopic analysis; (2) the neurochemical profiles of neurons in differing atrial loci; (3) which neurochemicals are co-localized within specific populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons; and (4) the distribution of specific sub-populations of neurons expressing specific immunoreactivities. Taking advantage of confocal laser scanning microscopy and distinct immunoreactive fluorescent markers in various double-label combinations, several sub-populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons were identified. Of all identified neurons, 85-90% were located in ganglia (ganglionic neurons), the rest being isolated (individual neurons). The two general neuronal markers protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and microtubule-associated protein (MAP-2) were associated with neurons clustered primarily in the interatrial septum and around the origins of the two vena cavae. Ganglia (group 1) contained three sub-populations of neurons: approx. 80% of ganglionic neurons were large (15-40 microm diameters; group 1a) and approx. 20% had smaller diameters (less than 15 microm; group 1b). All of these neurons were PGP-immunoreactive, exhibiting choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity (IR), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) IR, neuropeptide Y (NPY) IR, vasoactive peptide (VIP) IR and substance P (SP) IR. The remaining 5% of ganglionic neurons were small (group 1c; less than 20 microm). These displayed TH immunoreactivity but not MAP, PGP, CHAT, NPY or SP immunoreactivity. Ten to fifteen percent of all neurons loosely distributed outside of ganglia were small (10-25 microm) and located primarily around the origin of the superior vena cava. They displayed immunoreactivity to TH, ChAT, VIP, NPY and SP, but not to MAP-2 or PGP 9.5. These data provide anatomical and immunohistochemical evidence for specific localization of differing populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons with respect to their size, ganglionic distributions and capacity to express multiple neurotransmitters. Although the functional importance of such a regional distribution of differing populations of intrinsic cardiac neurons remains unknown, these anatomical data support the thesis that unique clustering of specific populations of neurons within this nervous system represents the anatomical substrate for complex local cardiac regulatory phenomena occurring at the level of the target organ.
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PMID:Distribution of intrinsic cardiac neurons in whole-mount guinea pig atria identified by multiple neurochemical coding. A confocal microscope study. 1046 Apr 88

Histological and histochemical investigations revealed that the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) in the chinchilla is a structure closely connected with the maxillary nerve. Macro-morphological observations disclosed two different forms of the ganglion: an elongated stripe representing single agglomeration of nerve cells, and a ganglionated plexus comprising smaller aggregations of neurocytes connected with nerve fibres. Immunohistochemistry revealed that nearly 80% of neuronal cell bodies in PPG stained for acetylcholine transferase (CHAT) but only about 50% contained immunoreactivity to vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VACHT). Many neurons (40%) were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-positive. Double-staining demonstrated that approximately 20% of the VIP-immunoreactive neurons were VACHT-negative. Some neurons (10%) in PPG were simultaneously VACHT/nitric oxide synthase (NOS)- or Met-enkephaline (Met-ENK)/CHAT-positive, respectively. A small number of the perikarya stained for somatostatin (SOM) and solitary nerve cell bodies expressed Leu-ENK- and galanin-immunoreactivity. Interestingly about 5-8% of PPG neurons exhibited immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Intraganglionic nerve fibres containing immunoreactivity to VACHT-, VIP- and Met-ENK- were numerous, those stained for calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP)- and substance P (SP)- were scarce, and single nerve terminals were TH-, GAL-, VIP- and NOS-positive.
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PMID:Morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of the pterygopalatine ganglion in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger, Molina). 2397 Dec 5