Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20020 (adenosine triphosphatase)
 3,299 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cytochemical study of the amoeboid microglial cells in the brain of the neonatal rat has shown that these vacuolated cells exhibit strong acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activities. Endogenous peroxidase, however, was not present. With the electron microscope the reaction product of acid phosphatase was found to be localized in some of the Golgi cisternae, in the majority of the electron-dense secretory granules, and in an occasional long tubular profile. The secretory granules were not uniformly stained for this enzyme, some showing only a focal reaction or none at all. The distribution of the activity of aryl sulphatase corresponded to that of acid phosphatase except that all the granules appeared to contain the former enzyme. With the light microscope the amoeboid microglial cells were intensely stained for ATPase. From these observations it was concluded that amoeboid microglia are active phagocytes and their enzyme-rich secretory granules are lysosomes.
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PMID:Light and electron microscopic demonstration of some lysosomal enzymes in the amoeboid microglia in neonatal rat brain. 14 73

The dermal cells in grey, xanthic, and white goldfish integuments were cytochemically characterized for the following enzymatic activities: tyrosinase, DOPA-oxidase, cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase, peroxidase, non-specific esterase, cholinesterase, NAD-diaphorase, NADP-diaphorase, aryl sulfatase, nucleotide phosphodiesterase, beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, aldolase, as well as succinate, malate, isocitrate, glutamate, glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, alpha-glycerophosphate, alcohol, lactate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases. It was found that the epidermis was a significant barrier to the access of cytochemical reaction substrates. Removal of the epidermal barrier provided dermal cell localizations of enzymatic activities which were reproducible. Further, alterations in reaction times and temperatures from the mammalian methodology provided conditions fe various integumental cells were compared for possible interrelationships. The basic foundations for future work with the dermis of poikilothermic vertebrates on an experimental basis were established. In addition, a previously undescribed non-pigmented dermal cell, the "x"-cell, was found to have enzymatic characteristics similar to both melanophores and lipophores. The "x"-cell may be the common precursor of both types of pigment cells.
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PMID:Cytochemical characterization of goldfish (Carassius auratus L.) dermis with special reference to the pigment cells. 82 86

The development of suspensor in Brassica campestris is of the "Onagrad type"; The suspensor growth was maximum between the globular and heart stage of embryo development. There after, the suspensor diminished and immediately after the torpedo stage, it degenerated several enzymes (e.g. acid-, alkaline-, adenosine triphosphatase, peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, cyotchrome oxidase) and general substances (ascorbic acid, polysaccharides, lipids) were localized in the suspensor during different phases of embryo growth. Between the globular and heartshaped stage, suspensor cells had strong reaction. An attempt is made to elucidate possible physiological functions in relation to specific enzyme localization. The possibility of suspensor having secretory function is also brought out. Present histochemical data indicated that suspensor was chiefly concerned with absorption and transport of metabolites from the surrounding tissue to the developing embryo.
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PMID:III. Histochemical characteristics of suspensor during embryo development in Brassica campestris Linn. var., Sarson. 82 2

Renal functional abnormalities constituting the syndrome of postobstructive diuresis imply both altered tubular and glomerular membrane properties. To determine the morphologic and ultrastructural correlates of this disorder a rat model was developed and 32 postobstructed kidneys were studied by light and electron microscopy at the midpoint of diuresis and compared to 22 controls. The abnormal morphology was: dilated distal tubules and collecting ducts, isolated proximal and distal tubule cells that allowed free access of luminal contents to the basement membrane, widened terminal bars and intercellular spaces, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and, depending upon the portion of nephron, normal or reduced adenosine triphosphatase and acid phosphatase content. In order to confirm the functional nature of the nephrons studied as well as to assess glomerular and tubular permeability, horseradish peroxidase and cytochrome c were infused. These tracers, normally permeable to the glomerular basement membrane, were found in the intercellular spaces and to a lesser extent within cell organelles in the postobstructed diuretic animals whereas controls demonstrated a retarded filtration of horseradish peroxidase, no tracer in the intercellular spaces and large amounts of tracer contained within cell organelles. Absence of enzyme activity in the medulla and reduced dark to light cell ratios in the cortical collecting ducts correlated with prior observations made by others of diminished concentration and acidification processes, respectively. An increase in adenosine triphosphatase activity and renin granules within the juxtaglomerular cells indicated increased renin activity. These observations suggest that the renal functional abnormalities of postobstructive diuresis are attributable to altered glomerular and tubular permeabilities as well as with changes in metabolic activity.
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PMID:A histochemical and morphologic study of postobstructive diuresis in the rat. 99 66

