Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Adult rats were subjected to a brief period of diethyl ether anaesthesia and were given diets with 200 or 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation in the post-anaesthesia period. Nitrogen retention was measured as well as liver protein content and liver and muscle transaminase activities (L-aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), (EC 2.6.1.1), and L-alanine aminotransferase (GPT)(EC 2.6.1.2). 2. Results demonstrated that anaesthesia-stressed rats consuming the high-protein diet with supplemental arginine and glycine retained twice as much N as did rats given the diet with 200 g casein/kg alone, for the first 5 d post-anaesthesia. 3. Anaesthesia-stressed animals consuming the diets with 100 g casein/kg with or without arginine plus glycine supplementation did not differ from each other in N retention. 4. Liver protein content increased after anaesthesia in rats given the high-protein diets; liver transaminase activity increased, whereas muscle transaminase activity decreased, in animals consuming the high protein diets. 5. Possible mechanisms to account for these results are discussed.
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PMID:Nitrogen retention in rats fed on diets enriched with arginine and glycine. 2. Effect of diethyl ether anaesthesia on N retention. 85 75

Dietary boron, in amounts usually found in human diets comprised mainly of fruits and vegetables, apparently affects both mineral and energy metabolism. Therefore, the effects of boron on a model system with a perturbed metabolic insulin-vitamin D3 axis was examined. Weanling male rats were fed a ground corn-high protein casein-corn oil-based diet (0.06 micrograms B/g and no supplemental vitamin D3) supplemented with B (as orthoboric acid) at 0 or 2.4 mg/kg. After 55 days, all rats were equilibrated in individual metabolic cages. After another 6 days, one half of the rats in both dietary groups were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (STZ). All rats were killed 3 days after STZ treatment. STZ affected many aspects of energy metabolism. In the non-STZ rats, supplemental dietary boron substantially depressed plasma insulin, plasma pyruvate concentrations, and creatine kinase activity and increased plasma thyroxine (T4) concentrations. The finding that boron did not affect growth, but did affect several indices of energy metabolism in the non-STZ animals suggests that boron functions as a regulator of energy metabolism in the rat. A decrease in plasma aspartate transaminase activity (an indicator of enhanced cell membrane integrity) in the non-STZ rats suggests that boron exerts a protective influence over normal liver metabolism.
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PMID:Boron affects energy metabolism in the streptozotocin-injected, vitamin D3-deprived rat. 166 21

The tryptophan-load test for vitamin B-6 nutritional status was administered to adult female Long-Evans rats fed graded levels of pyridoxine hydrochloride (PN.HCl) in two experiments, and its sensitivity to marginal vitamin B-6 intake was evaluated. In Experiment 1, rats were 4-h meal-fed an AIN-76A (20% casein) diet devoid of PN.HCl for 3 wk, then repleted (n = 12) for 6 wk with 4-h pair-fed meals of either 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 7.0 (control) mg PN.HCl/kg diet. In Experiment 2, rats (n = 16) were pair-fed for 10 wk either 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 or 7.0 (control) mg PN.HCl/kg diet, with 24-h access to food. Vitamin B-6 nutritional status was assessed at the end of each experiment. Except in rats fed 0 mg PN.HCl/kg diet, mean body weights were not significantly different among diet groups of either experiment. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal and total vitamin B-6 concentrations, determined by HPLC, were very sensitive to gradations in dietary PN.HCl concentrations (P less than 0.05). Red blood cell endogenous and PLP-stimulated alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity did not statistically differentiate all levels of dietary vitamin B-6, although the calculated activity coefficient for each enzyme (stimulated/endogenous activity) did. Urinary xanthurenic acid excretion following a tryptophan load [24.5 mumol (5 mg) L-tryptophan/100 g body weight, injected intraperitoneally] was significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated compared with controls only in the group fed 0 mg PN/HCl/kg diet. At the tryptophan dose used here, the tryptophan-load test was not useful in detecting marginal vitamin B-6 intake in rats.
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PMID:Insensitivity of the tryptophan-load test to marginal vitamin B-6 intake in rats. 176 28

Studies were carried out on the effect of various cadmium doses, which were given to growing rats in diet. A 42-day biological experiment was carried out on male growing Wistar rats. The animals divided into groups were given diets containing cadmium in amounts of 50, 100 and 200 ppm and diet with no adding cadmium. The diets contained 20% of protein in equal amounts from wheat gluten and casein. It was demonstrated that cadmium had a significant influence on diet intake and growth of rats. The absorption from diets containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm of cadmium was about 30 to 48%. The more cadmium was absorbed, the most was in blood and rat liver. Anaemia was noted in animals, which were given diets with cadmium. Rats had a low level of haematocrit and haemoglobin in plasma. It was shown that cadmium intake caused a significant decrease in plasma albumin concentration and increase of plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity.
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PMID:[Effect of various cadmium doses in the diet on the body of growing rats]. 263 83

Rats having a protein-free diet available ad libitum were fed a daily casein meal at the beginning of either the light- or the dark-phase of the day. A control group received a mixed-diet ad libitum. In all three groups, daily food ingestion was the same and casein corresponded to 12% of total intake. Liver activities of alanine, aspartate, ornithine and tyrosine aminotransferase, ornithine decarboxylase and serine dehydratase were assessed. In mixed-fed controls, all activities were low. Tyrosine aminotransferase and ornithine decarboxylase exhibited clear circadian rhythms of low amplitude. Feeding casein as a concentrated meal had no effect on aspartate aminotransferase. It depressed alanine aminotransferase and serine dehydratase activities. Tyrosine aminotransferase and ornithine decarboxylase exhibited rapid and strong stimulatory responses but, within 12 hours, returned to levels similar to those observed in mixed-fed controls. Ornithine aminotransferase was increased in the group receiving the casein meal during the light phase. It is concluded that the capacity for amino acid catabolism remains low in separately-fed animals, and that only tyrosine and especially ornithine, which may become limiting for urea synthesis, are actively metabolized. Thus, when high fluxes of amino acids reach the liver following the absorption of the casein meal, more amino acids are available for incorporation into newly synthesized proteins.
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PMID:Activity of several enzymes of amino acid catabolism in the liver of rats fed protein as a meal. 613 52

