Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20020 (adenosine triphosphatase)
 3,299 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas from the nasopharynx of two children were examined by histochemical methods commonly applied to muscle biopsies. These stains included nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), PAS, PAS-diastase, myophosphorylase, calcium-mediated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) preincubated at high and low pH, and oil red O. Myofibrils were easily identified with ATPase and blood vessel walls were also stained. NADH-TR clearly showed longitudinal and cross-striations that were not seen with H&E or PTAH stains. The modified Gomori trichrome stain additionally contributed to the recognition of myofibrils. Some techniques of muscle histochemistry applied to fresh frozen sections of tumor tissue may provide evidence of muscular differentiation in otherwise poorly differentiated sarcomas for a more accurate diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of histochemistry in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. 9 52

Between birth and 10 days the mean growth rate of peroneus longus motor end plates was 0-298 mum/day. A similar rate was found in seven other muscles from different anatomical regions. At birth, sartorius spindles contained three types of intrafusal myofibres; (i) large diameter with conspicuously strong acid-stable, and moderate or strong alkali-stable adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) reactions; (ii) large diameter with weak or negligible acid-stable and alkali-stable ATPase; (iii) small diameter with weak or negligible acid-stable, and strong alkali-stable ATPase. All had a high mitochondrial enzyme content and positive PAS reaction. With the exception of some large diameter fibres, all reacted positively for phosphorylase. The frequency distribution of diameters was unimodal at birth but by 9 or 10 days was bimodal.
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PMID:Growth of motor end plates and histochemistry of intrafusal myofibres in neonatal piglets. 12 8

Muscle samples were obtained from the gastrocnemius of 17 female and 23 male track athletes, 10 untrained women, and 11 untrained men. Portions of the specimen were analyzed for total phosphorylase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. Sections of the muscle were stained for myosin adenosine triphosphatase, NADH2 tetrazolium reductase, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured on a treadmill for 23 of the volunteers (6 female athletes, 11 male athletes, 10 untrained women, and 6 untrained men). These measurements confirm earlier reports which suggest that the athlete's preference for strength, speed, and/or endurance events is in part a matter of genetic endowment. Aside from differences in fiber composition and enzymes among middle-distance runners, the only distinction between the sexes was the larger fiber areas of the male athletes. SDH activity was found to correlate 0.79 with VO2max, while muscle LDH appeared to be a function of muscle fiber composition. While sprint- and endurance-trained athletes are characterized by distinct fiber compositions and enzyme activities, participants in strength events (e.g., shot-put) have relatively low muscle enzyme activities and a variety of fiber compositions.
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PMID:Skeletal muscle enzymes and fiber composition in male and female track athletes. 12 49

The histochemical profiles of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase (NADDase), and phosphorylase (Pase) activities were studied in the respiratory muscles of the chicken. Most respiratory muscles contained fibers exhibiting 18 possible combinations of staining reactions (dark or light ATPase; dark, intermediate, or light NADDase; dark, intermediate, or light Pase). Fibers that stained light for ATPase constituted as little as 10% of the total population in rectus abdominis, but as much as 32% of the total in costosternalis pars major. Those fibers did not tend to be smaller than fibers that stained dark for ATPase in the respiratory muscles as a group. Assuming these staining characteristics are correlated with functional properties of the fibers, as they are in mammals, the majority of the fibers should contract rapidly (dark ATPase) and be fatigue resistant (dark and intermediate NADDase).
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PMID:Histochemical studies of respiratory muscles of chicken. 14 96

Changes in succinic dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, and phosphorylase activities occurred in masseter muscle by 15 minutes following injection of 2% lidocaine. Abolishment of phosphorylase activity suggested an effect on the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Increased staining for succinic dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activities suggested damage to mitochondria and myofibrils, respectively. Leucine aminopeptidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities appeared in macrophages.
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PMID:Degenerative changes in masseter muscle following injection of lidocaine: a histochemical study. 14 69

Histochemical profiles of individual muscle fibres were established using myosin adenosine triphosphatase (myosin ATPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHase), and glycogen phosphorylase (GPase) reactions in three muscles (semitendinosus, diaphragm, and pectoralis transversus) of the horse and dog. The major histochemical difference between fibres lies in their myosin ATPase activity; fibres can be subdivided into those with a high and those with a low activity. In horse muscle, all fibres have a high activity of GPase. In the diaphragm and pectoralis transversus, all fibres have a high SDHase activity, but fibres with a low activity of SDHase are also present in samples of the semitendinosus. In dog muscle, all fibres have a high SDHase activity; myosin ATPase low-reacting fibres also have a low activity of GPase. There is a greater fractional area of myosin ATPase high-reacting fibres in the pectoralis transversus and semitendinosus of thoroughbred horses and greyhounds (breeds selected for high speed running) and in the diaphragm of greyhounds. In adults this feature does not appear to be due to training, as are the differences in aerobic and anaerobic capacity (shown in other studies). The preponderance of myosin Atpase high-reacting fibres suggests that there may be differences in the nervous systems of athletes and non-athletes. It is concluded that the proportions of fibre types in muscles are related to the functions of muscles and of their parts. No sex differences or detraining effects were apparent, although the value for the proportion of fibre types (as differentiated by the myosin ATPase reaction) in the limb muscles of thoroughbred crosses lies between those of thoroughbreds and non-thoroughbreds.
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PMID:Differences in the histochemical properties of skeletal muscles of different breeds of horses and dogs. 15 95

