Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17931 (galectin-3)
 2,860 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetics have at least twice the risk of stroke and may show performance deficit in a wide range of cognitive domains. The mechanisms underlying this gradually developing end-organ damage may involve both vascular changes and direct damage to neuronal cells as a result of overproduction of superoxide by the respiratory chain and consequent oxidative stress. The study aimed to assess the role of oxidative stress on the aldose reductase-polyol pathway, on advanced glycated end-product (AGE)/AGE-receptor interaction, and on downstream signaling in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-treated rats. Data show that, in diabetic rats, levels of prooxidant compounds increase, whereas levels of antioxidant compounds fall. Receptor for AGE and galectin-3 content and polyol flux increase, whereas glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is impaired. Moreover, nuclear factor kappaB (p65) transcription factor levels and S-100 protein are increased in the hippocampus cytosol, suggesting that oxidative stress triggers the cascade of events that finally leads to neuronal damage. Dehydroepiandrosterone, the most abundant hormonal steroid in the blood, has been reported to possess antioxidant properties. When dehydroepiandrosterone was administered to diabetic rats, the improved oxidative imbalance and the marked reduction of AGE receptors paralleled the reduced activation of nuclear factor kappaB and the reduction of S-100 levels, reinforcing the suggestion that oxidative stress plays a role in diabetes-related neuronal damage.
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PMID:Up-regulation of advanced glycated products receptors in the brain of diabetic rats is prevented by antioxidant treatment. 1616 20

The objective of this work was to investigate whether proteomic analysis of thymoma cells treated with the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) as compared to non-treated (control) cells would reveal differential protein expression, and thus would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of its toxicity. For that purpose the mouse thymoma cell line EL4 was exposed to 0.5 microM DON for 6 hr. A total of 30 proteins were affected after exposure of EL4 cells to DON. Most of these proteins were up-regulated and included key metabolic enzymes (e.g., fatty acid synthase, aldose reductase, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase), chaperones (e.g., HSP9AB1 and HSP70), enzymes implicated in protein folding (PDI and ERO1-l alpha), and proteins involved in protein degradation (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E1) and proteasome subunit alpha type-1). In addition, an IgE-binding protein with a molecular weight of 60 kDa and My-binding protein 1a (MYBBP1A), a transcription factor, were found to be up-regulated by DON. The observed up-regulation of MYBBP1A, a known repressor of a number of transcription factors such as PGC-1 alpha, C-myb, and p65 of the NF-kappaB family, suggests that this protein might play a role in the mechanism of DON toxicity.
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PMID:Protein expression profiling of mouse thymoma cells upon exposure to the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON): implications for its mechanism of action. 2067 43

Hyperglycemia can cause several abnormalities in liver cells, including diabetic liver disease. Previous research has shown that high blood glucose levels can damage liver cells through glycoxidation. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of high blood glucose on the development of diabetic liver disease have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we cultured a liver cell line (Chang liver cell) in mannitol-balanced 5.5 mM, 25 mM and 100 mM d-glucose media and evaluated protein expression and redox regulation. We identified 141 proteins that showed significant changes in protein expression and 29 proteins that showed significant changes in thiol reactivity, in response to high glucose concentration. Several proteins involved in transcription-control, signal transduction, redox regulation and cytoskeleton regulation showed significant changes in expression, whereas proteins involved in protein folding and gene regulation displayed changes in thiol reactivity. Further analyses of clinical plasma specimens confirmed that the proteins AKAP8L, galectin-3, PGK 1, syntenin-1, Abin 2, aldose reductase, CD63, GRP-78, GST-pi, RXR-gamma, TPI and vimentin showed type 2 diabetic liver disease-dependent alterations. In summary, in this study we used a comprehensive hepatocyte-based proteomic approach to identify changes in protein expression and to identify redox-associated diabetic liver disease markers induced by high glucose concentration. Some of the identified proteins were validated with clinical samples and are presented as potential targets for the prognosis and diagnosis of diabetic liver disease.
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PMID:High glucose-induced proteome alterations in hepatocytes and its possible relevance to diabetic liver disease. 2401 24