Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Specific biochemical and physiological tests of liver function were used to assess 20 consecutive patients undergoing prolonged head and neck surgery with halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia. Hepatic function was assessed by measurement of serum concentrations of total bilirubin and albumin, and plasma activity of pseudocholinesterase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatic glutathione S-transferase. Plasma clearance of indocyanine green was used as an estimate of hepatic blood flow. No major differences were observed in serum concentrations of GGT, ALP, bilirubin, albumin or pseudocholinesterase. Serum AST activity in those patients receiving halothane was increased at 24 h and at 48 h compared with those who received isoflurane (not statistically significant). Glutathione S-transferase activity was increased significantly in the halothane group throughout the period of study, compared with those who received isoflurane. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the two groups as measured by plasma clearance of indocyanine green: in the halothane group there was a slower disappearance rate of the dye from plasma at specific times than in the patients who received isoflurane. Our data support the use of isoflurane rather than halothane for prolonged anaesthesia.
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PMID:Indocyanine green clearance and hepatic function during and after prolonged anaesthesia: comparison of halothane with isoflurane. 154 Apr 59

Wofatox 50 EC (methylparathion 50%), Nevifosz 50 EC (phosmethylan 50%), Kolfugo 25 FW (carbendazim 25%) and Dikamin D (2,4-D 40%) pesticide formulations were used as test material. The incubated chicken eggs were directly exposed to the applied pesticides with injection into the air cell. Blood samples were obtained and some plasma parameters including packed cell volume (PCV), total protein, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and plasma pseudocholinesterase (PChE) activities were evaluated. Although the mortality rate obtained for the treated and control groups did not differ, there were significant changes in plasma biochemistry in relation to pesticide treatment. The present paper attempts to help those undertaking embryological and teratological studies on avian embryos exposed to pesticides including studies on changes occurring in certain plasma parameters.
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PMID:Changes in blood plasma biochemistry of chicken embryos exposed to various pesticide formulations. 262

The activity of serum enzymes, such as, creatine kinase (CK), pyruvate kinase (PK), aldolase (ALD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SbDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate-aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate-alanine aminotransferase (ALT), myokinase (MK), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), pseudocholinesterase (PsCHE) isocitrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), was determined in 256 patients with progressing myodystrophy (PMD) (Duchenne's form in 125, Becker's form in 14, pelvicohumeral form in 36, humeroscapulofacial form in 19, ocular form in 10, other rare forms in 34, and nonidentified forms in 13 patients). In the control group (64 men, 56 women and 50 children), the activity of the enzymes was found to depend on the patients' sex and age. With regard to both parameters, i. e. the degree of the enzyme activity rise and the frequency of the pathological values the most informative were CK, then PK and ALD, and then all the other enzymes. Of all the PMD forms the enzymatic activity appeared to be the highest in patients with the pseudohypertrophic malignant form. By determining the activity of five enzymes (CK, ALD, LDH, AST and ALT) and taking into consideration the patient's age, the onset and the duration of the disease one can distinguish between sick and healthy subjects, as well as between various forms of PMD.
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PMID:[Serum enzyme dynamics in progressive muscular dystrophies]. 703 17

