Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two hematological and biochemical variables routinely measured in dogs as part of a preoperative protocol have been analyzed for circannual changes by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and single cosinor procedures. Data were available from up to 489 adult mongrel dogs of both sexes studied on weekdays over a 5-year span (January 5, 1987 to December 18, 1991). Dogs were housed in individual cages at 24 +/- 1 degrees C with dog chow and tap water available ad libitum and lights on between 06:00 and 18:00 h. A single blood sample/dog was collected by jugular venipuncture between 08:00 and 09:00 h and sent to a commercial laboratory for hematological and biochemical determinations. Data were assigned to date and time of sampling and analyzed for the effect of time of year by ANOVA (across 12 months and 4 seasons), and by the least-squares fit of a precise 1-year cosine. ANOVA and single cosinor described a significant circannual time effect and rhythm for the following: total leukocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), BUN/creatinine ratio, amylase, glucose, chloride, uric acid, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio. A significant effect of season by ANOVA only was found for: Ca, Na, phosphorus, total bilirubin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and neutrophils. No significant time effect could be found at p < or = 0.05 by either statistical method for: K, Mg, Fe, cholesterol, triglycerides, ASP, red blood cells, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, or platelets. Acrophases occurred for the most part in either the winter or summer.
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PMID:Circannual variations in baseline blood values of dogs. 826 36

Alcoholism is a very important cause of congestive cardiomyopathy in man. The aim of this study was to examine a short-term effect of ethanol in rat cardiac muscle, using histologic, morphometric and biochemical methods. Experiments were carried out in Wistar male albino rats, divided into two groups: the control group consisting of eight animals receiving tap water, and the experimental group comprising eight animals received ethyl alcohol for ten days, in a single daily dose of 3 g ethanol/kg body weight, per os, using esophageal intubation. The mean volume weighted nuclear volume of cardiac myocytes was estimated by point sampled intercept method, by objective x 100. The mean cubed nuclear intercept length was multiplied by pi and divided by 3. For biochemical analysis, a 10% water tissue homogenate from the left ventricle was made. In the experimental group, the mean volume-weighted nuclear volume (15.08 +/- 5.20 microm3) was significantly lower than in the control group (51.32 +/- 7.83 microm3) (p < 0.001). The treatment of experimental animals with ethanol caused significant increase of aldolase (p < 0.0001) and aspartate transaminase (p < 0.05) activity in the rat cardiac tissue; at the same time, the enzyme activity of creatine phosphokinase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were not changed in the experimental group compared to the control values. The amount of the glucose in the cardiac muscle was greater in the experimental group compared to the control animals. Our results suggest that there is depression of cardiomyocyte nuclei in experimental animals treated with ethanol. Alcohol intake results in the loss of Krebs cycle enzymes and as a consequence there is greater utilization of fatty acids for energy production.
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PMID:Morphometric and biochemical characteristics of short-term effects of ethanol on rat cardiac muscle. 1066 13

Ischemia and reperfusion injury of the skeletal muscle is a common and serious condition observed in patients admitting to peripheral vascular surgery, interventional radiology and cardiology departments. Resveratrol (RVT) being a strong natural antioxidant is found in deal of red wine and Mediterranean diet. In the present study, male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups of equal size. The first group was the control group, and these rats were administered with tap water with a gastric tube for fourteen consecutive days once daily. According to the same protocol, the rats in the second group were treated with tap water containing 20 mg/kg RVT. All the rats in the two groups were subjected to acute hind limb ischemia through clamping of the abdominal aorta for 120 min. Following this procedure, 60 minutes of reperfusion was applied by reestablishing blood flow in both iliac arteries. Ischemic damage in the skeletal muscle tissue was assessed by measuring myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase, aspartate transaminase enzymes in venous blood samples obtained at the end of the reperfusion period. Oxidative stress caused by reperfusion was determined by measuring MDA, carbonyl and protein sulphydryl levels in quadriceps muscle tissue retrieved at the end of the experiment. In Group II rats, all the measured ischemic enzymes and the markers of oxidative stress reflected robust anti-ischemic properties obtained by RVT administration. The data from both groups revealed statistically significant protection against acute skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion injury in Group II rats, compared to Group I. As a major dietary flavonoid RVT can protect the skeletal muscle tissue against global ischemia and reperfusion injury because of its strong antioxidant and cytoprotective properties.
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PMID:Protective effects of resveratrol in ischemia-reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle: A clinically relevant animal model for lower extremity ischemia. 1705 53

