Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between macroamylasaemia and coeliac disease in Down syndrome with multiple autoimmune abnormalities has never been reported. A 40-year-old woman with a 15-year history of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M hypergammaglobulinaemia, chronic diarrhoea, persistent mild aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation and anaemic syndrome was admitted to hospital because in the previous 3 months she had developed amenorrhoea, dizziness, alopecia, constipation, pallor and asthenia. Biochemical and immunological analyses showed macroamylasaemia. The patient presented clinical and intestinal histopathological features of coeliac disease. Immunological abnormalities included the presence of antigliadin, antiendomysium, antitransglutaminase, antinuclear, antismooth muscle and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. Macroamylase resulted in a complex of amylase and immunoglobulin A. Later clinical follow-up of a gluten-free diet showed a transitory decrease in seric immunoglobulin A and macroamylase with persistent autoantibodies and AST elevation. An intestinal mucosal immune disorder could lead to coeliac disease and macroamylasaemia in a patient with Down syndrome presenting other immune alterations.
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PMID:Macroamylasaemia, IgA hypergammaglobulinaemia and autoimmunity in a patient with Down syndrome and coeliac disease. 1273 20

The activities of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), creatine kinase (CK), amylase (AMS) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) have been used to assess the toxic effects of xenobiotics that have hypoglycaemic action in hepatic, pancreatic, renal and muscle tissue. Using a validated experimental model of diabetes mellitus in rats, we ascertained whether this syndrome itself affected the serum activities of these enzymes over a 53-day period. Levels of hepatic enzymes AST, ALT and ALP were higher in the streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats (group D), but were controlled by insulin therapy (group DI). AMS was reduced in group D and unchanged in group DI rats. Proteinuria was detected 1 day after STZ administration and partially controlled by insulin (group DI); its early presence in group D rats, and the lack of any change in serum ACE in this group, indicates that proteinuria is the better marker for microangiopathy. Microscopic examination of liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscles (soleus and extensor digitorum longus) revealed various alterations in group D rat tissues, which were less pronounced in group DI. The liver, pancreas and kidney tissue-damage was consistent with the altered serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and AMS and proteinuria. We conclude that: (i) rigorous control is required when these serum-enzyme levels are used as indicators of tissue toxicity in experimental diabetes, and (ii) LD, CK and bilirubin serum levels, which are unaffected by diabetes, can be used when testing effects of xenobiotics on tissues.
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PMID:Temporal response pattern of biochemical analytes in experimental diabetes. 1282 18

This study describes a free-hand technique for percutaneous pancreatic biopsy in cattle with ultrasound-guidance using a 14G spinal biopsy needle. Its safety was evaluated based on 36 consecutive procedures. To assess the immediate effects of pancreatic biopsy, 31 cows were necropsied shortly after the procedure and examined. The remaining five cows were examined daily for eight days and then necropsied and examined. No life-threatening complications nor clinically detectable abnormalities were observed. Changes indicative of inflammation were not apparent in total and differential WBC counts or in total protein and fibrinogen concentrations. A small increase of amylase activity was detected in only one cow kept for the eight-day observation period. Serum lipase activity increased significantly on day four after biopsy. Urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase remained within reference ranges. Changes in the peritoneum and pancreas observed at necropsy were negligible. We conclude that percutaneous ultrasound-guided pancreatic biopsy did not appear to influence the cow's condition adversely and the procedure provided an excellent method of obtaining a pancreatic specimen for histological examination. The procedure was considered safe, fast, cost-effective, and practical when performed properly. We believe that the technique can be used in cows with suspected pancreatic disease for making an ante mortem diagnosis.
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PMID:Transcutaneous ultrasound-guided pancreatic biopsy in cattle and its safety: a preliminary report. 1290 85

Acute paraquat poisoning is often fatal. Many studies have investigated successful treatment modalities, but no standard treatment yet exists. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of survival after acute paraquat poisoning in 602 patients. The paraquat exposure was assessed based on the amount of ingested paraquat and a semiquantitative measure of the urine level of paraquat. Initial clinical parameters including vital signs, hemoglobin, white-blood-cell count, pH, PaCO2, PaO2, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, amylase, and glucose were obtained at the time of arrival at the emergency room. Outcomes after acute paraquat poisoning were categorized as survivors and nonsurvivors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the predictors of survival after acute paraquat poisoning. Some patients (55.5%) survived after oral ingestion of paraquat, whereas all those exposed to paraquat percutaneous or inhalational route survived. The amount of paraquat (24.5% concentrate of 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridium dichloride) ingested was 45.6 +/- 74.1 mL (mean +/- SD). In addition to degree of paraquat exposure, survival after acute paraquat poisoning was associated with age, respiratory rate, pH, PaCO2, hemoglobin, white-blood-cell count, blood urea nitrogen, amylase, and the number of failed organs in multiple logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, young age, percutaneous or inhalational route, exposure to less paraquat, and lesser degrees of leukocytosis, acidosis, and renal, hepatic, and pancreatic failures on admission are good prognostic factors of survival after acute paraquat poisoning.
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PMID:Predictors of survival after acute paraquat poisoning. 1297 43