1,2,3-Trichloropropane is a colorless liquid used as a paint and varnish remover, solvent, and degreasing agent, and as a crosslinking agent in the synthesis of polysulfides and hexafluoropropylene. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane may be found as an impurity in certain nematocides and soil fumigants and as a contaminant of drinking and ground water. Studies on the toxic and carcinogenic effects of 1,2,3-trichloropropane were initiated because of the close structural relationship of this chemical to other short-chain halogenated compounds that were demonstrated to be carcinogenic in experimental animals, and because of the potential for human exposure. Toxicology and carcinogenicity studies were conducted by administering 1,2,3-trichloropropane (greater than 99% pure) in corn oil by gavage to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3FI mice for 17 weeks and 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium strains, mouse lymphoma cells, and Chinese hamster ovary cells. 17-Week Studies: Groups of 20 male and 20 female rats received 1,2,3-trichloropropane in corn oil by gavage at doses of 8, 16, 32, 63, 125, or 250 mg/kg body weight 5 days per week for up to 17 weeks; 30 male and 30 female rats received corn oil alone and served as controls. Animals were evaluated at 8 or 17 weeks. All rats in the 250 mg/kg groups died by week 5. One male and four female rats in the 125 mg/kg groups died during the study. The mean body weight gains and final mean body weights of males receiving 63 mg/kg and of males and females receiving 125 mg/kg were lower than those of the controls. Hematocrit values, hemoglobin concentrations, and erythrocyte counts decreased with dose in males and females. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were significantly increased in some female rats receiving 125 mg/kg. Serum pseudocholinesterase activity decreased with dose in females. Increases in kidney and liver weights were related to chemical administration. The principal toxic lesions associated with the administration of 1,2,3-trichloropropane to rats were hepatocellular necrosis, karyomegaly, and biliary hyperplasia of the liver; renal tubule necrosis, regeneration, and karyomegaly of the kidney; and necrosis and inflammation of the nasal olfactory and respiratory epithelium. Groups of 20 male and 20 female mice received 1,2,3-trichloropropane in corn oil by gavage at doses of 8, 16, 32, 63, 125, or 250 mg/kg 5 days per week for up to 17 weeks; 30 male and 30 female mice received corn oil alone and served as controls. Sixteen male and seven female mice in the 250 mg/kg groups died by week 4. The final mean body weights and mean body weight gains of dosed mice were similar to those of the controls, except those of 250 mg/kg males, which were lower than those of controls. The principal toxic lesions associated with the administration of 1,2,3-trichloropropane were hepatocellular necrosis and karyomegaly of the liver; necrosis, regeneration, and hyperplasia of the bronchiolar epithelium in the lung; and acanthosis (hyperplasia) and hyperkeratosis of the forestomach epithelium. 2-Year Studies: Groups of 60 male and 60 female rats received 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg 1,2,3-trichloropropane/kg body weight in corn oil by gavage 5 days per week for up to 104 weeks. Selection of 30 mg/kg as the high dose in these studies was based on the following chemical-related effects in the 17-week studies: deaths and liver and kidney lesions at 125 and 250 mg/kg and reduced final mean body weights and mean body weight gains at 63 mg/kg or greater. Groups of 60 male and 60 female mice received 0, 6, 20, or 60 mg 1,2,3-trichloropropane/kg body weight in corn oil by gavage 5 days per week for up to 104 weeks. Selection of 60 mg/kg as the high dose was based on chemical-related deaths and lesions of the liver, lung, and forestomach at 125 and 250 mg/kg in the 17-week studies. 15-Month Interim Evaluations: Up to 10 rats and 10 mice from each dose group were evaluated at 15 months. Absolute and relative liver and kidned kidney weights of dosed rats were significantly greater than those of the controls. Chemical-related nonneoplastic lesions and neoplasms of the forestomach, oral mucosa, pancreas (males), kidney, mammary gland (females), preputial gland, and clitoral gland were observed in dosed rats. Chemical-related nonneoplastic lesions and neoplasms of the forestomach and liver (females) were observed in dosed mice. Survival and Body Weight in the 2-Year Studies: Survival of male and female rats receiving 10 or 30 mg/kg 1,2,3-trichloropropane was significantly lower than that of controls. Two-year survival rates of male rats were: control, 34/50; 3 mg/kg, 32/50; 10 mg/kg, 14/49; 30 mg/kg, 0/52; and of females were: 31/50, 30/49, 8/52, 0/52. At 30 mg/kg, survival was markedly reduced due to chemical-related neoplasms, and survivors were killed in weeks 67 (females) or 77 (males). Final mean body weights of 30 mg/kg rats were 13% lower for males and 12% lower for females than those of controls; mean body weights of 3 and 10 mg/kg rats were similar to controls. Survival rates of mice receiving 6, 20, or 60 mg/kg 1,2,3-trichloropropane were also significantly lower than those of controls. Two-year survival rates of male mice were: 42/52, 18/51, 0/54, 0/56; and of female mice were: 41/50, 13/50, 0/51, 0/55. Because of reduced survival at 20 and 60 mg/kg due to chemical-related neoplasms, survivors were killed in weeks 73 (60 mg/kg females), 79 (60 mg/kg males), or 89 (20 mg/kg males and females). Final mean body weights were 16% lower for 60 mg/kg males, 18~ lower for 60 mg/kg females, and 13% lower for 20 mg/kg males than those of controls. Final mean body weights of 6 mg/kg males and females and 20 mg/kg females were similar to controls. Neoplasms and Nonneoplastic Lesions in the 2-Year Studies: Administration of 1,2,3-trichloropropane to rats induced benign and malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa (pharynx and tongue), forestomach, and preputial and clitoral glands in males and females; benign neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas and kidney in males, and malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland in females. The incidences of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the oral mucosa were significantly increased in 10 and 30 mg/kg rats, while the incidences of squamous cell papillomas or carcinomas (combined) of the forestomach were significantly increased in all dosed groups. The incidence of pancreatic acinar adenoma was significantly increased in dosed males, but not in dosed females. Similarly, the incidence of adenoma of the kidney was significantly increased in 10 and 30 mg/kg male rats only. The incidences of adenoma or carcinoma (combined) of the preputial gland in 30 mg/kg males and of the clitoral gland in 10 and 30 mg/kg females (homologous organs) were significantly increased. The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland was significantly increased in the 10 and 30 mg/kg females. The incidences of Zymbal's gland carcinomas were increased in 30 mg/kg males and females. Adenocarcinomas of the intestine occurred in small numbers of dosed rats and may have been chemical related. In mice, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa was significantly increased only in 60 mg/kg females. In contrast, the incidences of squamous cell papilloma and carcinoma of the forestomach were significantly increased in all groups of dosed mice. The incidences of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were significantly increased in all dosed groups of males and 60 mg/kg females. The incidences of harderian gland adenoma were significantly increased in 20 mg/kg males and in 60 mg/kg males and females. The incidences of uterine adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and stromal polyp were significantly increased in 60 mg/kg females. Genetic Toxicology: 1,2,3-Trichloropropane was mutagenic in vitro in the presence of S9 metabolic activation. At two laboratories, positive responses were obtained for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535 in the presence of S9; no mutagenic activity was observed in TA1537, with or without S9. 1,2,3-Trichloropropane induced trifluorothymidine resistance in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells with, but not without, S9. In cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations were induced by 1,2,3-trichloropropane; however, significant increases in the endpoints of both cytogenetic effects occurred only in the presence of S9. Conclusions: Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 1,2,3-trichloropropane in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the oral mucosa and forestomach, adenomas of the pancreas and kidney, adenomas or carcinomas of the preputial gland, and carcinomas of the Zymbal's gland. Adenomatous polyps and adenocarcinomas of the intestine may have been related to chemical administration. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 1,2,3-trichloropropane in female F344/N rats based on increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the oral mucosa and forestomach, adenomas or carcinomas of the clitoral gland, adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland, and carcinomas of the Zymbal's gland. Adenocarcinomas of the intestine may have been related to chemical administration. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 1,2,3-trichloropropane in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the forestomach, hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas of the liver, and harderian gland adenomas. Squamous cell papillomas of the oral mucosa may have been related to chemical administration. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 1,2,3-trichloropropane in female B6C3F1, mice based on increased incidences of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral mucosa, squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the forestomach, hepatocellular adenomas or carcinomas of the liver, harderian gland adenomas, and uterine adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and stromal polyps. Nonneoplastic lesions associated with exposure to 1,2,3-trichloropropane included increased severity of nephropathy in male rats and increased incidences of basal cell and squamous hyperplasia of the forestomach, acinar hyperplasia of the pancreas, renal tubule hyperplasia, and preputial or clitoral gland hyperplasia in male and female rats. Increased incidences of squamous hyperplasia of the forestomach and eosinophilic foci in the liver in male and female mice were chemical related. Synonyms: Allyl trichloride, glycerol tnchlorohydrin, glyceryl tnchlorohydrin, trichlorohydrin
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PMID:NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis of 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (CAS No. 96-18-4) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). 1269 52