Copper (Cu) is an integral part of many important enzymes involved in a number of vital biological processes. Even though Cu is essential to life, it can become toxic to cells, at elevated tissue concentrations. Oxidative damage due to Cu has been reported in recent studies in various tissues. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of excess Cu on oxidative and anti-oxidative substances in brain tissue in a rat model. Sixteen male Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups: the control group, which was given normal tap water, and the experimental group, which received water containing Cu in a dose of 1 g/l. All rats were sacrificed at the end of 4 wk, under ether anesthesia. Cu concentration in the liver and in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities were determined. There were multiparameter changes with significant ALT and AST activity elevation and increased liver Cu concentration. In brain tissue, Cu concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were determined. Brain Cu concentration was significantly higher in rats receiving excess Cu, compared with control rats (p < 0.05). Our results showed that SOD activities and GSH levels in brain tissue of the Cu-intoxicated animals were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01 and p < 0,001, respectively). The brain MDA levels were found to be significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The present results indicate that excessive Cu accumulation in the brain depressed SOD activities and GSH levels and resulted in high MDA levels in brain homogenate due to the lipid peroxidation induced by the Cu overload.
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PMID:Copper intoxication; antioxidant defenses and oxidative damage in rat brain. 1878 8

The purpose of this study carried out on male Wistar rats, was to evaluate the protective effects of regular ingestion of juice from the prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) cladodes against nickel chloride toxicity. Rats were given either normal tap water or water containing 25% of cactus juice for one month. Then, rats of each group were injected daily, for 10 days, with either NiCl(2) solution (4mg (30micromol)/kg body weight) or with the same volume of saline solution (300mM NaCl). Significant increases of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities and of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels were observed in blood of nickel-treated rats. In the liver, nickel chloride was found to induce an oxidative stress evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant enzymes activities. Superoxide-dismutase (SOD) activity was found to be increased whereas glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were decreased. These changes did not occur in animals previously given cactus juice, demonstrating a protective effect of this vegetal extract.
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PMID:Protective effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus indica) cladode extract upon nickel-induced toxicity in rats. 1895 Jun 72

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract against uranium (U)-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. The mice were randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of six animals: Group I (control) received tap water alone, Group II received U at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight, Group III received G. biloba at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight, Group IV received G. biloba at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight, Group V received G. biloba (50 mg/kg of body weight) and U (5 mg/kg of body weight), and Group VI received G. biloba (150 mg/kg of body weight) and U (5 mg/kg of body weight) by oral gavage for 5 days. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels were determined to assess liver and kidney function, respectively. Also, liver and kidney samples were taken for the determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and histopathological changes in liver and kidneys were investigated. The results indicated that there was a significant increase (P < .05) in selected serum parameters. Serum AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels significantly increased in mice treated with U alone when compared to the other groups. Moreover, U-induced oxidative damage caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and a significant increase in MDA levels of liver and kidney tissues. Treatment with G. biloba produced amelioration in biochemical indices of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity according to Group II. Each dose of G. biloba provided significant protection against U-induced toxicity, and its strongest effect was observed at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight. In vivo results showed that G. biloba extract is a potent protector against U-induced toxicity, and its protective role is dose-dependent.
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PMID:Protective role of Ginkgo biloba against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in uranium-treated mice. 2013 53

The effects of water supplementation of bee venom (BV) on performance, antioxidant activity, and liver function in Arbor Acres broiler chickens were investigated. Hence, 3 experimental treatment groups (control, 0.5 mg/L of BV, and 1 mg/L of BV) were allocated to 3 replicates of 5,000 one-day-old chicks each. The control group was kept on tap water, whereas the other 2 groups were supplied water supplemented with 0.5 and 1 mg of BV, respectively, per liter of drinking water. Broilers were provided ad libitum access to feed for the experimental period of 1 to 28 d of age. Supplementing drinking water with BV significantly increased BW gain at 28 d of age (P < 0.05). The average daily weight gain from d 1 to 28 was increased for birds supplemented with BV compared with control birds. The increase in BW gain was more pronounced with supplementation of 1 mg/L of BV compared with 0.5 mg/L of BV. An improved feed intake was noted in groups supplemented with BV as compared with control chicks. Liver function enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities including total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, and globulin were not changed by BV supplementation. Tap water supplementation of BV did not alter the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, heterophils, and lymphocytes. However, the antioxidative activities estimated as a superoxide dismutase-like activity of broiler chicks supplemented with BV was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in comparison with those without BV supplementation. These data indicate a possibility of better broiler performance through BV supplementation under conditions of severe stressful challenges the newly born chicks encounter.
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PMID:Effects of honeybee venom supplementation in drinking water on growth performance of broiler chickens. 2095 2

