Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The protective effect of dietary L-glutamine against the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine (GaIN) was investigated by model experiments with rats. Rats fed with 20% casein diets containing 10% free amino acids were injected with GaIN, and the serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and the hepatic glycogen content were assayed 20 hours after the injection. These enzyme activities in the group fed with 10% L-glutamine diet for 8 days were lower than those in the groups fed with the control, 10% L-glutamic acid and 10% L-alanine diets for 8 days. The more prolonged the feeding period with the 10% L-glutamine diet was, the more the serum activity levels of such enzymes were decreased. Although neomycin also lowered these enzyme activities, its simultaneous ingestion with neomycin did not show any additive or synergistic effect. The hepatic glycogen content in the 10% glutamine group still remained high after the GaIN treatment. It is therefore assumed that the effectiveness of glutamine intake would have been mediated by glycogen metabolism rather than by uridine metabolism.
 ...
PMID:Effect of dietary L-glutamine on the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine in rats. 898 89

Nickel sulfate (2.0 mg/100 g.b.wt) dissolved in double-distilled water was administered (i.p.) on alternate days for ten doses to normal protein-fed and protein-restricted Wister strain albino rats (b.wt. 160 +/- 5 g). Two groups were used: one with normal protein diet, whereas the other with protein-restricted diet served as control. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. Tissues such as the testes, seminal vesicles, epididymis (Cauda and Caput) and prostate were dissected out, wiped clean, and stored at -20 degrees C until analysis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activities, glycogen content, cholesterol content, and total protein content of the testes were estimated. Nickel sulfate administration significantly decreased the body weight of both normal protein-fed and protein-restricted groups of animals; the organ weights were also decreased. Significant decrease of LDH activity was observed, but GOT activity was not altered significantly. Testicular glycogen and cholesterol increased significantly in both experimental groups, but total protein content decreased. Nickel sulfate seems to have an adverse effect on the male reproductive system in both groups of animals fed with normal protein (18% casein) diet and protein restricted (5% casein) diet.
 ...
PMID:Alteration of testicular biochemistry during protein restriction in nickel treated rats. 949 62

The effects of dietary oligosaccharides on the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine (GalN) were investigated in this study. Male Wistar rats fed with 20% casein diets containing 10% oligosaccharide or D-galactose (Gal) for 2 weeks were injected with GalN (1,900 mg/kg of body weight), and the plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and the hepatic glycogen concentration were examined 20 hours after the injection. The plasma AST and ALT activities in experiment 1 for the Gal + neomycin (NEO) group were significantly lower than those for the control (C), NEO, raffinose (RAF) + NEO and galacto-oligosaccharide (GA-LO) + NEO groups. In experiment 2, these activities were significantly lower in the Gal, Gal + NEO and RAF groups than in the RAF + NEO group when the groups were treated with GalN. On the other hand, in respect of the hepatic glycogen concentration in experiment 1, that of the Gal + NEO group was higher than that of the C, NEO, RAF + NEO or GALO + NEO groups. In experiment 2, this parameter was significantly higher in the Gal, Gal + NEO and RAF groups than in the RAF + NEO group after the GalN treatment. As a result, it is suggested that the GalN-hepatitis-suppressive effects of indigestible oligosaccharides such as RAF or GALO is mediated by the action of intestinal bacteria.
 ...
PMID:Effect of indigestible oligosaccharides on the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine in rats. 975 56

The protective effects of various kinds of dietary amino acids against the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine (GalN) were examined. Male Wistar rats fed with 20% casein diets containing 10% or 5% amino acid for one week were injected with GalN (800 mg/kg body weight), and the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, the hepatic glycogen concentration, and the serum glucose-level were examined 20 hours after the injection. In the groups with the 10% amino acid diets, activities of AST, ALT, and LDH in serum of 10% L-glutamine (Gln), 10% L-asparagine (Asn), and 10% L-serine (Ser) groups were significantly lower than those of the control group, and in the groups with the 5% amino acid diets, those activities of 5% L-histidine (His), 5% L-tyrosine (Tyr), 5% L-lysine (Lys), and 5% L-glycine (Gly) groups were also lower than those of the control group. The concentration of liver glycogen of 10% Gln-, 10% Asn-, and 10% Ser- groups and those levels of 5% His-, 5% Tyr-, 5% Lys-, and 5% Gly-groups were also significantly higher than that of the control group. As a result, it was found that some kinds of dietary amino acid such as L-Ser, L-Asn, L-His, L-Lys, L-Tyr, and L-Gly, in addition to L-Gln were effective to protect the rats from GalN-induced injury.
 ...
PMID:Effects of various kinds of dietary amino acids on the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine in rats. 1019 13

In this paper, we examined the effects of dietary protein from proso millet on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine or carbon tetrachloride in rats using serum enzyme activities as indices. D-galactosamine-induced elevations of serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly suppressed by feeding the diet containing 20% protein of proso millet for 14 days as compared with those of rats fed a 20% casein diet, but not in the case of carbon tetrachloride. The results showed that proso millet protein is effective at lower dietary protein levels than that of dietary gluten reported previously. Therefore, the findings reported here may suggest that proso millet protein is considered to be another preventive food for liver injury.
 ...
PMID:Effects of dietary protein of proso millet on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine in rats. 1186 25