1. Serial sections of flexor digitorum longus muscle (f.d.l.) of the cat were examined histochemically for four enzyme systems: adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) with alkaline and acid pre-incubation, phosphorylase and succinic dehydrogenase (SDHase).2. The number of types into which fibres should be divided was assessed by estimating enzyme reaction intensity from measurements of light transmission through photomicrographs. It was concluded that in general the enzyme reaction intensities of fibres were distributed continuously. However, the distribution histograms showed two (phosphorylase and SDHase) or three (acid and alkaline ATPase) clear peaks. Eighteen combinations of reaction intensities (profiles) were seen of which eight were very rare. The distribution of profiles differed between individuals but were similar in right and left muscles.3. Areas of fibres were measured from muscles which had been fixed at the length at which twitch tension was maximal. The variance in fibre area with any one profile was significantly less than the variance in fibre area of all fibres within a muscle. There were significant differences between the mean areas of fibres with different profiles.4. If only three enzyme reactions are considered (acid and alkaline ATPase and phosphorylase) the majority of fibres fall into one of the three classes commonly accepted for other muscles. The remainder would fit into this classification with the minimal assumption of only one error of fibre typing resulting from the continuous distributions of enzyme reaction intensities. The SDHase reaction was not strongly correlated with the three classes and could be used to divide the fibres further into six groups. Differences between means of fibre areas were significant for all pairs out of these six groups except one.5. The grouping may be considered to reflect a dual system of enzymes, the two systems being (a) ATPases and phosphorylase, (b) SDHase. A possible role of nervous activity in determining this dual system is discussed. The hypothesis involves two partly independent characteristics of motoneuronal activity: (a) the frequency of impulses, and (b) the total number of impulses.6. The measurements are correlated with other physiological variables in the individual animals. The mean areas of fibres in all groups increased with body weight. There were changes in the proportions of light and dark SDHase fibres related to weight. The total area contributed by dark alkaline ATPase fibres decreased and that by intermediate alkaline ATPase fibres increased with increasing twitch time to peak.7. Specific tension of the group of slower muscle fibres in f.d.l. was estimated to be 0.29 N.mm(-2) compared with 0.39 N.mm(-2) for the faster fibres.
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PMID:Histochemical reactions of fibres in a fast twitch muscle of the cat. 15 59

Histochemical and ultrastructural properties of myoid cells in the thymus of the frog were investigated and compared with properties of skeletal muscle fibres. The histochemical reactions of phospholipids, phosphorylase, succinic dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activities in myoid cells were characterized by considerable variability. Individual myoid cells apparently possess different enzyme activities which correspond to different stages of development, maturity and degeneration of these cells. The mature mononucleated myoid cells have similar enzymatic properties to the fast muscle fibres of the frog. This finding has been extended by ultrastructural observations. Features, typical of fast muscle fibres of the frog, e.g. the presence of the M-line, straight and narrow Z-line and well developed triads were found in the majority of mature myoid cells.
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PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural properties of myoid cells in the thymus of the frog. 15 83

The serratus metapatagialis (SMP) muscle of the pigeon has been studied histochemically and ultrastructurally. At the gross anatomical level the SMP is clearly divisible into a peripheral whitish band and a red portion comprised predominantly of 'pale' and 'red' fibres respectively. The pale fibres possess low succinate dehydrogenase, low mitochondrial content, absence of subsarcolemmal mitochondrial aggregates, low fat, moderate glycogen, high phosphorylase, low-to-moderate regular myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (M-ATPase), activation of M-ATPase following acid preincubation and jagged Z bands. On the basis of these characteristics, these physiologically slow muscle fibres have been termed 'Type I white or slow-twitch glycolytic'. The SMP red fibres, however, possess high aerobic as well as glycolytic capacity, high M-ATPase activity which is labile after acid preincubation and thick but straight Z bands; therefore, they are the 'Type II red or fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic'.
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PMID:Histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of a new muscle fibre type in avian striated muscle. 15 9

Biopsy specimens from the gastrocnemius or rectus femoris muscle of 20 patients with intermittent claudication were studied using fresh frozen cryostat sections and histochemical reactions for adenosine triphosphatase, nicotinamide adenine nucleotide dehydrogenase reductase and phosphorylase and modified Gomori trichrome staining. Neuropathic changes, such as fibertype grouping and small group atrophy, were present to some extent in all of the biopsy specimens. Myogenic muscle changes such as necrosis and phagocytosis were seen in approximately one third and various forms of myofibrillar disorganization in approximately two thirds of the specimens. The amount and size of the type I aerobic fibers increased with the increasing severity of the ischemic disease.
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PMID:Histochemical changes in striated muscle in patients with intermittent claudication. 57 9


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