Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age; 88.54 +/- 3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three comparable groups (I, II and III) on the basis of their body weight (BW) in a completely randomised design to study the effect of long term feeding of ammoniated wheat straw (AWS) and hydrochloric acid treated ammoniated wheat straw (HCl-AWS) on blood biochemical changes. The animals were offered a concentrate mixture (CM) along with wheat straw (WS), ammoniated wheat straw (AWS) (4% urea at a 50% moisture level) and hydrochloric acid treated ammoniated wheat straw (HCI-AWS) (4% urea at a 50% moisture level and HCI added to trap 30% of NH3 evolved) in groups I, II and III, respectively for an average daily gain (ADG) of 500 g. All the diets were made iso-nitrogenous by preparing three types of concentrate mixtures of different CP levels. The blood was collected from the jugular vein randomly from three animals of each group initially after 8 months post feeding and subsequently after two months interval up to 14 months of experimental feeding. Due to urea ammoniation, the CP content of WS increased from 3.66 to 8.51 and was further increased to 11.35 due to the addition of HCl during urea-ammoniation of wheat straw. The cumulative period mean plasma glucose values (mg %), in group II (53.13) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those in groups I (48.44) and III (50.60). The cumulative period mean values of serum albumin and globulin (g %) were not significantly different and were comparable among the groups I (3.33 and 3.06), II (3.53 and 2.97) and III (3.49 and 2.94). The cumulative period mean values of serum albumin: globulin ratio and total protein values were not significantly different among the different groups. Serum urea and creatinine values were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in group III (58.66 and 2.24) as compared to groups I and II. The cumulative period mean values of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (KA units) did not differ significantly, but serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) values (units x mL(-1) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in groups II and III than in group I. The cumulative period mean values of T3 (ng x mL(-1)) did not differ significantly among the groups, but T4 values were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in group III (22.74) than in groups 1 (21.41) and II (20.89), respectively. Since the mean values of all the blood parameters were within the normal range, it may be concluded that feeding of ammoniated wheat straw treated with and without HCl to growing male buffalo calves for fourteen months has no adverse effect on the blood biochemical parameters.
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PMID:Effect of long term feeding of ammoniated wheat straw treated with or without HCl on blood biochemical parameters in growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. 1595 22

Achyranthes aspera seed was incorporated in the diets (at 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.5%) of Labeo rohita, rohu fingerlings (3.0+/-0.4 g). After 2 weeks, the fish were immunized with heat-killed Aeromonas hydrophila, and after a further 2 weeks the rohu were experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila (ATCC 49140). After 7 days blood and serum were sampled to determine superoxide anion production, bactericidal activity, lysozyme, serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Superoxide anion production, serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme, ALP, serum protein, albumin:globulin ratio (A/G) were enhanced in Achyranthes treated groups compared to the control group. SGOT and SGPT levels were elevated in control group, but in Achyranthes treated groups the levels were similar to the uninfected-control group. Higher cumulative mortalities were observed in the control group (77%) up to day-9 after infection. This gradually decreased with increasing dose of Achyranthes, 66% mortality in 0.01% group, 57% mortality in 0.1% group and 28% mortality in 0.5% group. These results indicate that Achyranthes aspera stimulates immunity and increases resistance to infection in L. rohita.
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PMID:Effect of Achyranthes aspera on the immunity and survival of Labeo rohita infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. 1596 19

Sixteen barrows (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire) were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting eight pigs. The groups received the same basal diet supplemented with 0 and 400 mg/kg fluoride, respectively. Histological examinations, including in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), Haematoxylin and Eosin staining (HE) and transmission electron microscopy observation, found apoptotic hepatocytes 50 days after additional 400 mg/kg fluoride treatment. The obvious DNA ladder and the significantly increased both hepatic caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity indicated that fluoride induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in vivo. In addition, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity and hepatic lipid peroxides (LPO) concentration was significantly increased. The activity of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) showed an increased trend. The results suggest that fluoride induces apoptosis by elevating the oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, causing mitochondrial dysfunction and further activating caspase-9 and caspase-3.
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PMID:Evaluation of caspase-dependent apoptosis during fluoride-induced liver lesion in pigs. 1613 39