Liver function is well maintained with increasing age. The aim of our study was to investigate if long-term moderate (<or=500 ml/day) red wine consumption influences the most common laboratory tests of liver function in healthy centenarians. Wine consumption habits were classified as moderate red wine drinkers (D) (<or=500 ml/day of red wine consumption in the past and present) (no.=3 males, 16 females) and abstainers (A) who never consumed red wine or alcoholic beverages (no.=1 male, 4 females). None were heavy drinkers. Laboratory tests revealed low levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). AST was higher in A (Mean+/-SE=8.40+/-0.32 U/l) in comparison to D (Mean+/-SE=6.25+/-0.72 U/l), but this difference was not statistically significant. Total-bilirubin (Tbil), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), gamma- glutamyltransferase (GGT) and pseudocholinesterase (CHE) were in the normal range, and there was no difference between D and A. We conclude that red wine consumption in centenarians had no negative effect on circulating liver enzyme activities.
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PMID:Healthy centenarian subjects: the effect of red wine consumption on liver function tests. 1676 Jun 40

We studied the influence of dose and timing of atropine therapy on fenthion-induced organ dysfunction. Thirty-six rats were randomized into six groups. All rats in the five groups except the control group were intoxicated with fenthion. The high-dose atropine group received 2 mg/kg of atropine, whereas the low-dose group received 100 microg/kg of atropine every hour for 24 hr. One group received 2 mg/kg of atropine in the first 4 hr of intoxication while the other group received 2 mg/kg of atropine in the last 4 hr before killed, which for all rats was 24 hr after intoxication. Pseudocholinesterase and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels and histopathological markers of lung, brain and liver were studied. None of our atropine therapy strategies in this study totally prevented harm on the three organs. Although the high dose of atropine administered for 24 hr had the least harmful markers for lung, it also had the most harmful markers for brain and liver. We did not succeed in finding a unique therapy strategy in our models beneficial for all studied organs in fenthion intoxication in rats. Atropine administration strategy should be oriented for the most affected organ pathology in fenthion intoxication.
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PMID:Influence of different atropine therapy strategies on fenthion-induced organ dysfunction in rats. 1744 16

The authors previously reported a case of decreased pseudocholinesterase activity in a patient with HELLP syndrome. It was assumed that the reduced pseudocholinesterase activity in HELLP syndrome is associated with impaired liver function. The present study assesses the prevalence of low pseudocholinesterase in patients with HELLP syndrome. Serum pseudocholinesterase activity was determined with spectrophotometer in 15 patients with HELLP syndrome. Two control groups matched for gestational age were recruited: 15 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy and 15 women with severe preeclampsia without HELLP. The prevalence of reduced pseudocholinesterase activity lower than normal limit was 60.0% (9/15) in patients with HELLP syndrome, 33.3% (5/15) in patients with severe preeclampsia, and 6.6% (1/15) in women with normal pregnancy, respectively (P =.009). The pseudocholinesterase activity was found to correlate with serum alanine aminotransferase levels (r = 0.417, P = .006) and with serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (r = 0.462, P = .002). Considering the increased prevalence of reduced pseudocholinesterase activity in patients with HELLP syndrome, the authors suggest that whenever general anesthesia is applied in these patients, the anesthesiologist should be aware that the patient may show slow metabolic degradation of choline-ester drugs.
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PMID:Reduced pseudocholinesterase activity in patients with HELLP syndrome. 1763 31

