Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20020 (adenosine triphosphatase)
 3,299 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas from the nasopharynx of two children were examined by histochemical methods commonly applied to muscle biopsies. These stains included nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), PAS, PAS-diastase, myophosphorylase, calcium-mediated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) preincubated at high and low pH, and oil red O. Myofibrils were easily identified with ATPase and blood vessel walls were also stained. NADH-TR clearly showed longitudinal and cross-striations that were not seen with H&E or PTAH stains. The modified Gomori trichrome stain additionally contributed to the recognition of myofibrils. Some techniques of muscle histochemistry applied to fresh frozen sections of tumor tissue may provide evidence of muscular differentiation in otherwise poorly differentiated sarcomas for a more accurate diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of histochemistry in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. 9 52

Muscle samples were obtained from the gastrocnemius of 17 female and 23 male track athletes, 10 untrained women, and 11 untrained men. Portions of the specimen were analyzed for total phosphorylase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. Sections of the muscle were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase, NADH2 tetrazolium reductase, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured on a treadmill for 23 of the volunteers (6 female athletes, 11 male athletes, 10 untrained women, and 6 untrained men). These measurements confirm earlier reports which suggest that the athlete's preference for strength, speed, and/or endurance events is in part a matter of genetic endowment. Aside from differences in fiber composition and enzymes among middle-distance runners, the only distinction between the sexes was the larger fiber areas of the male athletes. SDH activity was found to correlate 0.79 with VO2max, while muscle LDH appeared to be a function of muscle fiber composition. While sprint- and endurance-trained athletes are characterized by distinct fiber compositions and enzyme activities, participants in strength events (e.g., shot-put) have relatively low muscle enzyme activities and a variety of fiber compositions.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle enzymes and fiber composition in male and female track athletes. 12 49

Frozen sections of equine musculus semitendinosus were examined for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), using standard histochemical procedures, and the proportions of the various fiber types and average fiber sectional size were determined. With ATPase staining, approximately 70% of the fibers were classified as alpha fibers (ATPase positive), and 30%, as beta fibers (ATPase negative). In addition, 2 populations of alpha fibers could be readily distinguished on the basis of the intensity of the ATPase reaction, and these were designated alpha positive and alpha intermediate. The relationship of this difference in ATPase reaction to contraction speed of the fibers is not known. With NADH-TR staining, fibers were classified as either red fibers (positive) having aerobic metabolism or white fibers (negative) having primarily anaerobic metabolism. All beta fibers were red by NADH-TR; thus, they conformed to the criteria for beta R fibers. All alpha positive fibers were white by NADH-TR, as were most of the alpha intermediate fibers, and would be classified alpha W. Some of the alpha intermediate fibers gave an intermediate reaction with NADH-TR and could be classified as alpha R fibers which have not transformed to alpha W fibers. The alpha positive fibers were 7 to 10 mum larger in diameter than either beta or alpha intermediate fibers.
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PMID:Fiber types and size in equine skeletal muscle. 13 Aug 14

In combination with the Mo-Fe protein of nitrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae, the Fe protein of nitrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum forms an active enzyme with novel properties different from those of either of the homologous nitrogenases. The steady-state rates of reduction of acetylene and H+ are 12% of those of the homologous system from C.pasteurianim. Acetylene reductase activity exhibited an approx. 10min lag at 30 degrees C before the rate of reduction became linear, consistent with a once-only activation step being necessary for acetylene reduction to occur. No such lag was observed for H2 evolution. The activity with N2 as a reducible substrate was very low, implying that acetylene reductase activity is not necessarily an accurate indication of nitrogen-fixing ability. This is of particular relevance to studies on mutant and agronomically important organisms. Stopped-flow spectrophotometric studies showed unimolecular electron transfer from the Fe protein to the Mo-Fe protein to occur at the same rate (k2 = 2.5 X 10(2)s-1) and with the same dependence on ATP concentration (apparent KD = 400 muM) as with the homologous Klebsiella nitrogenase. However, an ATP/2e ratio of 50 was obtained for H2 evolution, indicating that ATP hydrolysis had been uncoupled from electron transfer to substrate. These data indicate that ATP has at least two roles in the mechanism of nitrogenase action. The combination of the Mo-Fe protein of nitrogenase of C.pasteurianim and the Fe protein of K.pneumoniae were inactive in all the above reactions, except for a weak adenosine triphosphatase activity, 0.5% of that of the homologous K.pneumoniae system.
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PMID:Nitrogenases from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium pasteurianum. Kinetic investigations of cross-reactions as a probe of the enzyme mechanism. 13

Male guinea pigs were exposed to nitrogen dioxide (2 mg/m3) during 180 days (8 hours a day). Long-term exposure induced thickening of the corneal layer of the epidermis as well as inflammatory infiltrations in the proper skin. The following enzymes were estimated histochemically in skin samples of experimental and control animals: succinic dehydrogenase, NADH2-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase; alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Chronic exposrue stimulated a decrease of NADH2-tetrazolium reductase in the epidermis and connective tissue components of proper skin and marked positive reaction of lactate dehydrogenase in epidermal cells and hair follicles. Increase of a diffuse reaction on adenosine triphosphatase in smooth muscles of the skin was found also in exposed animals.
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PMID:Histopathological and histochemical studies of the skin of guinea pigs after long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide. 14 74