Previous work has shown that increased endocytotic and lysosomal activities occur in the endplate region of denervated skeletal muscle fibres. This, however, does not engage all fibres of a muscle at a given time after denervation. The present study was carried out in order to determine if both type I (slow) and type II (fast) muscle fibres can react to denervation by increased endocytotic and lysosomal activities. Uptake of horseradish peroxidase as a marker for endocytosis was studied in conjunction with acid phosphatase staining for lysosomal activity in type I and type II fibres of the denervated mouse hemidiaphragm. Fibre typing was performed using a monoclonal antibody against fast skeletal myosin and by adenosine triphosphatase staining. The results show that increased endocytosis and lysosomal activation occur in both type I and type II fibres after denervation.
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PMID:Increased endocytotic and lysosomal activities in denervated type I and type II muscle fibres. 153 58

The influences of iron deficiency on the cochlear iron enzymes and adenosine triphosphatase were studied in 68 iron-deficient rats and 68 control rats (normal and with chronic anemia). A disorderly or topographic distribution and reduction or disappearance of the cochlear succinic dehydrogenase and peroxidase reaction products were found in 37.8% of the rats fed on a basic iron-deficient diet for 14 to 100 days. The activity of cochlear sodium-potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase in iron-deficient rats was slightly increased, compared to that in normal controls. These results suggest that iron deficiency would produce significant abnormalities of succinic dehydrogenase and peroxidase activity, which in turn would disturb cell respiration and initiate peroxidative damage to the inner ear cells, result in sensorineural hearing loss, or provide a pathologic basis for cochlear deafness.
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PMID:Changes in the cochlear iron enzymes and adenosine triphosphatase in experimental iron deficiency. 217 94

A human megakaryoblastic cell line, designated CHRF-288-11, has been established in vitro through the use of adherent stromal cells in long-term human bone marrow culture. Long-term bone marrow cultures were required for the initial adaptation of the megakaryoblastic cells to culture conditions; however, once adapted, the cells were weaned from the stromal layer until they proliferated in the complete absence of any feeder layers. The seed cells for the establishment of this line were derived from a solid tumor; the cloned cell line derived from this tumor exhibits markers characteristic of megakaryocytes and platelets. Specifically, the cells express platelet peroxidase, platelet factor 4, and platelet Ca+(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (CDw41), factor VIII antigen, and the MY7 (CD13) and MY9 (CD33) antigens. The cells do not express the erythroid markers glycophorin A and hemoglobin, the myeloid marker myeloperoxidase, nor markers specific for T and/or B cells. The established cell line produces both basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta, properties demonstrated previously for the solid tumor. The clonal cell population exhibited a unique, singular karyotype, indicating cellular homogeneity. The cells display a doubling time of approximately 33 hours in either 25% horse or calf serum. Treatment of the cells with 1 X 10(-8) mol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) leads to the induction of multi-nucleation and hyperploidy in the cells, with approximately 35% of the cells exhibiting two or more nuclei per cell, and greater than 80% of the cells enlarging in size. The establishment of this unique cell line under defined culture conditions will be beneficial for the future study of megakaryocytic properties expressed by this cell line.
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PMID:In vitro establishment and characterization of a human megakaryoblastic cell line. 231 Aug 25

