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Query: UNIPROT:P17931 (galectin-3)
 2,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cDNA encoding the Mac-2 antigen, a surface marker highly expressed by thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, has been cloned by immunoscreening of a lambda gt11-P388D1 expression library. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA is identical to that of carbohydrate-binding protein 35, a galactose-specific lectin found in fibroblasts and highly homologous to a rat IgE-binding protein from basophilic leukemia cells. The in vitro synthesized Mac-2 protein displayed the expected carbohydrate- and IgE-binding properties. By pulse-chase analysis and subcellular fractionation studies, the Mac-2 protein was found in the cytosol but was also seen to accumulate in the extracellular medium. The latter finding was surprising in view of the fact that the cDNA did not encode a signal peptide or transmembrane domain. An alternatively spliced cDNA with the potential to encode a NH2 terminally extended Mac-2 protein with a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids at its NH2 terminus was also found, but it is not clear whether it is the source of the extracellular Mac-2. Possible functions for the Mac-2 protein based on its lectin- and IgE-binding properties are discussed.
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PMID:The Mac-2 antigen is a galactose-specific lectin that binds IgE. 258 31

The study reported here was performed to find out whether changes in the number of mycobacteria in various organs of BCG-infected mice can be related to changes in the phenotype of monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes in the blood, various tissues, and peritoneal cavity and to the formation of granulomas in the spleen, liver and lungs. The relative amounts of various antigens on the leukocytes were assessed semi-quantitatively after immunocytochemical detection of the binding of monoclonal antibodies. Granuloma formation was determined after immunocytochemical staining of cells in sections of liver and lung tissue with a monoclonal antibody against the common leukocyte antigen and in sections of the spleen with a monoclonal antibody against the Mac-2 antigen. The results showed that during the first week of infection the number of BCG in spleen, liver and lungs declined considerably. Multiplication of mycobacteria during the second week of infection was associated with decreased expression of antigen F4/80 and increased expression of Ia antigen and Mac-2 antigen by blood monocytes and macrophages. Reduction of the numbers of BCG in the spleen and liver during the third week after i.v. injection of BCG and in lungs during the fourth week of the infection was found to be correlated with the degree of granuloma formation in these organs. After intravenous injection of killed BCG no changes were observed in the phenotype of monocytes and the macrophages in spleen, liver, lungs and peritoneal cavity. These mice showed considerably less granuloma formation than BCG-infected mice. The present results indicate that live but not killed mycobacteria induce macrophage activation.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical analysis of cellular responses to BCG. 264 84

Murine myelogenous leukemias can be classified into several distinct subgroups based on morphology, cytochemical staining, and immunoreactivity. The leukemias invariably involve the spleen and the extent of infiltration into other tissues is variable. The myelogenous nature of the leukemia is readily apparent in well-differentiated leukemias on the basis of morphology; with poorly differentiated leukemias, positive staining with chloroacetate esterase, nonspecific esterase, and certain monoclonal antibodies such as Mac-1, is helpful to establish myelogenous differentiation. Subgrouping of myelogenous leukemias depends on the presence or absence of monocytic differentiation, as ascertained by staining with Mac-2, electron microscopy or phagocytosis. Leukemias showing no monocytic differentiation can be classified as myeloblastic, corresponding to the FAB M1 and M2 subtypes in humans. Leukemias exhibiting both monocytic and granulocytic features are myelomonocytic, corresponding to the FAB M4 subtype. Tumors with only monocyte differentiation arise primarily as solid tumors in mice, and a leukemic phase is variable.
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PMID:The pathology of murine myelogenous leukemias. 265 81

Myeloid progenitor cells and macrophages derived from bone marrow and spleen were efficiently transformed in vitro by infection with Moloney-based retroviral vectors carrying a human c-myc gene. Infected cells were plated in agar in the presence of combinations of the murine lymphokines CSF-1, IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-1. Between 20% and 100% of the colony-forming cells in the initial bone marrow or spleen population could be infected and gave rise to drug-resistant colonies. A large fraction of the infected cells showed continued proliferation after transfer to liquid media and we have derived over 200 growth factor-dependent cell lines. These include adherent and non-adherent CSF-1 or GM-CSF dependent macrophages and macrophage precursors and cell lines which require complex combinations of growth factors for optimal growth. Each of the cell lines displays a unique pattern of expression of surface markers specific for the myeloid lineage including the Mac-1, Mac-2, Mac-3, Ser-4 and F4/80 antigens. Surface markers not specifically associated with the myeloid lineage such as the MHC class II antigens and the Fc-receptor; and surface markers normally associated with the B-cell and T-cell lineages such as B220, L3T4 and Thy1.2 are also found on these cell lines.
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PMID:Transformation of growth factor-dependent myeloid stem cells with retroviral vectors carrying c-myc. 266 72

