Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P20020 (adenosine triphosphatase)
 3,299 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The functional morphology, topography and frequency of Langerhans cells (LCs), which are significant factors in the pathogenesis of contact allergic dermatitis (CAD), were studied by histoenzymatic methods (adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-ase), acid phosphatase (AF) and alpha naphtylacetate esterase (ANAE), immunohistochemical methods (indirect immunoperoxidase (IPO) with the monoclonal antibody OKT 6), and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method with the polyclonal S-100 antibody in skin biopsies of 24 patients with CAD, as well in skin biopsies in experimental models in guinea pigs. The results confirmed the significant role of LCs in the pathogenesis of contact allergic dermatitis.
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PMID:Langerhans cells in the immunopathology of contact allergic dermatitis. 753 27

During allergic disease, leucocytes infiltrate the affected tissues and release their mediators and cytokines. In this way, the local inflammatory process is induced and maintained. Basophilic granulocytes have been demonstrated in lung and sputum of allergic asthmatics, in nasal mucosa and secretion of allergic rhinitis patients, and in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis patients. The number of basophils correlates with the severity of the disease. Analysis of mediator profiles and cellular contents of lavages of nose, skin and lung during allergic late-phase reactions (LPR) have demonstrated histamine, but not tryptase or prostaglandin D2. The histamine-containing cells have been characterized as basophilic granulocytes. This indicates that infiltrating basophils but not mast cells are activated and release their inflammatory contents in the LPR. We are interested in the cellular mechanisms that determine the degranulation of basophils during LPR. Basophil activators, such as allergens and activated complement, are not present at these sites. However, cytokines that prime basophils but do not induce degranulation, such as interleukin-5 (IL-5) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have been detected at sites of LPR. We have now observed that after emptying intracellular Ca2+ stores by means of the Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) inhibitor, thapsigargin, basophils become extremely sensitive to stimuli that do not affect the Ca2+ stores themselves but that induce degranulation, such as the phorbolester, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). The most interesting finding was that although both thapsigargin and IL-3, IL-5 or GM-CSF do not induce basophil degranulation by themselves, a 2 min preincubation of basophils with thapsigargin followed by addition of one of these cytokines resulted in extensive histamine release: IL-3 induced 71 +/- 7% histamine release (conc1/2max 6 pM), IL-5 induced 43 +/- 8% histamine release (conc1/2max 41 pM) and GM-CSF induced 57 +/- 10% histamine release (conc1/2max 140 pM). Interestingly, the effect of thapsigargin could be mimicked by platelet-activating factor (PAF) (range 10(-9) to 10(-6) M), although to a lesser extent. Our results indicate that basophil degranulation in tissues during late-phase reactions might be caused by a combination of mediators or cytokines depleting Ca2+ stores, as platelet-activating factor or thapsigargin do, concurrent with activation by interleukin-3, interleukin-5 or granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The response of the basophils towards these cytokines might also be influenced by cell adhesion events, such as binding of basophils via integrins. This is the subject of further study.
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PMID:The role of basophils in allergic disease. 887 Oct 57

This paper describes our own findings on the role of Langerhans' cells in dermatology and discusses literature data on their detection in seven different dermatoses. The skin is an integral part of immune system. During the past 30 years, increasing evidence has been accumulated that the skin contains cellular elements which are needed for the initiation and expression of immune response. Langerhans' cells (LCs) are dendritic cells originating in the bone marrow. They reside mainly within stratified squamous epithelia and constitute approximately 2-4% of epithelial cells. LCs are epidermal antigen presenting cells which play a crucial role in allergic contact hypersensitivity, viral diseases, graft versus host disease and elimination of neo-plastic cell clones. They express antigens conjugated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II positive molecules on their surfaces for presentation to T-helper lymphocytes. LCs cannot be identified in routinely prepared histologic testing but can be visualised at the light microscope level by histochemical and immunologic techniques. Appropriate methods for the detection of Langerhans' cells in dermatology (also shown by our own experience) are histoenzymatic methods of adenosintriphosphatase (ATP-ase), acid phosphatase (AP), alpha-naphthylacetatesterase (ANAE and peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry method with polyclonal S-100 protein antibody (PAP). LCs are the only cells in normal skin with ATP-ase activity. Histoenzymatic methods used in patients with atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides, Behcet's disease, lichen ruber planus, psoriasis vulgaris, irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis demonstrated LSs in epidermis and dermis. ANAE and AP showed concordance and were suitable histochemical markers for LC distribution and macrophages in the dermis in mycosis fungoides, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris, irritant chronic dermatitis and Bechet's disease. Our experience of the human skin showed a strong activity of calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase in LCs. LCs in the guinea pig skin can be demonstrated by Mg++ and Ca++ activated adenosine triphosphatase, but a stronger activity of Ca++ activated adenosine triphosphatase in LCs after irritation. Ca++ ATP-ase as an indicator of energy-dependent pump is the reflection of intracellular calcium level, which is a significant factor for regulating the growth and metabolism of the cells. LCs are found as target cells during the efferent phase of contact allergic reaction. Immunohistochemical methods, define the role of LCs in dermatology more precisely and allow complete immunologic recognition within the epidermis.
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PMID:[Identification of Langerhans cells in dermatology]. 1528 65