Fluoxetine (Flux) is a fluorine-containing drug that selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake. It is widely prescribed as a treatment for depression disorders. Hepatic side effects have been reported during Flux therapy. These reports led us to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress mechanisms in liver injury caused by Flux. It has been shown that exposure to fluoride (F(-)) induces excessive production of free radicals and affects the antioxidant defense system. Based on this knowledge, we examined the F(-) concentration in serum and urine during administration of Flux. In our study, the effects of one month of Flux treatment on lipid and protein peroxidation, the concentration of uric acid in the liver and the activity of transaminases and transferases in the serum were investigated in rats. Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups of six animals each: (I) controls who drank tap water and received 1 ml of tap water intragastrically; (II) animals that received 8 mg Flux/kg bw/day intragastrically; and (III) animals that received 24 mg Flux/kg bw/day intragastrically. Flux treatment increased of the levels of carbonyl groups, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and the uric acid content in the liver. The activities of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) increased in the serum of the treated groups. The Flux levels in the plasma of the treated rats increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. We observed no changes in the concentration of fluoride in either the serum or the urine of treated rats compared to the control group. In conclusion, our study indicates that Flux induces liver damage and mediates free radical reactions. Our data also indicate that Flux does not release F(-) during metabolism and does not affect physiological levels of F(-) in the serum or urine.
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PMID:Impact of fluoxetine on liver damage in rats. 2160 99

A 14-day-old neonate was transferred to our university hospital because of respiratory distress and mild disturbance of consciousness. He had no history of abnormal pregnancy or delivery, but had developed apnea at 6 days old. Thereafter, respiratory distress progressed and his condition deteriorated. On admission to our hospital, several vesicles were found on the left upper arm, and moderate hepatomegaly was also present. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type II genome was detected from serum, spinal fluid, and bone marrow. Laboratory examinations revealed typical abnormalities of disseminated intravascular coagulation, increased levels of serum ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Bone marrow aspiration demonstrated activated macrophages and hemophagocytosis. Spinal tap revealed numerous mononuclear cells. Meningitis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) due to systemic HSV type II infection were thus diagnosed. Acyclovir (60 mg/kg/day) and vidarabine were promptly administered. Dexamethasone palmitate and intravenous cyclosporine were also administered for systemic inflammation due to VAHS. Finally, these aggressive therapies rescued the patient without any sequelae. In general, neonatal systemic HSV infection is life-threatening and results in poor intact survival. Our case report suggests that not only antiviral treatment for HSV, but also anti-inflammatory treatment including steroid and cyclosporine should be considered from the early phase of neonatal systemic HSV infection.
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PMID:[Neonatal herpes simplex type II virus infection complicated with meningitis and virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome]. 2237 49

Forty-two New Zealand White male rabbits were housed individually in wire cages and randomly distributed among six experimental groups of seven rabbits each, during 16 to 61 weeks of age. There were three main nitrate groups: 0 (tap water), 350 and 700 ppm. Within the 700 ppm of nitrate, there were four subgroups, in which one group was used as control group and the other three groups were supplemented with either 200 ppm of ascorbic acid (vitamin (Vit) C), 200 ppm of Vit E with 0.2 ppm of selenium (Se) and 1000 ppm of probiotic. The nitrate was supplemented as a sodium nitrate. The aim is to test the ability of Vit C and Vit E, Se and probiotic on the deleterious effects (blood and seminal plasma biochemical constituents, semen quality and productive performance) of nitrate in drinking water. Rabbits given nitrate at 700 ppm had significantly lower plasma globulin, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hgb), packed cell volume % (PCV%) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) than those given the other concentrations of nitrate. Vit C, Vit E with Se and probiotic resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) greater Hgb, RBCs, PCV% and TAC than those of bucks given water supplemented with only 700 ppm nitrate, but the aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations in seminal plasma were lower. Testosterone in the blood plasma and the seminal plasma was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in rabbits given 700 ppm nitrate than in those given other concentrations of nitrate. Vit C, Vit E with Se and the probiotic significantly increased testosterone, fertility, number of offspring and total offspring weight of rabbits sired by bucks supplemented with 700 ppm of nitrate.
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PMID:The detoxication of nitrate by two antioxidants or a probiotic, and the effects on blood and seminal plasma profiles and reproductive function of New Zealand White rabbit bucks. 2317 68


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