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Query: UNIPROT:P20226 (TATA-binding protein)
 1,297 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferase (ADPRT) is a nuclear protein that modifies proteins by forming and attaching to them poly(ADP-ribose) chains. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation represents an event of major importance in perturbed cell nuclei and participates in the regulation of fundamental processes including DNA repair and transcription. Although ADPRT serves as a positive cofactor of transcription, initiation of its catalytic activity may cause repression of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. It is demonstrated here that ADPRT-dependent silencing of transcription involves ADP-ribosylation of the TATA-binding protein. This modification occurs only if poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is initiated before TATA-binding protein has bound to DNA and thereby prevents formation of active transcription complexes. Specific DNA binding of other transcription factors including Yin Yang 1, p53, NFkappaB, Sp1, and CREB but not c-Jun or AP-2 is similarly affected. After assembly of transcription complexes initiation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation does not influence DNA binding of transcription factors. Accordingly, if bound to DNA, transcription factors are inaccessible to poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Thus, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation prevents binding of transcription factors to DNA, whereas binding to DNA prevents their modification. Considering its ability to detect DNA strand breaks and stimulate DNA repair, it is proposed that ADPRT serves as a molecular switch between transcription and repair of DNA to avoid expression of damaged genes.
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PMID:Regulation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of transcription factors. 982 23

Mot1 is an essential Snf2/Swi2-related Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that binds the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and removes TBP from DNA using ATP hydrolysis. Mot1 functions in vivo both as a repressor and as an activator of transcription. Mot1 catalysis of TBP.DNA disruption is consistent with its function as a repressor, but the Mot1 mechanism of activation is unknown. To better understand the physiologic role of Mot1 and its enzymatic mechanism, MOT1 mutants were generated and tested for activity in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrate a close correlation between the TBP.DNA disruption activity of Mot1 and its essential in vivo function. Previous results demonstrated a large overlap in the gene sets controlled by Mot1 and NC2. Mot1 and NC2 can co-occupy TBP.DNA in vitro, and NC2 binding does not impair Mot1-catalyzed disruption of the complex. Residues on the DNA-binding surface of TBP are important for Mot1 binding and the Mot1.TBP binary complex binds very poorly to DNA and does not dissociate in the presence of ATP. However, the binary complex binds DNA well in the presence of the transition state analog ADP-AlF(4). A model for Mot1 action is proposed in which ATP hydrolysis causes the Mot1 N terminus to displace the TATA box, leading to ejection of Mot1 and TBP from DNA.
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PMID:Mot1 regulates the DNA binding activity of free TATA-binding protein in an ATP-dependent manner. 1257 Dec 41

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an attractive model plant for investigating fruit development because of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical diversity. Quantification of gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) with stably expressed reference genes for normalization can effectively elucidate the biological functions of genes that regulate fruit development. However, the reference genes for data normalization in melon fruits have not yet been systematically validated. This study aims to assess the suitability of 20 genes for their potential use as reference genes in melon fruits. Expression variations of these genes were measured in 24 samples that represented different developmental stages of fertilized and parthenocarpic melon fruits by qRT-PCR analysis. GeNorm identified ribosomal protein L (CmRPL) and cytosolic ribosomal protein S15 (CmRPS15) as the best pair of reference genes, and as many as five genes including CmRPL, CmRPS15, TIP41-like family protein (CmTIP41), cyclophilin ROC7 (CmCYP7), and ADP ribosylation factor 1 (CmADP) were required for more reliable normalization. NormFinder ranked CmRPS15 as the best single reference gene, and RAN GTPase gene family (CmRAN) and TATA-box binding protein (CmTBP2) as the best combination of reference genes in melon fruits. Their effectiveness was further validated by parallel analyses on the activities of soluble acid invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase, and expression profiles of their respective encoding genes CmAIN2 and CmSPS1, as well as sucrose contents during melon fruit ripening. The validated reference genes will help to improve the accuracy of gene expression studies in melon fruits.
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PMID:Assessment of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Studies in Melon Fruits. 2753 16