In order to investigate the effects of exposure to possible environmental pollutants such as Cd, Pb and Hg on haematological and serum biochemistry values, New Zealand White female rabbits were treated orally with distilled water solutions of CdSO4 x H2O, Pb(NO3)2 and HgCl2 (n = 4/treatment) in concentrations of 2.3, 4.1, and 30 mg/kg dry matter, respectively, for 28 days. The initial concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg in serum were significantly increased by the treatment. Exposure to Pb significantly decreased the red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration and the haematocrit (Hct) value. The Zn-protoporphyrin concentration did not change as a result of Pb exposure. Pb and Hg loading significantly increased the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was also increased by both Hg and Cd exposure. Comparing the treated and the control rabbits, all the trace elements studied significantly reduced the activity of enzymes in the pancreatic tissues. The haematological results indicate that hyperchromic macrocytic anaemia developed in rabbits treated with Pb. The increased activities of both AST and ALT indicate pathophysiological changes of the liver parenchyma, which was verified by focal fatty infiltration seen histopathologically. Cd exposure could exert a toxic effect on the kidneys, although the slight tubulonephrosis developed would not possibly affect the renal function. The reduced activities of amylase, trypsin, protease and lipase induced by Cd, Pb and Hg suggest toxicity to the pancreas.
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PMID:Effect of ingested heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) on haematology and serum biochemistry in rabbits. 1451 58

Here we report on the impact of completely unpurified islet transplantation on the portal vein pressure (PVP) and the hepatic biochemistry in the peritransplant period and on follow-up. Type I diabetic patients underwent simultaneous kidney and islet transplantation. Islets were not purified from the acinar tissue to prevent loss of endocrine mass. Each patient received a mean 521,846 +/- 201,539.4 islet equivalents (7812.1 islet equivalents/kg/recipient). Immunosuppression and peritransplant medication were given according to the Giessen protocol. The islets were injected into the left hepatic lobe through the umbilical vein. PVP was recorded at time 0 and every 5 min throughout cell infusion. Liver function was assessed daily for the first 10 days, and on follow-up. Basal, peak, and final PVP were 12 +/- 3.8, 25.1 +/- 7.9, and 19.5 +/- 6.2 mmHg, respectively (basal vs. final, p < 0.05). Bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, and APTT stayed within normal range. Peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum amylase were 109.4 +/- 61.2 IU/L (basal vs. peak, not significant), 79.5 +/- 56.9 IU/L (basal vs. peak, not significant), and 887.5 +/- 153.6 IU/L (basal vs. peak, p = 0.02), respectively. In all cases AST, ALT, and amylase normalized within 6 days posttransplant and remained so on follow-up (longest control, 33 months posttransplant). Although the intrahepatic infusion of unpurified pancreatic islets affects both the portal vein pressure and the hepatic biochemical profile, this effect is transient and does not compromise the safety of the procedure.
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PMID:Effect of the embolization of completely unpurified islets on portal vein pressure and hepatic biochemistry in clinical practice. 1504 Jun 6

Each of 102 Nordic routine clinical biochemistry laboratories collected blood samples from at least 25 healthy reference individuals evenly distributed for gender and age, and analysed 25 of the most commonly requested serum/plasma components from each reference individual. A reference material (control) consisting of a fresh frozen liquid pool of serum with values traceable to reference methods (used as the project "calibrator" for non-enzymes to correct reference values) was analysed together with other serum pool controls in the same series as the project samples. Analytical data, method data and data describing the reference individuals were submitted to a central database for evaluation and calculation of reference intervals intended for common use in the Nordic countries. In parallel to the main project, measurements of commonly requested haematology properties on EDTA samples were also carried out, mainly by laboratories in Finland and Sweden. Aliquots from reference samples were submitted to storage in a central bio-bank for future establishment of reference intervals for other properties. The 25 components were, in alphabetical order: alanine transaminase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, amylase pancreatic, aspartate transaminase, bilirubins, calcium, carbamide, cholesterol, creatine kinase, creatininium, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, iron, iron binding capacity, lactate dehydrogenase, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, triglyceride and urate.
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PMID:The Nordic Reference Interval Project 2000: recommended reference intervals for 25 common biochemical properties. 1522 94