Tamoxifen citrate (TAM), is widely used for treatment of breast cancer. It showed a degree of hepatic carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the antioxidant capacity of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (GTE) against TAM-induced liver injury. A model of liver injury in female rats was done by intraperitoneal injection of TAM in a dose of 45mg Kg(-1) day(-1), i.p. for 7 successive days. GTE in the concentration of 1.5 %, was orally administered 4 days prior and 14 days after TAM-intoxication as a sole source of drinking water. The antioxidant flavonoid; epicatechin (a component of green tea) was not detectable in liver and blood of rats in either normal control or TAM-intoxicated group, however, TAM intoxication resulted in a significant decrease of its level in liver homogenate of tamoxifenintoxicated rats. The model of TAM-intoxication elicited significant declines in the antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase,glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase) and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant elevations in TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) and liver transaminases; sGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and sGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) levels. The oral administration of 1.5 % GTE to TAM-intoxicated rats, produced significant increments in the antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione concomitant with significant decrements in TBARS and liver transaminases levels. The data obtained from this study speculated that 1.5 % GTE has the capacity to scavenge free radical and can protect against oxidative stress induced by TAM intoxication. Supplementation of GTE could be useful in alleviating tamoxifen-induced liver injury in rats.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract against tamoxifen-induced liver injury in rats. 1620 36

The chemopreventive and cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata (EBV) was evaluated in N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg) induced experimental liver tumor in rats and human cancer cell lines. Oral administration of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata (250 mg/kg) effectively suppressed liver tumor induced by DEN as revealed by decrease in DEN induced elevated levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, gamma glutamate transpeptidase (GGTP), lipid peroxidase (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The extract produced an increase in enzymatic antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) levels and total proteins when compared to those in liver tumor bearing rats. The histopathological changes of liver samples were compared with respective controls. EBV was found to be cytotoxic against human epithelial larynx cancer (HEp2) and human breast cancer (HBL-100) cells. These results show a significant chemopreventive and cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of Bauhinia variegata against DEN induced liver tumor and human cancer cell lines.
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PMID:Chemoprevention and cytotoxic effect of Bauhinia variegata against N-nitrosodiethylamine induced liver tumors and human cancer cell lines. 1625 58

The potential of Picroliv, a herbal extract against acute cadmium (Cd) intoxication, was evaluated in male rats. Biochemical and histopathological profile in rats pretreated with Picroliv (12 mg/kg, oral) followed by a single dose of Cd as cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (3 mg/kg, ip) revealed marked suppression of oxidative stress in liver and testes. The Cd-induced enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation, membrane fluidity and reduced levels of nonprotein sulphydryls and Na(+)K(+)ATPase were significantly restored to near normal by Picroliv pretreatment. In addition, the Cd-induced serum levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase were restored to near basal levels. Hepatic and testicular histopathological damage was also minimized. The results strongly suggest definite hepato- and testicular protection by Picroliv. The antioxidant potential of the herbal extract in the major part, and not its chelating property, seems to be responsible for its ameliorative action.
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PMID:Prevention of acute cadmium toxicity by Picroliv. 1627 Jul 54

The current study was designed to assess the effect of immobilization stress on liver toxicity induced by topical as well as oral administration of 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in Swiss Albino rats. The experimental animals were divided into six groups. Group 1 animals were exposed to chronic restraint stress alone for 10 days (3h/day), shaved back of animals in group II were painted with 0.5% solution of DMBA twice a week for 4 weeks. Group III animals were first exposed to restraint stress similar to group I followed by DMBA application as in group II, group IV animals were orally administered four doses of 0.5% DMBA solution. (1ml/rat) at weekly intervals, while group V animals were first exposed to restraint stress as in group I followed by oral dose of DMBA similar to group IV. The untreated Group VI animals served as controls. Rats were sacrificed after a period of 4 weeks following DMBA administration. Biochemical measurements were carried out on liver tissues and serum/plasma of control and treated animals. Restraint stress was found to have marked effect on DMBA induced alteration of liver function as revealed by the increase in tissue marker enzymes viz glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with a significant further decrease in antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) as compared to controls and DMBA alone(topical/oral) or stress alone treated rats. Increased lipid peroxidation was accompanied by a significant decrease in the level of total reduced glutathione (GSH). The changes in the levels of marker enzymes and in vivo antioxidants in serum/plasma were comparable to that of liver. The results of the present study indicate that immobilization stress markedly enhances DMBA induced alteration of liver and circulatory antioxidant status of the rats irrespective of the mode of DMBA administration though with a predominant effect on orally infused DMBA.
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PMID:Enhancement of pro-oxidant effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) in rats by pre-exposure to restraint stress. 1627 Dec 82

