Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20020 (adenosine triphosphatase)
 3,299 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study deals with the histoenzymological architecture of the rhomencephalon and mesencephalon of a fresh water turtle. Attempt has been made to see the location of phosphatases (acid and alkaline phosphatases, 5-nucleotidase, adenosine triphosphatase) in the different constituents of these brain areas. The distribution of acid phosphatase is similar to Nissl staining, hence the enzyme has been used as a marker to differentiate various nuclei in the different brain areas. Moreover, the concentration of acid phosphatase is higher in large neurons like that of Nissl substance and, therefore, all such cells are quite distinct. Alkaline phosphatase predominates in blood vessels. Neuropil and neuronal activity of this enzyme is restricted to limited nuclei, only. 5-nucleotidase is localized in all the cells as well as in the neuropil. Adenosine triphosphatase activity is quite strong in all the brain areas irrespective of their sensory and motor nature. In turtle brain it has not been possible to distinguish sensory and motor areas on the basis of phosphatases distribution as calimed in fishes and mammals by several workers. Significance of the enzymes at various locales has been brought out in the contribution.
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PMID:A comparative study of phosphatases in the rhombencephalon and mesencephalon of fresh water turtle (Lissemys punctata granosa). 609 5

Ultrastructural localizations of phosphatases were observed in the rat parathyroid gland. Activities of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase were found on the caveolae or pinocytotic vesicles of the capillary endothelia. In the parenchymal cells, they were demonstrated to be stronger both at the plasma membranes facing the pericapillary space and at their transitional portions to the lateral plasma membranes than at the remaining lateral plasma membranes including microvilli. Activities of thiamine pyrophosphatase and inosine diphosphatase were detected on one or two layers of lamellae at the inner face of the Golgi apparatus, and the localization of the latter enzyme was more restricted than that of the former. Additionally, they were sometimes observed also on the blood capillary wall. Contrasted to these enzymes, acid phosphatase activity was demonstrated on the entire Golgi lamellae besides lysosomes, but not on multivesicular bodies, vacuolar bodies and storage granules.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localization of phosphatases in the rat parathyroid gland. 610 56

Tissue sections of lymph nodes, appendices and tonsils, together with smears of immunologically separated peripheral lymphoid cells from a B-CLL and lymphomatous cells from an immunocytoma were submitted to combined enzyme cytochemical investigations with acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), beta-glucuronidase (B-G), acid phosphatase (AcPh), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), a,d 5'nucleotidase (5'N). T-cells were Acph+, ATPase- and 5'N-. The vast majority of T- and B-cells displayed ANAE and B-G activities with two distinct staining patterns (T-like and B-like pattern). A high proportion of lymphoid cells in the germinal centre (G.C.) and the vast majority of lymphoid cells in the mantle-zone (M.Z.) were shown to belong to B-cell system because of the expression of ATPase and 5'N in their membranes. Some lymphoid cells positive for ANAE and B-G with a B-like pattern and for AcPh were recognizable in the G.C. In the M.Z. only a few lymphoid cells being ANAE+, with a T-like pattern, and AcPh+ were shown to belong to the T-cell system. In contrast, in this zone a high proportion of small lymphoid cells (64% +/- 10%) showed ANAE activity, mostly with B-like pattern. Therefore, these findings indicate that in the M.Z. a high proportion of B-cells ATPase+ and 5'N+ also display ANAE activity. By comparison of the results obtained from lymphoid tissue sections, B-CLL and immunocytoma cell suspensions and normal circulating lymphocytes we can conclude that B-ANAE-positive cells of the M.Z. do not usually appear in the peripheral blood. They circulate in large numbers only in some pathological conditions (like our reported B-CLL). Therefore, B-ANAE-positive lymphoid cells of the mantle, with a B-like staining pattern, include a wide range of subsets which exclude large lymphoid cells and plasma cells.
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PMID:Histochemical study on human germinal centre, mantle-zone and extra-follicular area lymphoid cell subpopulations. Immunological and cytochemical correlations with lymphomatous cells, peripheral normal and leukemic lymphocytes. 613 70

Lysosomal hydrolases (e.g., acid phosphatase, AcPase; adenosine triphosphatase, ATPase, and lipase) and the mitochondrial 'marker' enzyme succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) were evaluated histochemically in the prostate gland of sexually 'quiescent' and 'active' bats. During the former state, AcPase activity was significantly less than in sexually active animals, suggesting that prostate AcPase activity is androgen dependent. Levels of lipase activity also were highest in the prostate of sexually active bats, suggesting the importance of endogenous lipids which may be mobilized and used as a source of energy. SDH and ATPase sites and patterns of distribution in the prostate gland of bats were closely similar during the two reproductive states. Differential enzymological patterns do not seem to have any significant correlation with the morphological changes which occur in the glandular epithelium, musculature, urethra and the luminal fluid, as the animals pass from a 'quiescent' phase to one of activity and vice versa as observed in the present study.
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PMID:Histoenzymological comparison of the prostate gland of sexually 'quiescent' and 'active' Taphozous melanopogon melanopogon Temmnick (Microchiroptera: Mammalia). 621 18

