Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20020 (adenosine triphosphatase)
 3,299 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study reviews data on the histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma and angiosarcoma derived from clinical features, histology, electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and immunochemistry of both diseases. Their hemorrhagic clinical appearance contrasts the predominantly lymphatic histologic features of vessels in early lesions. Investigations performed to resolve the debate whether these tumors arise from blood vessel or lymphatic endothelium show remarkably similar results for both conditions. Electron microscopy reveals Weibel - Palade bodies in a minority of cases, but features consistent with less well-differentiated blood vessel endothelium may be seen in a greater proportion of tumors. Enzyme histochemistry generally shows absence of adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in tumor cells; a pattern of enzymes similar to that found in normal lymphatic endothelium. Conflicting data arises from the large number of immunohistochemical studies performed on both conditions. Factor VIII-related antigen and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I have been most frequently employed, but the specificity of these agents for blood vessel endothelium is debatable. Panendothelial markers show consistent labeling of both tumors, but marker studies employing a wide range of monoclonal antibodies specific for blood vessel endothelium have shown occasional positive labeling of tumor cells. A number of studies have claimed absence of labeling with specific blood vessel monoclonal antibodies, but at present no study employing a specific marker for lymphatic endothelium has been reported. Although the demonstration of specific markers for blood vessel endothelium in these tumors has been variable, the data would be compatible with lesions arising from undifferentiated stem cells that proliferate with varying degrees of differentiation toward blood vessel endothelium. An alternative hypothesis for the histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma would be one of multicentric hyperplasia containing lymphatic venular anastamoses with elements of both lymphatic and blood vessel endothelium.
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PMID:Histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma and angiosarcoma of the face and the scalp. 266 17

Growth of cells of the potentially zoopathogenic fungus Basidiobolus haptosporus on a nutritionally defined medium with xanthine or urate as the nitrogen source results in greatly increased populations of microbodies. Modified Gomori procedures at the electron microscopic level suggested the single limiting membrane (and in some cases the granular matrix) of immature microbodies to be the exclusive subcellular locale(s) of alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and nucleoside diphosphatase activities. When grown in the presence of low inorganic phosphate, additional alkaline phosphatase activity was further identified cytochemically at and along profiles of endoplasmic reticulum and on inclusions previously described as "double-membraned vesicles". Cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase at microbody membranes was minimal if not ambiguous; Mg++-dependent adenosine triphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were not identified at these locales. Quantitative biochemical estimates of alkaline phosphatase activity levels in particulate fractions initially increased with age of cells, perhaps as a function of the cultural induction and marked increase in immature microbody populations. We suggest that this enzyme may participate in some manner with protein translocation mechanisms associated with microbody biogenesis, ontogeny, and/or physiological function.
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PMID:Electron cytochemical demonstration of phosphatase activity with microbody membranes of Basidiobolus haptosporus. 282 62

New light microscopic visualization methods were developed for the histochemical detection of non-specific alkaline and acid phosphatase, Mg-, Ca- and Na, K-dependent adenosine triphosphatase, myosin adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and thiamine pyrophosphatase with cerium ions as trapping agents in cryostat and plastic sections. The techniques are based on the conversion of cerium phosphate into cerium perhydroxide by H2O2 which decomposes at 55 degrees-60 degrees C into cerium hydroxide and oxygen radicals. These radicals are able to oxidize diaminobenzidine (DAB) to DAB brown. Addition of nickel ions to the DAB-H2O2 mixture generates bluish-black stained nickel-DAB complexes. Compared with the classical metal precipitation, azo, azoindoxyl and tetrazolium procedures the H2O2-DAB and especially the H2O2-DAB-nickel methods provided identical or superior results in catalytic phosphatase histochemistry and immunohistochemistry when using non-specific alkaline phosphatase as the enzyme label.
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PMID:The cerium perhydroxide-diaminobenzidine (Ce-H2O2-DAB) procedure. New methods for light microscopic phosphatase histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. 285 63

Rats received 0.1% lead acetate in their drinking water for 3 weeks or for 6 weeks, at which time renal brush border fractions were obtained for measurement of enzyme activity. Renal brush border preparations from Pb2+-exposed rats exhibited statistically significant decreases in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminopeptidase after 3 or 6 weeks of treatment. There was an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase which was statistically significant after 3 weeks of Pb2+ exposure. The (Na+,K+) adenosine triphosphatase activity and urokinase activity, located in the basolateral membrane fractions, were unchanged by Pb2+ exposure, as were the protein and phospholipid contents of the brush border fractions. The results are compared to those following acute exposure to Pb2+ or Cd2+.
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PMID:Rat kidney brush border enzyme activity following subchronic oral lead exposure. 285 32

F344 Male rats weighting between 90 and 110 gm were given 90 ppm diethylnitrosamine in their drinking water for 5 weeks. Seven weeks after the administration of carcinogen was completed, the rats were sacrificed and sections of their livers were embedded in methacrylate. Serial sections 2 or 4 micron in thickness demonstrated the presence of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, DT diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 5'-nucleotidase activity and glycogen. The use of 4-micron sections of methacrylate-embedded tissue allows the evaluation of many more phenotypic markers in serial sections than is currently possible with frozen sections.
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PMID:Examination of enzyme-altered foci with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and other markers in methacrylate-embedded liver. 287 68