Dimethylformaide (DMF) is a major solvent predominately used in synthetic leather and resin production. Many human and animal studies have linked the cause of hepatoxicity to DMF. Previously, the authors demonstrated the significant dose-response relationship between abnormal liver function tests and DMF exposure and the interaction with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Taiwanese workers. Because the toxic effect of various chemicals can be modified by metabolic traits, the study also investigated the influence of the glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1) on the toxic effect of DMF. The average DMF exposure concentration was 23.87 ppm (range 5.2-86.6 ppm) in the high-exposure (>/=5 ppm) group and 2.41 ppm (range 0.9-4.3 ppm) in the low-exposure (<5 ppm) group. There were 13 of 44 (29.6%) abnormal liver function tests (elevations of either glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) or glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT)) among the high DMF exposure workers, two of 22 (9.1%) abnormal liver function tests among the low DMF exposure workers. Chronic liver disease as determined by ultrasonography was present in seven of 44 (15.9%) high DMF exposure workers, and 0 of 22 (0%) low DMF exposure workers. There were 11 of 34 (32.4%) abnormal liver function tests among the GSTT1 null genotype workers, and four of 32 (12.5%) abnormal liver function tests among the GSTT1-positive genotype workers. Compared with the low DMF exposure workers, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for abnormal liver function tests was 6.78 (0.94-48.7) for the high DMF exposure workers. Compared with the GSTT1-positive genotype workers, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for abnormal liver function tests was 4.41 (1.15-16.9) for the GSTT1 null genotype workers. Compared with the low DMF group with GSTT1-positive genotype workers, the odds ratio (adjusted for HBV status) of abnormal liver function test was 12.38, 95% CI=(1.04-146.9) for the high DMF group with GSTT1 null genotype workers. This study indicates that abnormal liver function and chronic liver disease are associated with DMF exposure, and there are more than multiplicative interaction effects on abnormal liver function tests between the DMF exposure and the GSTT1 genotype.
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PMID:Abnormal liver function associated with occupational exposure to dimethylformamide and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. 1630 70

The present study deals with evaluation of the hepatotoprotective activity of carotenoids from two well-known microalgae, Spirulina platensis and Dunaliella salina. Carotenoids were extracted in hexane:isopropyl alcohol (1:1 vol/vol) and fed orally in olive oil to Wistar albino rats at a dose of 100 microg/kg of body weight/day (in terms of carotenoids). The degree of hepatoprotection was measured by estimation of biochemical parameters like serum transaminases [serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT)], serum alkaline phosphatase, total albumin, and total protein. The results were compared with those for a control group, a CCl4-induced hepatic damage group, and a group treated with synthetic beta-carotene (all-trans) at the same dose. The protein content of the CCl4-treated group, which received normal diet and a dose of toxin, showed a significant decrease, i.e., 3.92 mg/mL, whereas the protein levels were higher, i.e., 6.96 and 6.32 mg/mL, in the case of the Dunaliella and Spirulina, respectively, carotenoid-treated groups. The CCl4-treated group shown higher activity of transaminases (128.68 units/mL SGPT and 171.52 units/mL SGOT). However, the activity of SGPT was 62.83 units/mL for Dunaliella and 76.83 units/mL for Spirulina, i.e., carotenoids of Dunaliella showed a higher degree of protection. For serum alkaline phosphatase, the standard beta-carotene value was 81.52 units/mL, compared with 84.46 units/mL for the CCl4-treated group; however, natural algal carotenoids yielded 38.45 units/mL (D. salina) and 44.73 units/mL (Spirulina). The total albumin value diminished with CCl4 treatment (2.46 mg/mL); the effect was highest for Dunaliella, followed by the Spirulina carotenoid-treated group. The results clearly indicate that carotenoids from Dunaliella possess better hepatoprotection compared with those from Spirulina. High-performance liquid chromatography of the carotenoids indicated that Spirulina contains only beta-carotene and Dunaliella contains other carotenoids and xanthophyll. The increase in protection with Dunaliella indicates that mixed carotenoids exhibit better biological activity than beta-carotene alone. The results of this study indicate that carotenoids obtained from an algal source have a higher antihepatotoxic effect, compared with synthetic beta-carotene and with beta-carotene alone from a natural source.
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PMID:Comparative evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of carotenoids of microalgae. 1637 66

Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaf is a darkish-green leafy vegetable popularly used in soup and in herbal preparations for the management of many diseases in Nigeria. In this study, the hepatoprotective property of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of T. occidentalis leaf (earlier confirmed to have a high level of antioxidant activity) against garlic induced-oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes was investigated. Oxidative stress was induced in Wistar strain albino rats by overdosing them with raw garlic (4%) for 14 days, and this caused a significant increase (P < .05) in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), while there was no significant change (P > .05) in serum bilirubin, albumin, globulin, and total proteins. However, intubation of some of the rats fed raw garlic with 5 mg or 10 mg/0.5 mL of T. occidentalis leaf extract (ethanolic or aqueous) caused a significant decrease (P < .05) in serum ALP, GOT, and GPT when compared with rats fed raw garlic without intubation with the T. occidentalis leaf extract. Moreover, 10 mg/0.5 mL of extract was more effective than 5 mg/0.5 mL of extract, while the aqueous extracts appeared to be more effective than the ethanolic extracts in protecting hepatocytes. It could be inferred that both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of T. occidentalis leaf have hepatoprotective properties, although the aqueous extract is more effective than the ethanolic extract, which could be attributed to the higher antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract than the ethanolic extracts of T. occidentalis leaves.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective property of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) leaves against garlic-induced oxidative stress. 1637 74


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