Effects of dietary protein type on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitis, as assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, were investigated in D-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized rats. The plasma ALT and AST activities in rats fed on 25% soybean protein isolate (SPI) diet were significantly suppressed to about 1/4 and 1/5 of the values in rats fed on 25% casein diet, respectively, 8 h after the injection of LPS + GalN. Although hepatic ALT and AST activities of normal rats were also lower in the SPI group than in the casein group, this could not explain the differences in plasma enzyme activities between the two groups. The hepatic glutathione concentration of normal rats was lower in the SPI group than in the casein group, but it was reversed in rats injected with drugs. The results suggest that SPI can protect animals from LPS + GalN-induced hepatitis, and that the hepatic glutathione level may participate in the effects of SPI.
 ...
PMID:Differential effects of dietary casein and soybean protein isolate on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis in D-galactosamine-sensitized rats. 1245 Jan 39

The hepatoprotective effects of whey protein on two injections of D-galactosamine (300 mg/kg, i.p.) were investigated in rats fed a modified AIN-93M diet formulated with a protein source of casein or whey for 16 d. The whey protein-containing diet clearly suppressed an increase in plasma alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity, lactate dehydrogenase and bilirubin, which are hepatitis markers, and also hyaluronic acid, a fibrosis marker. In addition, it suppressed histopathological signs of portal fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, and perivenular sclerosis. These results suggest that supplementation with whey protein can help prevent the development of hepatitis and portal fibrosis.
 ...
PMID:Hepatoprotective effects of whey protein on D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis and liver fibrosis in rats. 1671 38

Casein-based diets containing a low (LDI) or high (HDI) dose of soya protein concentrate enriched with isoflavones were fed to obese Zucker rats for 6 weeks. HDI feeding, but not LDI feeding, reduced the fatty liver and decreased the plasma levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase. This was accompanied by increased activities of mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in liver and increased triacylglycerol level in plasma. The decreased fatty liver and the increased plasma triacylglycerol level appeared not to be caused by an increased secretion of VLDL, as HDI decreased the hepatic mRNA levels of apo B and arylacetamide deacetylase. However, the gene expression of VLDL receptor was markedly decreased in liver, but unchanged in epididymal white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rats fed HDI, indicating that the liver may be the key organ for the reduced clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from plasma after HDI feeding. The n-3/n-6, 20:4n-6/18:2n-6 and (20:5n-3+22:6n-3)/18:3n-3 ratios were increased in liver triacylglycerol by HDI. The phospholipids in liver of rats fed HDI contained a low level of 20:4n-6 and a high level of 20:5n-3, favouring the production of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. When obese Zucker rats were fed soya protein, this also resulted in reduced fatty liver, possibly through reduced clearance of VLDL by the liver. We conclude that the isoflavone-enriched soya concentrate as well as soya protein may be promising dietary supplements for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver.
 ...
PMID:Dietary soya protein concentrate enriched with isoflavones reduced fatty liver, increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation and decreased the hepatic mRNA level of VLDL receptor in obese Zucker rats. 1692 18

To attempt a risk assessment of the excess intake of trivalent chromium (Cr), tissue Cr accumulation and urinary Cr excretion were examined in weanling rats fed experimental diets containing graded levels of Cr chloride (CrCl3) or Cr picolinate (CrPic). Thirty-six male weanling 4-weeks-old Wistar rats were divided into six groups and fed a casein-based semi-purified diet (Cr content: <0.02 microg/g) supplemented with 1, 10, or 100 microg Cr/g as CrCl3 or CrPic for 28 days. Among the experimental groups, no significant difference was observed in body weight; however, supplementation of 100 microg Cr/g to the diets caused a significant low liver weight irrespective of the chemical species of Cr. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly elevated in rats given CrPic at 100 microg Cr/g. In the liver, kidney and femur, Cr accumulation increased with elevation of the dietary Cr level. No influence of the difference in the chemical species of supplemented Cr was observed in the liver and kidney, but CrCl3 caused significantly higher Cr accumulation than CrPic in the femur of rats given 100 microg Cr/g. Daily urinary Cr excretion elevated with the increase of the dietary Cr level. Rats given CrPic showed significantly higher daily urinary Cr excretion than those given CrCl3, particularly at a dietary Cr level of 100 microg/g. The rate of urinary Cr excretion in rats given CrPic was constant, irrespective of the dietary Cr level, but that of rats given CrCl3 fell with the increase of the dietary Cr level. These results indicate that the lowest adverse effect level of dietary Cr is less than 100 microg/g, irrespective of the chemical species of Cr.
 ...
PMID:Tissue accumulation and urinary excretion of chromium in rats fed diets containing graded levels of chromium chloride or chromium picolinate. 2068 35

Amaranth constitutes a valuable pseudocereal, due to its nutritional quality and its nutraceutical properties, which contribute to improve human health. This work evaluated the effect of a diet based on Amaranthus hypochondriacus (Ah) seed on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in the liver of rats sub-chronically exposed to ethanol. The seed extract was investigated for antioxidant capacity in vitro, showing an adequate content of total phenols and antioxidant activity elevated. For in vivo assays, four groups of six rats each were fed with an AIN-93 M diet for 28 days. In groups III and IV casein was replaced by Ah as the protein source; groups II and IV were received ethanol in the drinking water (20% v/v). When comparing groups IV and II, the following was observed: significant decrease in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and content of malondialdehyde (p<0.001) in serum; decrease of malondialdehyde and increase in the activity and gene expression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, also, decrease in the NADPH oxidase transcript levels (p<0.05) in liver. Our data suggest that Ah is a good source of total phenols and exerts a protective effect in serum and in liver of rats intoxicated with ethanol.
 ...
PMID:Antioxidant properties of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds and their effect on the liver of alcohol-treated rats. 2154 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>