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the hepatic damages following a subchronic exposure to malathion, an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide. Malathion was administered intragastrically in 1 ml corn oil containing 100 mg/kg Body Weight daily for 32 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were analysed using a non-denaturing electrophoresis. The serum activities of Pseudocholinesterase (PchE), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) were determined. Malathion exposure leads to a significant decrease in AchE activity, an increase in hepatic MDA, and in serum ASAT and ALAT activities. A positive correlation between serum transaminases levels and hepatic MDA was demonstrated. These results indicate that malathion exposure induced lipid peroxidation LPO, a process of degradation of membrane lipids, involving the deterioration of the cellular integrity. We have recorded a slight increase in antioxidant enzymes activities. This leads us to suggest an insufficient elimination of free radicals, causing cytotoxic effects.
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PMID:Biochemical evaluation of hepatic damage in subchronic exposure to malathion in rats: effect on superoxide dismutase and catalase activities using native PAGE. 1872 84

Previous research on the biological and toxic effects of nano-TiO(2) particles on animals only limit to a single dose. However, the toxicity caused by single dose nano-TiO(2) does not truly represent ecological and health effects of nano-TiO(2) retained in the environment. In order to further evaluate the toxicity of nano-TiO(2) particles, nano-anatase TiO(2) (5 nm) was injected into the abdominal cavity of ICR mice everyday for 14 days and the coefficients of organs and serum biochemical parameters were investigated. The results showed that, with increasing doses of nano-anatase TiO(2), the coefficients of liver, kidney, and spleen increased gradually, while the coefficients of lung and brain decreased gradually, and the coefficient of heart had little change. The order of the titanium accumulation in the organs was liver > kidneys > spleen > lung > brain > heart. The serum biochemical parameters with lower dose of nano-anatase TiO(2) showed little difference compared with the control mice, while with higher dose of nano-anatase TiO(2), the indicators of liver function, such as alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, leucine acid peptide, pseudocholinesterase, total protein, and albumin level, were enhanced significantly; the indicators of kidney function, such as uric acid and blood urea nitrogen, were decreased; the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, indicator of the myocardium function, were increased. The contents of triglycerides, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly elevated. Taken together, nano-anatase TiO(2) in higher dose caused serious damage to the liver, kidney, and myocardium of mice and disturbed the balance of blood sugar and lipid in mice. The accumulation of titanium in the organs might be closely related to the coefficients of organs and the inflammatory responses of mice.
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PMID:Biochemical toxicity of nano-anatase TiO2 particles in mice. 1906 34

The stress profiles of the hemogram and serum biochemistry were determined in the context of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni and Pb) exposure in the wild libyan jird, Meriones libycus, from one of Riyadh's polluted areas versus a reference site. Coupling the pronounced drop in platelets (PLT) (28%) and mean platelet volume (MPV) (17%) with the insignificant responses of other red blood cell indices, suggests bone marrow suppression that is characterized by thrombocytopenia as an initial abnormality. The species-specific stress leukogram for M. libycus is expressed by leukocytosis (66%), monocytosis (40%), lymphocytosis (23%) with eosinopenia (81%) and neutropenia (42%). Hyperglycemia (50%), hyper-low-density-lipoproteinemia (38%), hypocortisolism (85%) and hypotriglyceridemia (55%) depicted serum biochemistry profile. In polluted jirds, the elevated activities of pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and serum marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate aminotransferase AST and creatine kinase CK) strongly suggest functional damage of the liver and/or heart. A potential role of PChE in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism is implied in the joint rise of both indices and in the recognized relationship between PChE and lipid metabolites. While increased utilization in lipid metabolism and energy synthesis could rationalize the inhibition of the normal patterns of triglycerides and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the inhibited activities of LDH could additionally be attributed to its hormetic behavior towards low and high metal concentrations. The overall findings presented here documented the relevance of M. libycus in biomonitoring and predicting the risk imposed on human populations living in polluted areas.
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PMID:Impact of heavy metal pollution on the hemogram and serum biochemistry of the Libyan jird, Meriones libycus. 2160 6


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