Macrophage like cells expressing high concentrations of HLA-DR antigen have been identified in situ within the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The characteristics of these cells have been determined using immunohistological analysis and combined cytochemical techniques. It was found that the majority (greater than 80%) of these cells were interspersed within the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates occurring in the synovium. These cells did not stain with antisera against surface immunoglobulin or any Mc Abs to T lymphocyte markers. Further combined staining demonstrated that the HLA-DR + ve cells did stain with an anti-monocyte monoclonal (FMC-17), but could not be stained with a Mc Ab against C3b receptors. The interfacing of cytochemical reactions for acid phosphatase (ACP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) with immunofluorescence staining for HLA-DR demonstrated that these cells were ACP - ve ATPase + ve. This analysis led to the conclusion that the HLA-DR + ve cells found in abundance in the rheumatoid synovium expressed identical characteristics to the interdigitating cells of the normal lymph node paracortex. The possible significance of the presence of large numbers of such antigen presenting cells in the rheumatoid synovium is discussed.
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PMID:The involvement of interdigitating (antigen-presenting) cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. 622 Aug 47

Biopsies of normal kidneys taken at time of transplantation were studied using a variety of immunofluorescent and cytochemical techniques. A heterogeneous population of HLA-DR+ cells was found, mainly confined to the intertubular interstitium. The majority of these cells (80%) were positive when stained with a rabbit anti-factor VIII antiserum suggesting that they were endothelial cells. A minority however (20%) were factor VIII- but were positively stained with FMC17, a monoclonal antibody (McAb) directed against human monocyte/macrophage antigens. Positive staining of this subpopulation was also noted with RFD1, a McAb which reacts with an antigen on human interdigitating cells (ID cells). Cytochemical reactions revealed that these cells contain adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and acid phosphatase (ACP) and thus do not conform to the phenotype of tissue histiocytes. The phenotype of this latter population is identical with that of the ID cells found in tonsil, thymus and spleen and it is suggested that they play a major role in initiating the process of renal allograft rejection.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of HLA-DR+ cells in normal human kidney. Immunohistological and cytochemical characterisation of discrete cell populations. 622 51

Biopsy material of six patients with eosinophilic granuloma (EG) was investigated by electron microscopic and enzyme-histochemical methods for acid phosphatase (AcP), leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (LA), adenosine triphosphatase, and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (NE). Paraplast sections were used for demonstration of lysozyme with an immunoperoxidase method. Results of staining for these different enzymes suggested the existence of two separate sets of histiocytic cells: one type with "dot-like" AcP staining and negative for NE and lysozyme; and the other with diffuse AcP staining, positive for NE and lysozyme, and often showing signs of phagocytosis. The first type presumably represented Langerhans' cells and also often showed positive staining for LA. Macrophages were generally negative for LA. Electron microscopic study confirmed the impression gained from enzyme-histochemical studies. No intermediate cell types between Langerhans' cells and genuine macrophages were seen. From these results it is concluded that in EG no transformation exists between Langerhans' cells and macrophages. The latter are presumably of reactive nature.
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PMID:Langerhans' cells and macrophages in eosinophilic granuloma. An enzyme-histochemical, enzyme-cytochemical, and ultrastructural study. 623 17

In the cartilage epiphysis of newborn, 8-, 30-, and 60-day-old Sporague-Dawley rats, 5'-nucleotidase, adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were found. The main centre of activity of nearly all enzyme reactions is situated, with only small temporal differences in animals of all age groups in the middle and distal cells of the column cartilage, the proximal hypertrophic cells and the chondrocytes of the opening zone. The cells of the tangential layer in the articular cartilage of newborn and 8-day-old rats demonstrate 5'-nucleotidase activity.
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PMID:[Distribution and activities of enzymes in humeral epiphyses of albino rats of a specific age]. 625 91

A plasmid-encoded enzyme reported by us to phosphorylate amikacin in a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli has been localized in the bacterial cell. More than 88% of this amikacin phosphotransferase (APH) activity was retained in spheroplasts formed by ethylenediaminetetraacetate-lysozyme treatment of an APH-containing E. coli transconguant known to form spheroplasts readily. By comparison, the spheroplasts retained 94% of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I and 98% of glutamyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, two internal markers, whereas less than 10% of the activity of a periplasmic marker, acid phosphatase, was present in spheroplasts. Treatment of whole cells of the transconjugant with chemical probes incapable of crossing the plasma membrane obliterated acid phosphatase activity, whereas the internal markers deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I, glutamyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase, and beta-galactosidase were virtually unaffected after treatment for 5 min; more than 60% of the APH activity remained. As a control, similar chemical treatment of sonic extracts, in which enzymes were not protected by bacterial compartmentalization, produced more extensive reduction in the activities of all test enzymes, including APH. Spheroplasts preincubated with adenosine triphosphatase were shown by thin-layer chromatography to phosphorylate amikacin. Spheroplasts of cells grown in the presence of H(3) (32)PO(4) were shown to utilize internally generated adenosine 5'-triphosphate in the phosphorylation of amikacin. The absence of (32)P-phosphorylated amikacin after incubation of [gamma-(32)P]adenosine 5'-triphosphate with spheroplasts confirmed that exogenous adenosine 5'-triphosphate was not used in the reaction. These results suggest an internal location for APH. This conclusion has implications for the role of such enzymes in aminoglycoside resistance of gram-negative bacteria.
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PMID:Localization of an amikacin 3'-phosphotransferase in Escherichia coli. 626 7

Histoenzymological study of acid phosphatase (GP-AI), 5-nucleotidase (AMP-A), adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-A) and beta-galactosidase (GLAC-A) of the metencephalon of turtle shows a pattern of distribution of enzymes similar to amphibians and mammalian metencephalon which provides indication of homology of the nuclei and tracts such as nucleus raphe, nuclei cerebelli fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, commissura ansulata and internal arcuate fibers. The nerve fibers, tracts and commissures demonstrate strong activity of GLAC-A as demonstrated in frog and bat by the author in previous studies.
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PMID:Chemoarchitectonics of metencephalon of Testudo elegant. 626 93


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