Two-micrometer sections of methacrylate-embedded kidney were used to investigate the enzymatic activities of mouse kidney where the proximal tubule and Bowman's capsule from the same corpuscle were viewed in the same section. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, leucine aminopeptidase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, and adenosine triphosphatase activities were observed in the proximal tubule, but only 5'-nucleotidase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, and alkaline phosphatase were observed in the squamous portion of the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule. The use of methacrylate-embedded tissue allowed more precise localization of enzymatic activity than is possible with most frozen sections. This may provide interesting applications not only for characterization of kidney diseases but also for characterization of other normal and abnormal tissues.
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PMID:Enzymatic histochemistry of mouse kidney in plastic. 288 Aug 90

The nasal passages are anatomically complex, and while there have been a number of descriptions of nasal structure in many species, there is very little information available on the distribution of enzymes in the nasal mucosa. In rodents, this delicate mucosa is the first site within the respiratory tract to be exposed during inhalation toxicology studies designed to assess human risks from such exposures. However, the nasal mucosa presents problems for histologic preparation because it is encased in brittle bones. Because of recent interest in the nose as a target site, and findings from biochemical studies which indicate that the nose is very active metabolically, studies were carried out to determine the value of cold glycol methacrylate (GMA) processing for localization of nasal enzymes. For these studies, liver and kidney were used as positive controls. Published histochemical procedures for acid and alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and naphthyl butyrate esterase were applied, with modifications, to undecalcified nasal passages of Fisher-344 rats. Frozen sections exhibited excellent enzyme preservation but very poor morphology, while GMA gave good enzyme preservation and excellent morphology. For GMA, acetone fixation generally resulted in the best preservation of enzyme activity. It was concluded that cold GMA processing provides a useful approach to studies of nasal enzyme distribution and that this technique of value for inhalation toxicology studies. Details of enzyme distribution in the squamous, respiratory, and olfactory epithelia, associated glands, and other structures of the nose of the rat are described and discussed.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry of the rat nasal mucosa embedded in cold glycol methacrylate. 288 3

To investigate further the pathophysiology of rotavirus-induced diarrhea, changes in specific activities of eight relevant intestinal enzymes [alkaline phosphatase, thymidine kinase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), adenylate and guanylate cyclases] were measured following infection of suckling mice with murine rotavirus (epizootic diarrhea of infant mouse strain) and compared with age-matched control mice. The concentration of lactose within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract during infection was also measured. During the course of infection, activities of alkaline phosphatase and lactase decreased, whilst the activity of thymidine kinase increased. Precocious maturation profiles of sucrase and maltase enzymes were observed. No significant changes were detected in the activities of Na+,K+-ATPase or the adenylate and guanylate cyclases. These results are discussed in relation to existing and novel hypotheses on the pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea.
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PMID:Intestinal enzyme profiles in normal and rotavirus-infected mice. 289 74

The influence of soft contact lenses (SCL) with low (37%, L) and high (65%, H) water content on rabbit corneas was investigated. The lenses were worn continuously for 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 or 28 days. The changes in corneal transparency, hydration and enzyme activities were studied. A slight change in corneal transparency due to higher hydration caused by a decreased activity of Na+-K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) in the corneal endothelium is followed by a decrease in the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Slight morphological disturbances appear within 4 days in animals wearing SCL (L). SCL (H) produce similar changes one week later. Subsequently, the corneal epithelium becomes thinner and changes in the size of corneal endothelial cells are obvious. Disturbances of enzyme activities in cells of all corneal layers are present. In the epithelium highly increased activities of acid glycosidases, acid phosphatase, and dipeptidyl peptidase I and II, in keratocytes decreased activities of alkaline phosphatase and GGT, and in the endothelium decreased activity of Na+-K+-ATPase and GGT were found. These changes are more severe after SCL (L). In this case, inflammatory cells displaying high activities of lysosomal hydrolases appear in the anterior part of the stroma during the 3rd and 4th weeks and local degradation of glycosaminoglycans and proteins takes place. In contrast, after SCL (H) a remarkable thinning of the corneas was observed during extended wear, accompanied by decreased stainability of stromal glycosaminoglycans and highly decreased enzyme activities in keratocytes. The histochemical methods proved very useful in the assessment of lesions caused by a continuous wear of SCL.
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PMID:Disturbances in the rabbit cornea after short-term and long-term wear of hydrogel contact lenses. Usefulness of histochemical methods. 289 48

Mg++-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activities were histo- and cytochemically investigated in postimplantation mouse embryos from day 5 to day 6. In day 5 postimplantation embryos, Mg-ATPase activity was detected in the embryonic ectoderm and weakly in the visceral endoderm. Weak ALPase activity was found in the embryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm. Parietal endoderm, both in day 5 and in day 6 embryos, had very weak or no Mg-ATPase and ALPase activities. Mg-ATPase activity in day 6 embryos was found with the same localization as that in day 5 embryos. No ALPase activity was observed in their embryonic ectoderm. Extraembryonic ectodermal cell mass had the strongest Mg-ATPase activity in these stage embryos. These results suggest that the localization of both enzyme activities in postimplantation mouse embryos is closely related to the morphogenesis. As regards the proamniotic cavity formation, the fact that Mg-ATPase activity was still observed in the embryonic ectoderm in these stages suggests the involvement of active transport system on the production of nascent proamniotic cavity fluid.
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PMID:Localization of Mg++-dependent adenosine triphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the postimplantation mouse embryos in day 5 and 6. 293 4


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