Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is no established model of regenerative liver resection in the baboon, and no study comparing the circulating hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) response with the DNA synthetic response after liver resection. A mean 20% partial hepatectomy (PH) was performed in 19 baboons and a sham operation comprising liver mobilisation only was performed in 20 baboons. Blood HGF levels were measured up to 5 days after either procedure, using the human HGF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Otsuka, Japan). The white cell count (WCC), aspartate transaminase (AST) and bilirubin were also measured. Liver regeneration, reflected by an increase in DNA synthesis, was determined from serial liver biopsies in 23 baboons, using a tritiated thymidine assay of liver thymidine kinase (TK). Liver resection and WCC had a significant influence on circulating HGF levels. There was a linear relationship between WCC and circulating HGF levels, which was independent of PH. For a constant value of WCC, resection produced a peaking of HGF over time, with the maximal levels occurring between 2 and 3 days, compared with the linear response in HGF in sham-operated baboons. Liver damage, as reflected by AST levels, was found to have no significant influence on circulating HGF levels. The 20% PH produced a significant increase in liver TK, with maximum levels evident between 2 and 4 days. Accordingly in this baboon model of PH the increase in biologically active, circulating HGF preceded the increase in liver DNA synthesis over 5 days. This observation supports the role of HGF in hepatocyte proliferation and as an initiator of liver regeneration, and suggests that further investigation into the potential endocrine action of HGF could be studied in this established liver regenerative primate model.
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PMID:The changes in circulating hepatocyte growth factor after partial hepatectomy in the baboon. 1045 Jun 55

This study aimed to identify if the clinical features of proteinuric pre-eclampsia or the biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction associated with this syndrome are altered according to parity in a direction that would suggest a different pathophysiology. Groups of 27 primigravid and 35 multigravid women with pre-eclampsia (defined as blood pressure >140/90 mmHg and 2+ proteinuria) were studied ante-partum, and at 6 weeks and 6 months post-partum. Clinical markers of severity of pre-eclampsia, including blood pressure, markers of renal, hepatic and coagulatory function, and biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction were measured. Fetal outcome was assessed by birthweight and birthweight percentile. Ante-partum systolic blood pressure was 10 mmHg higher in the primigravida, and this difference was independent of age and anti-hypertensive medication. Analysis of systolic blood pressure before and after delivery showed the primigravid women to have elevated systolic blood pressure over the whole time period (P<0.01). The primigravid women had more severe hepatic dysfunction, with elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels, but plasma creatinine, proteinuria, platelet counts and haematocrit were similar, indicating that renal and coagulatory function and plasma volume were affected to the same extent in the two groups and were independent of parity. Birthweight was similar in the two groups, and the percentage of infants weighing less than the 10th centile for gestation was also similar. Biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction, assessed by measuring the urinary prostacyclin metabolite 2, 3-dinor-6-oxo-prostaglandin F(1alpha) and plasma endothelin 1, did not differ according to parity. There were no differences in a number of other biochemical markers of pre-eclampsia, including plasma albumin, uric acid, triacylglycerol, and total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Basophil, monocyte and lymphocyte counts were elevated before delivery in primigravid women with pre-eclampsia. The differences in lymphocyte counts persisted post-partum. Further studies are required to clarify the role, if any, of monocytes, basophils and lymphocytes in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. In conclusion, the elevated systolic blood pressure and raised aspartate aminotransferase levels observed in primigravida suggest a more severe form of pre-eclampsia. The lack of differences in birthweight and other biochemical and endothelial markers of severity of pre-eclampsia do not suggest a different pathophysiology; however, the persistently higher white cell counts in the primigravid pre-eclamptics are of interest, and might reflect differences in immune responses in the two groups. We suggest that studies of the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia should include multigravida, as long as there is adequate post-partum follow-up to exclude underlying disease.
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PMID:Is proteinuric pre-eclampsia a different disease in primigravida and multigravida? 1049 48

Blood samples taken from 48 4-mo-old wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopova silvestris) were used to establish reference intervals for hematology and serum chemistry values. The study was conducted during September and October 1996. Packed cell volume, total and differential white cell counts, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, uric acid, triglyceride concentrations, as well as aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were assayed. Reference intervals from wild turkeys are similar to those reported for domestic turkeys.
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PMID:Normal hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals for juvenile wild turkeys. 1081 26

Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare liver-based disorder of copper metabolism. Prognostic criteria described by our group in 1986 to predict death without transplantation have not been universally validated. The clinical features of 88 children were reviewed, retrospectively in 74 and prospectively in 14. Data from the retrospectively recruited patients that died or survived on long-term chelation were used to evaluate the validity of our old scoring system and to devise a new prognostic index, then assessed in the 14 prospectively recruited patients. Using the old scoring system, 5 children scoring > or = 7, the cutoff value for death without transplantation, survived, whereas 4 scoring < or = 7 died (sensitivity 87% and specificity 90%). A new index based on serum bilirubin, international normalized ratio, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and white cell count (WCC) at presentation identified a cutoff score of 11 for death and proved to be 93% sensitive and 98% specific, with a positive predictive value of 88%. When the new index was evaluated prospectively in 14 patients, it predicted the need for transplantation in only the 4 who required it, although 1 child with a score of 11 survived on medical treatment. In conclusion, the new Wilson Index is more sensitive and specific in predicting mortality without transplantation than the old scoring system, but needs to be validated in a larger number of patients.
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PMID:Wilson's disease in children: 37-year experience and revised King's score for liver transplantation. 1577 53

The right lobe liver graft has become the workhorse of adult-to-adult live donor liver transplantation. Donor right hepatectomy is feasible only because of the immense regenerative ability of the liver. The long-term biological consequences of this very major donor procedure on the donor however are unknown. Twenty-nine donors of this procedure in our centre, all of whom included the middle hepatic vein, were studied. On long-term follow-up at a median of 47.4 months, there was a discernible but statistically insignificant decrease in size of the regenerated left lobe compared to the original whole liver volume. There was paradoxically a trend of incompleteness of regeneration in relation to the original liver volume for those with a larger remnant left lobe. The volume ratio of the regenerated left lobe to the original left lobe before hepatectomy was inversely proportional to the left lobe proportion preoperatively. This strong but inverse linear correlation reflected the good regenerative ability of the remnant left lobe. None of the donors developed thrombocytopenia. Although demonstrable decrease in white cell count, increase in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine did occur, the changes remained within normal limits and were of yet uncertain clinical significance. In conclusion, donor right hepatectomy including the middle hepatic vein is biologically acceptable to the live donor.
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PMID:Long-term biological consequences of donor right hepatectomy including the middle hepatic vein in adult-to-adult live donor liver transplantation. 1644 10

Monitoring of changes in some blood laboratory parameters in 34 horses after ingesting freshly harvested maize that was to be used for ensiling, heavily contaminated with young Datura stramonium plants, is described. For a 7-day period the following parameters were monitored: haemoglobin content (HGB), red blood cell counts (RBC), white blood cell counts (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), differential white cell counts (DWC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein fractions, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), blood glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), globulin (Glob) and albumin (Alb). The intoxication was accompanied by erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, regenerative left shift neutrophilia, lymphopaenia, eosinopaenia, increased haematocrit values, low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hyperglycaemia, bilirubinaemia, hypoproteinaemia and increased activity of AST and LDH. No changes occurred in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), albumin, globulin and globulin fractions (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 and gamma). The blood parameters returned to normal between post-intoxication days 2 and 5. The observed changes in clinical chemistry indices could be used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of Jimson weed intoxication.
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PMID:Studies on some paraclinical indices on intoxication in horses from freshly cut Jimson weed (Datura stramonium)-contaminated maize intended for ensiling. 1713 56

Racial differences in response to treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been noted in several trials. In this study, we compared the response rate to treatment of Asian patients infected by genotype 3 HCV with non-Asians treated for the same genotype. Sixteen of 38 (42.1%) Asians achieved a sustained virological response (SVR), compared with 41 of 66 (62.1%) Caucasians (P = 0.063). At baseline prior to treatment, Asians had a higher histological fibrosis stage (P = 0.0014), indicating more advanced disease at presentation. In univariable analysis of baseline factors predicting failure to achieve an SVR, Asian ethnicity, fibrosis stage, higher serum aspartate transaminase, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, as well as lower white cell count, haemoglobin and platelet count were statistically significant. None of these factors achieved significance in multivariate analysis, possibly because of the relatively small number of patients studied. We have observed an inferior response to treatment of Asian vs Caucasian patients. The poor response probably reflects the more advanced liver disease at baseline observed for Asian British patients.
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PMID:Inferior response of Asian vs non-Asian hepatitis C genotype 3 infection to combination antiviral therapy. 1818 94