The responsiveness of enterocytes to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) was studied in the small intestine of 6- to 7-week-old rats. Dose-effect analysis showed the dose required for a 50% maximal LT-induced secretory response to be at 8 nM. After the well-documented glycolipid GM1 receptor was blocked with the cholera toxin B subunit, LT still activated the second messenger cascade, measured in terms of heightened cellular adenylate cyclase activity, and caused fluid to be secreted into ligated intestinal loops. Furthermore, Scatchard analysis of binding kinetics suggested that LT bound to two receptor sites on the intestinal microvillus membrane. The toxin also bound to delipidated membrane but was competitively inhibited by a galactose-specific lectin, RCA60, suggesting that the additional receptor is a galactoglycoprotein. Western blot analysis of toxin binding to membrane proteins revealed a group of binding components around 85 to 150 kilodaltons. When measured at 2.2 nM LT, approximately 70% of LT-binding activity took place through a high-affinity (Kd1, 0.38 nM) GM1 receptor and 30% of LT-binding activity took place through a low-affinity (Kd2, 3.3 nM) glycoprotein receptor. These results suggest that LT functions through two microvillus membrane receptors in the mature rat small intestine.
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PMID:Host response to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin via two microvillus membrane receptors in the rat intestine. 267 13

There are no differences in the multinucleate cell formation in normal and athymic mice after the subcutaneous implantation of a cellophane strip. The number of Ia+ epitheloid cells and multinucleate foreign body giant cells was lower and the number of epitheloid cells sharing the marker of activated macrophages (M 57) was higher in athymic compared to normal mice. The epitheloid cells of athymic and euthymic animals exhibited no difference in the expression of Mac-2 molecule. The difference of the expression of surface markers between athymic and euthymic animals does not influence the foreign body giant cell formation.
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PMID:Foreign body reaction against cellophane in the athymic nude mice. 267 51

A galactose-specific lectin, recently described by our laboratory, is immunologically demonstrable on the surface of neoplastic cells derived from patients with Hodgkin's disease. This Hodgkin's lectin is shown to be functionally and antigenically related to the galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin of the hepatocyte (HBP). Poly- and monoclonal antibodies against either the cytoplasmic tail or the cell-surface binding site of HBP recognize the Hodgkin's lectin as a 55 Kd protein. Expression of the 55 Kd antigen appears to be restricted to Hodgkin's disease involved tissues and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The putative identification of the Hodgkin's lectin as an ectosialyltransferase unique to Hodgkin's cells is supported by inhibition of enzymatic activity by anti-HBP antibodies. Cultured Hodgkin's cells, in analogy to purified HBP, agglutinate T-lymphocytes mediated by the Hodgkin's lectin. This cell-to-cell interaction results in the incorporation of sialic acid into lymphocyte surface asialoglycans as well as in the stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation. The function of the Hodgkin's lectin as lymphocyte agglutinant in vitro suggests its role as an immunomodulator contributing to the immunodeficiencies associated with Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:A marker and putative pathoantigen of Hodgkin's cells. 269 Feb 34

Carbohydrate Binding Protein 35 (CBP35) is a galactose-specific lectin found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. In these cultures, the level of expression and nuclear localization of CBP35 was correlated with the proliferative state of the cells. CBP35 is also found in human fibroblasts. We have compared the expression and localization of CBP35 in human fibroblasts of different replicative capacities: young (passage 11), intermediate (passage 19), and old (passage 33) SL66 cells, and fibroblasts derived from a patient with Werner's syndrome. The results indicate that the expression of CBP35 in cells with either age-acquired or congenital replicative deficiencies was unresponsive to serum stimulation, in contrast with that found in young normal human fibroblasts and in 3T3 cells.
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PMID:Expression of carbohydrate binding protein 35 in human fibroblasts: comparisons between cells with different proliferative capacities. 269 16

A full-length cDNA for a 14K-type human lung beta-galactoside-binding lectin was cloned. The cDNA includes a 405 bp open reading frame coding 135 amino acids including the initiator methionine, and having a single internal EcoRI site and a polyadenylation signal. The deduced amino-acid sequence agreed completely with the sequence of a human placenta lectin determined by direct amino-acid sequence analysis (Hirabayashi, J. and Kasai, K. (1988) J. Biochem. 104, 1-4). It showed extensive sequence similarity with other vertebrate 14K-type lectins and a 35K-type lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein 35) of mouse 3T3 cell. Search of a Genbank sequence data base revealed significant sequence similarity between the beta-galactoside-binding lectins and the carboxyl-terminal half of an IgE-binding protein, the cDNA of which has been cloned from rat basophilic leukemia cells. Thus, 14K-type lectin, 35K-type lectin and IgE-binding protein appeared to form a superfamily of proteins. Almost all invariant residues are located in the central region of the 14K-type lectins, so this region may constitute an essential part of the lectins, such as the sugar-binding domain.
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PMID:Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA for human 14 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin. 271 64

The phenotypic heterogeneity of tumor cell-surface galactose expression within a cell population may dictate metastatic potential. The hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor, whose known function is to bind to terminal galactose residues of desialylated glycoproteins and effete cells, may participate in the arrest and subsequent growth of subpopulations of tumor cells with high galactose expression. To test this hypothesis, murine colon carcinoma cells (CT-26) were sorted, using the galactose-specific lectin, soybean agglutinin (SBA), and fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) technology, into two subpopulations--one low in surface galactose and one high in surface galactose. After intrasplenic injection of tumor cell subpopulations, liver metastasis was found to be proportional to the degree of tumor cell-surface galactose expression. These data suggest that tumor galactose expression and hepatic recognition may be important components of a specific mechanism of colorectal liver metastasis.
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PMID:Tumor cell-surface galactose correlates with the degree of colorectal liver metastasis. 273 19


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