Premature infants tolerate respiratory loads poorly. This may reflect incomplete development of the ventilatory muscles (VM) causing poor resistance to fatigue. To study the developmental pattern of human VM, 31 postmortem specimens of diaphragm and intercostal muscles were obtained. Individual muscle fibers were classified as type I (slow-twitch, high-oxidative) or type II (fast-twich, low-oxidative) using histochemical staining methods for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (M-ATPase) (pH 10.30) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) tetrazolium reductase. In the diaphragm, premature infants (less than 37 wk gestation) had only 9.7 +/- 1.3% type I fibers, full-term newborns 25.0 +/- 1.1%, and older subjects (greater than 2 yr of age) 54.9 +/- 1.3%. There was no further increase after 8 mo postpartum. In the intercostal muscles, premature infants had only 19.0 +/- 4.8% type I fibers, full-term newborns 45.7 +/- 1.3%, and older subjects 65.2 +/- 2.6%. There was no further increase after 2 mo postpartum. These findings suggest the ventilatory muscles of newborn infants are more susceptible to fatigue than those of older subjects. This may contribute significantly to respiratory problems in the neonate.
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PMID:Developmental pattern of muscle fiber types in human ventilatory muscles. 14 79

Mean fiber diameters and percentages of each fiber type of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, and vastus intermedius muscles from 15 sheep, ranging from 1 day to 5 years of age, were determined. Myosin adenosine triphosphatase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase stained sections were used. The vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris contained 3 fiber types (I, IIA, and IIB). The vastus intermedius was composed almost entirely of type I fibers. From birth to 5 years of age, mean fiber diameters of type I fibers increased from 15.8 to 47.0 micron in the vastus lateralis, 15.6 to 50.7 micron in the vastus medialis, 17.5 to 46.5 micron in the rectus femoris, and 26.7 to 51.8 micron in the vastus intermedius. Means of fiber diameters of type II fibers increased from 16.1 to 44.6 micron in the vastus lateralis, 19.8 to 44.0 micron in the vastus medialis, and 17.0 to 44.5 micron in the rectus femoris. The percentage of type II fibers in the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and rectus femoris decreased from 85% to 90% at birth to approximately 72% at 5 years of age. The vastus intermedius consisted of only type I fibers in sheep 2 years and older.
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PMID:Age-related changes in percentage of fiber types and mean fiber diameters of the ovine quadriceps muscles. 15 22

The experiments were carried out on dogs. Experimental animals were subjected to the trauma of the thorax during operation. The localization and activity of succinic dehydrogenase, NADH2-tetrazole reductase, adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphates in the kidneys were examined. An increase of the activity of all the investigated enzymes takes place under the influence of the stress. On the basis of the investigations it can be supposed that the processes of oxygen phosphorylation and active transport are intensified. An increase of the activity of acid phosphates gives evidence of the intensity of phagocytosis and pinocytosis processes in the kidney.
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PMID:Histoenzymatic changes in the dog kidney in an experimentally induced crushing injury of the thorax. 16 20

Biopsy specimens from the gastrocnemius or rectus femoris muscle of 20 patients with intermittent claudication were studied using fresh frozen cryostat sections and histochemical reactions for adenosine triphosphatase, nicotinamide adenine nucleotide dehydrogenase reductase and phosphorylase and modified Gomori trichrome staining. Neuropathic changes, such as fibertype grouping and small group atrophy, were present to some extent in all of the biopsy specimens. Myogenic muscle changes such as necrosis and phagocytosis were seen in approximately one third and various forms of myofibrillar disorganization in approximately two thirds of the specimens. The amount and size of the type I aerobic fibers increased with the increasing severity of the ischemic disease.
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PMID:Histochemical changes in striated muscle in patients with intermittent claudication. 57 9

Each of two Desert Sheep was infected with 1500 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni of Northern Sudan. Signs of infection were anorexia, soft faces, progressive weakness and loss of wool. The sheep were killed 254 and 269 days after infection. The findings were heavy infiltration of the lamina propria with inflammatory cells, numerous ova in the submucosa, hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue, oedema of the mesenteric lymph nodes, and focal pulmonary oedema and congestion. There were egg granulomas, focal necrosis, schistosomal pigment, fatty change, depletion of glycogen and reduction in the activity of adenosine triphosphatase, succinic tetrazolium reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver. In one sheep 1330 cercariae penetrated and 700 matured to produce males and females in a 5:2 ratio. In the other sheep, about one third of the cercariae penetrated and matured. The ratio of males to females was 3:1.
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PMID:Susceptibility of desert sheep to infection with Schistosoma mansoni of Northern Sudan. 93 26


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