Health and nutritional assessments of wildlife are important management tools and can provide a means to evaluate ecosystem health. Such examinations were performed on 37 white-fronted brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus albifrons) from four sites in Madagascar. Comparison of health parameters between sites revealed statistically significant differences in body weight, body temperature, respiratory rate, hematology parameters (white cell count, hematocrit, segmented neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count), serum chemistry parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, chloride, and creatinine phosphokinase), and nutrition parameters (copper, zinc, ferritin, retinol, tocopherol, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol). Two of 10 lemurs tested were positive for toxoplasmosis; none of 10 were positive for Cryptosporidium or Giardia. Enteric bacteria and endo- and ectoparasites were typical. Statistically different values in hematology and chemistry values probably do not reflect clinically significant differences, whereas nutrition parameter differences are likely related to season, soil, and forage availability.
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PMID:Comparison of biomedical evaluation for white-fronted brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus albifrons) from four sites in Madagascar. 1911 Jun 98

Clinicopathologic features of 45 patients with fulminant hepatic failure due to massive or submassive hepatic necrosis were studied. Both percutaneous biopsies and liver explants were available in 23 patients, whole livers only in 11 cases, and biopsies only in 11 cases. An etiologic diagnosis was established in 16 cases (36%). A further 3 cases (7%) were associated with aplastic anemia. Established etiologies included drug reactions (n = 7); autoimmune hepatitis, type 2 (n = 3); halothane hepatitis (n = 1); ischemia/hypotension (n = 1); mushroom poisoning (n = 1); mitochondrial disorder (n = 1); hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (n = 1); and adenoviral hepatitis (n = 1). The extent of necrosis on liver biopsy correlated poorly with that in liver explants (mean difference, 32% +/- 23.8%). Almost all cases could be classified into one of 2 broad patterns of necrosis, namely, (1) zonal coagulative necrosis or (2) panlobular (nonzonal) necrosis. These patterns differed significantly with respect to several clinical parameters including sex ratio, peripheral blood white cell count, serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, conjugated bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Livers with panlobular necrosis showed a spectrum of histopathologic findings that included central venulitis (76%), lymphocytic infiltration of large duct/gallbladder epithelium (54%), and syncytial giant cell transformation (18%). These features were not seen in livers with zonal coagulative necrosis which frequently showed prominent steatosis (91%). Both patterns of necrosis frequently showed ductular proliferation (100%) and cholangiolitis (80%). The diagnostic yield of ancillary studies (histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy) was very low (<1%). The small proportion of cases with etiologic diagnoses precluded correlation of clinical and histopathological parameters with specific etiologies. In summary, this study describes the spectrum of changes seen in massive and submassive necrosis in children and identifies clinical features that might differentiate between 2 broad patterns of necrosis.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic spectrum of massive and submassive hepatic necrosis in infants and children. 1912 48

This study measured haematological and liver function parameters in workers occupationally exposed to cement dust in order to test the hypothesis that cement dust exposure may perturb these functions. Assessment of haematological parameters and liver function were performed in 23 workers occupationally exposed to cement dust (mean years of exposure 9.6+/- 1.5 years) and 46 matched unexposed controls. The haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001) and packed cell volume (P < 0.02) of exposed workers were significantly lower and the platelet (P < 0.01) and white cell counts (P < 0.05) were significantly higher than in the unexposed workers. There was no significant difference in the total granulocyte and lymphocyte/monocyte counts. The liver function parameters remained similar in the exposed workers compared to the unexposed except serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities which were significantly lower (P <0.05). These results suggest that occupational exposure to cement dust may perturb haemopoietic function while preserving liver function.
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PMID:The effect of cement dust exposure on haematological and liver function parameters of cement factory workers in Sokoto, Nigeria. 1943 25


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