Using mounting casein and wheat gluten protein values (0-40%) in the animals' diet, the optimum and minimum physiological daily doses were determined in 49-day-old growing rats from changes in their body water, body nitrogen and protein intake. The optimum physiological doses were identical with the peak of linearity of the given parameters, which coincided with a 15% casein protein and a 20% gluten protein concentration in the diet. This was also confirmed by the maximum body amino acid values, which were found in animals given a 15% casein or 20% gluten protein diet. It was further confirmed by the finding of significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the liver of animals with a higher intake of the above protein sources. The minimum physiological dose of the given protein was determined from the equations of the regression curves in the presence of zero changes in the body nitrogen or body water content. The optimum physiological daily doses of casein and wheat gluten protein were 3.25 g and 4.05 g respectively. The minimum physiological daily doses of casein protein were 268 mg (from body nitrogen changes) and 371 mg (from body water changes) and the minimum physiological daily doses of gluten protein were 892 mg (from body nitrogen changes) and 1,000 mg (from body water changes). The above indicators demonstrate, in the presence of higher and high dietary concentrations, that an intake of the given proteins over and above the optimum physiological daily dose is at the very least uneconomical (gluten), if not harmful (casein), making this a highly topical problem for further study.
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PMID:Physiological casein and gluten protein requirements of growing rats. 648 24

It has been shown in experiments on rats that aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) and alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) playing an important role in amino acid metabolism by the liver are easily adaptable to nutrition conditions. The activity of the enzymes increase in the liver of rats kept on diet containing 24% of casein and on complete fasting but decreases in the course of administering isocaloric protein-free diet. Replacement of protein-free diet by protein diet after 10 days leads to a drastic increase in the AsAT and A1AT activity.
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PMID:[Effect of protein and protein-free nutrition on the adaptability of transamination reactions in the liver]. 724 89

A controlled trial on nutrition supplementation in ambulatory patients with decompensated alcoholic liver disease was carried out during 1 year. Fifty-one patients were studied; 26 were assigned to an experimental group receiving a daily supplement of 1000 kcal and 34 g of proteins given as a casein-based enteral nutrition product and 25 to a control group receiving one placebo capsule. Patients were examined in a special clinic once a month or more if required. Sixty-eight percent of patients admitted to alcohol ingestion or had alcohol in urine samples on at least one occasion. Dietary recalls showed a significantly higher protein and caloric intake in case patients subjects (p < .0001). Nine patients died during the study, three case patients and six control patients (p = NS). The frequency of hospitalizations was significantly less in the experimental group. This difference was attributed to a reduction in severe infections. Mid-arm circumference, serum albumin concentration, and hand grip strength improved earlier in case patients, although both groups had a significant improvement in these parameters. Bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase decreased and prothrombin time increased significantly in both groups during the study period, without differences between groups. It is concluded that nutrition support decreases nutrition-associated complications in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
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PMID:Controlled trial on nutrition supplementation in outpatients with symptomatic alcoholic cirrhosis. 845 12

The effects of dietary protein on the elevation of activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in D-galactosamine-injected rats were investigated. The rats fed with experimental diets containing test protein sources for 2 weeks were injected with D-galactosamine (0.8 g.kg-1 body weight). The activities of AST and ALT in serum were assayed after 20 h. According to the results, these enzyme activities in the rats fed 40% casein diet were higher than those of 5, 10, or 20% casein groups. In the 40% gluten group, these enzyme activities were lower than in the 40% casein group. This difference was not considered to be caused by the deficit of L-lysine and L-threonine in gluten. The extent of the reduction of UTP and UDP-glucose in liver by D-galactosamine was almost the same in the 40% gluten and 40% casein groups. These results suggest that levels and quality of dietary protein affect the susceptibility of animals to the hepatotoxin D-galactosamine and dietary gluten was found to alleviate the elevation of serum transaminases in rats by the drug.
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PMID:Dietary wheat gluten alleviates the elevation of serum transaminase activities in D-galactosamine-injected rats. 878 Sep 70

This study was done to clarify the effects of dietary wheat gluten on the hepatotoxic action of D-galactosamine (GalN) and endotoxin (Etx). Male Wistar rats fed a high casein or high gluten (supplemented with L-Lys and L-Thr) diet were injected with GalN or Etx, and the plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and lactase dehydrogenase activities were examined 20 h later. In rats fed the high gluten diet, these enzyme activities were lower than in the high casein group after injection of 800 mg/kg of GalN. But such a difference between the casein and gluten groups was not clear when they were treated with 400 mg/kg of GalN nor observed even after injection of Etx or Etx+GalN (400 mg/kg). Similarly these was no difference in the plasma concentrations of Etx, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or interferon-gamma in the rats receiving an injection of 800 mg/kg of GalN between both dietary groups. These results suggest that dietary gluten affords protection against hepatic injury by a high dose of GalN but not by a low dose of GalN and/or Etx.
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PMID:Effects of dietary gluten on the hepatotoxic action of galactosamine and/or endotoxin in rats. 890 Nov 1


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