In the Nordic Reference Interval Project (NORIP), data from 102 Nordic clinical chemical laboratories were obtained. Each laboratory reported analytical data on up to 25 of the most commonly used clinical biochemical properties, including results from each of a minimum of 25 reference individuals. A reference material consisting of a liquid frozen pool of serum with values traceable to reference methods (used as the project "calibrator" for non-enzymes to correct reference values) was measured together with other serum pool controls in each laboratory in the same analytical series as the project samples. The data on the controls were used to evaluate the analytical quality of the routine methods. For reference interval calculations, only such reference values on enzymes were accepted that were obtained by applying the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) compatible methods (37 degrees C), while "calibrator"-corrected reference values were used in the cases of non-enzymes. For each property, gender- and age-specific reference intervals were estimated, based on simple non-parametric calculations and using objective criteria to perform partitioning into subgroups. It is concluded that the same reference intervals are applicable in all five Nordic countries. The following descriptive data for the considered properties are presented in the tables: number of measurement values from each country and measurement system, certified/indicative target values for controls, differences between methods and measurement systems together with coefficients of variation, effects of control correction on the measurement values, differences between subgroups as determined by age, gender, country and material, and comparison of the new reference intervals with those presented in standard textbooks. The 25 components involved in this project were (listed in alphabetical order): Alanine transaminase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, amylase pancreatic type, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, calcium, carbamide, cholesterol, creatine kinase, creatininium, gamma-glutamyltransferase, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, iron, iron-binding capacity, lactate dehydrogenase, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, triglyceride and urate.
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PMID:Descriptive analytical data and consequences for calculation of common reference intervals in the Nordic Reference Interval Project 2000. 1522

As part of the Nordic Reference Interval Project we present reference intervals for alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT), amylase (AMY) and pancreatic type of AMY in blood of adult males and females. A total of 3036 reference persons, all of whom considered themselves to be in good health, were recruited by 102 Nordic clinical biochemical laboratories. Exclusions were undertaken on the basis of predefined biochemical and clinical criteria. Enzyme activities in serum and plasma were measured in the different laboratories using various commercially available routine measurement systems at 37 degrees C. Only results obtained with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) compatible measuring systems were selected for estimation of the enzyme reference intervals. The final number of results on each enzyme varied from 459 (LD) to 2300 (ALT). The 2.5 and 97.5 percentile reference limits were calculated by a non-parametric method in accordance with the IFCC recommendations, using the Refval 4.0 data program. Statistical partitioning testing was undertaken to decide whether the reference intervals ought to be partitioned according to gender and/or age. For most of the enzymes, but not for all, the upper reference limits were found to be higher than those that have been in general use until now.
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PMID:Reference intervals for eight enzymes in blood of adult females and males measured in accordance with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry reference system at 37 degrees C: part of the Nordic Reference Interval Project. 1522 1

Hepatotoxic substances such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produce free radical reactions during biotransformation damage to liver cells. Vitamins C and E are important natural antioxidants suppressing free radicals. This study investigated the effects of vitamins C and E on liver enzymes and other biochemical parameters in rabbits experimentally exposed to AFB1. The first group was control and fed the diet with dimethyl sulfoxide; the second group received 0.1 mg AFB1/kg diet; the third group received vitamin C (100 mg L-ascorbic acid/kg diet); the fourth group received vitamin E (100 mg alpha-tocopherol/kg diet); and the fifth group received vitamin C+vitamin E (100 mg L-ascorbic acid/kg diet+100 mg alpha-tocopherol/kg diet). Diets of the second, third, fourth and fifth groups were mixed with 0.1 mg AFB/kg diet) and feedings were continued for 10 w. Levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase after receiving AFB1 were significantly increased, while activities of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, amylase, creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase in groups receiving AFB1 + vitamins C, E or C+E were significantly lower than that of the AFB1-alone group. Although of the activity of alkaline phosphatase increased with AFB1 exposure, it decreased with vitamin C administration. Levels of urea, triglyceride, cholesterol and albumin were affected by AFB1 and AFB1+vitaminC. AFB1 affected some liver enzymes and other biochemical parameters, but vitamins C, E and C+E partially prevented an increase in these liver enzymes and some the biochemical parameters induced by AFB1.
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PMID:Effects of vitamin C and E on liver enzymes and biochemical parameters of rabbits exposed to aflatoxin B1. 1530 90


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