The interactions of osteoblasts with one another and with the extracellular milieu are of vital importance for cell function. These interactions are mediated by cell membrane-associated components. In the present work, we studied the distribution of several mediators known to be associated with the cell surface, using ultrastructural cytochemistry, to characterize the three cell membrane domains (osteoid, lateral, and vascular) of osteoblasts. Osteoblasts in neonatal rat calvariae were studied for cell surface distribution of alkaline phosphatase (APase), calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase), calcium, soybean agglutinin (SBA)-reactive sites, and peanut agglutinin (PNA)-reactive sites. APase was absent in the osteoid domain but was evenly distributed in the other domains. Ca2+-ATPase was found to be concentrated mainly in the lateral domains. In contrast, calcium was present in all cell membrane domains. Using lectins conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, we demonstrated that SBA binding sites were evenly distributed along the osteoblast cell membrane, whereas PNA binding sites were absent or minimally present in the osteoid and lateral domains but were evenly distributed in the vascular domain. These results suggest that the various functions of osteoblasts may be facilitated by specialized cell membrane domains which are cytochemically distinct. Previous reports have failed to demonstrate the cytochemical differences between the three domains of the osteoblast cell membrane.
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PMID:Cytochemical properties of osteoblast cell membrane domains. 252 36

An experimental model of myocardiopathy was induced in rhesus monkeys following noradrenaline (NA) infusion (20 ug/kg body wt/minute), for a period of 2 hours daily for three consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed after two hours (acute phase), forty-eight hours (sub-acute phase) and twenty-one days (chronic phase). Focal depletion of succinic dehydrogenase, increase in adenosine triphosphatase, acid phosphatase and appearance of large fat droplets in myocardial muscle was noted in the acute phase. Histopathological examination revealed focal edema, opacity and fuchsinorrhagia of the muscle fibres distributed in both the ventricles. Myofibrillar degeneration, myocytolysis and vacuolization with aggregation of lymphomononuclear cells were the significant features in the acute phase. During sub-acute and chronic phases, these features became less prominent and reparative changes with proliferation of fibroblasts became more marked. By the twenty-first day, irregular, focal scars replaced the necrosed myocardium. Ultrastructurally, heart muscle showed myofibrillar disorganisation, distortion of Z and A bands, dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum and swelling and rupture of mitochondria. Altered membrane permeability was evidenced by the presence of reaction products of horseradish peroxidase within the cardiac cells. In the reparative phase, however, myocytolytic changes regressed and collagen deposition was the prominent feature. This experimental study has several histological features simulating human cases of myocardial infarction without coronary occlusion.
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PMID:Catecholamine-induced experimental cardiomyopathy--a histopathological, histochemical and ultrastructural study. 259 40

In order to investigate the availability and release of enzymes from eosinophilic granulocytes in response to a variety of stimuli, guinea pig peritoneal eosinophils were obtained after repeated intraperitoneal injections of freeze-dried Trichinella spiralis larvae. The activities of the enzymes peroxidase, arylsulfatase B, beta-glucuronidase, aminopeptidase, histaminase, cytochrome c oxidase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and glucose 6-phosphatase, and the major basic protein (MBP) were studied histochemically and, in part, also biochemically. Eosinophils were incubated with the following substances: histamine, platelet activating factor, calcium ionophore, compound 48/80, leukotriene B4, prostaglandins E1, and E2, heparin, and eosinophil-chemotactic factors from neutrophils and lymphocytes. Eosinophils displayed a selective and stimulus-dependent enzyme and MBP reaction. Calcium ionophore and compound 48/80 provoked a release of cytotoxic major basic protein, partly associated with peroxidase release, while leukotriene B4 and eosinophil chemotactic factors caused histaminase and peroxidase release and activated leucinaminopeptidase. Heparin and calcium ionophore induced release of both MBP and histaminase. These data support the concept that eosinophils exhibit either inflammatory or cytotoxic, or antiinflammatory properties upon stimulation by various agents.
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PMID:Activation and release of enzymes and major basic protein from guinea pig eosinophil granulocytes induced by different inflammatory stimuli and other substances. A histochemical, biochemical, and electron microscopic study. 275 82


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