Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the effects of liver iron overload and fibrosis after treatment with a chelating agent in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected thalassemia, from April 1999 to July 2004, 45 patients with thalassemia major (age range 9-33 years, mean 19.3) received daily deferiprone (L1) for 23-60 months (75 mg/kg). The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their hepatitis status (27 with, 18 without). Their serum was analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), bilirubin (total/direct), r-glutamyl transpeptidase (r-GT), alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P), and ferritin. Liver iron overload and fibrosis were defined by a senior pathologist. No significant differences were demonstrated in serum levels of GPT, GOT, bilirubin, r-GT, Alk-P or ferritin; comparison was made for each group before and after L1 treatment. Iron scores were 2.3 +/- 0.9 and 2.8 +/- 0.9 for the hepatitis C negative and positive groups, respectively (p = 0.07), with liver fibrosis scores of 1.0 +/- 0.5 and 0.4 +/- 0.52 (p = 0.56). The two scores were not higher for the positive group. There was no evidence of: 1) greater iron overload and fibrosis in the HCV-infected thalassemic patients; 2) L1 inducing progressive hepatic fibrosis or worsening iron overload in HCV-infected thalassemic patients after long-term therapy; 3) further damage to liver cells associated with L1 treatment.
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PMID:Effect of deferiprone on liver iron overload and fibrosis in hepatitis-C-virus-infected thalassemia. 1679 45

Chemoprevention is an important alternative approach to control cancer. Chemical substances with multiple inhibitory properties would be a welcome addition to the class of chemopreventive drugs. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and cancer preventive activities of aqueous extract of a macrofungus Phellinus rimosus (Berk) Pilat. The extract exhibited superoxide anion (O2-), hydroxyl radical (*OH), nitric oxide (NO*) scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibiting activities. The inhibitory concentrations required by the extract to scavenge 50% (IC50) of the superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide generated were 126 +/- 5.1, 71 +/- 4.7 and 31 +/- 4.5 microg/ml respectively. The concentration required to inhibit 50% of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate was 318 +/- 2.4 microg/ml. The extract showed significant (P<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity in a dose dependent manner. Extract (100 mg/kg body wt, p.o) inhibited 44.5, 45.4 and 47% carrageenen, dextran and formalin induced inflammations respectively. The antimutagenic activity was determined by the Ames' Salmonella mutagenecity assay using histidine mutant Salmonella typhimurium strains. The extract at concentration of 5 mg/plate showed antimutagenecity against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 4-nitro-o-pheneylenediamine (NPDA) induced mutations of TA98 and TA100 respectively. Anticarcinogenic activity was evaluated using N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and lipid peroxidation level (MDA) were elevated significantly (P<0.05) in the NDEA alone treated group of animals. Treatment of the extract (25 and 50 mg/kg body wt, p.o.) prior to the NDEA administration decreased the serum GGT, GOT, GPT and ALP activities and MDA level in a dose dependent manner. The NDEA alone treated animals showed altered serum albumin/globulin ratio (A:G ratio), hyperfibrinogenaemia, increased hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, glutathione-peroxidsae (GPx) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) level compared to the extract plus NDEA treated group. The extract also inhibited in vitro aniline hydroxylase (AH) activity of rat liver induced by phenobarbitone in a dose dependent manner. The results, thus suggest the significant chemopreventive properties of the aqueous extract of the Phellinus rimosus against NDEA induced hepatocellular carcinoma by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic activities.
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PMID:Chemopreventive activity of a macrofungus Phellinus rimosus against N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rat. 1702 71

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible role of serum levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the pathogenesis of the progressive inflammation and fibrosis in biliary atresia (BA). Serum concentrations of TIMP-1 were measured in 57 BA patients and 15 healthy controls using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The mean ages of the BA patients and the controls were 6.1 +/- 0.6 and 6.7 +/- 1.1 years, respectively. The patients were categorized into two groups according to their clinical outcomes: patients with jaundice (total bilirubin > or = 2 mg/dl) and patients without jaundice (total bilirubin < 2 mg/dl). In our study, serum levels of TIMP-1 were significantly higher in the BA patients than in healthy subjects (4.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). Additionally, serum levels of TIMP-1 significantly increased in the BA patients with jaundice in comparison to those without jaundice (6.3 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, respectively; p = 0.001). Patients with persistent jaundice had lower levels of albumin but had greater levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase compared with patients without jaundice. Furthermore, patients with portal hypertension (PH) had higher TIMP-1 levels than those without PH (5.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). It is concluded that serum levels of TIMP-1 increased in patients with BA. The significant increase in TIMP-1 levels is related to the presence of PH and the severity of jaundice. The elevated TIMP-1 levels may reflect the degree of hepatic fibrosis and development of PH. The data suggest that TIMP-1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of post-Kasai BA.
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PMID:Association of serum levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 with clinical outcome in children with biliary atresia. 1713 82

We investigated the therapeutic effect of oculo-acupuncture on dogs induced with acute hepatic injury. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in 8 mongrel dogs (4 females and 4 males, aged 2 to 4 years). The dogs were divided into the control group (4 dogs) and the experimental group (4 dogs). The experimental group was treated with oculo-acupuncture at the liver/gallbladder regions plus the zhong jiao region of the eye after the induction of hepatic injury. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities were measured in both control and experimental groups. The serum AST, ALT, and GGT activities in the experimental group were decreased as compared to those in the control group. The significant differences were detected on the third day (AST, p < 0.05), second day (ALT, p < 0.05) and third day (GGT, p < 0.05) in the experimental group, respectively. Oculo-acupuncture alleviated acute liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in dogs was also confirmed by histopathological examination. We concluded that oculo-acupuncture at the liver/gallbladder regions plus the zhong jiao region was effective in the recovery of dogs from hepatic injury in a CCl(4)-induced model.
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PMID:The effect of oculo-acupuncture on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in dogs. 1726 50

A 37-year-old female subject had been convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol, and 19 months later, claimed abstinence after supervised disulfiram treatment. Our aim was to elucidate the value of direct ethanol metabolites as measures of abstinence. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in hair, phosphatidylethanol in whole blood and EtG and ethyl sulphate in urine were measured. The results were compared with self-report of alcohol consumption and traditional blood biomarkers for chronically elevated alcohol consumption as carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. EtG was found in distal parts of hair only, whereas the proximal parts were negative. Furthermore, FAEE concentrations were found in the typical distribution over the hair length and showed values typical for either moderate social drinking or abstinence. CDT was above cut-off in 9 out of 16 analyses with a decreasing tendency and the lowest values in the last 2 months before the end of sampling. The data suggest that in addition to traditional markers, a combination of direct ethanol metabolites can be useful in the expert assessment of judging driving ability. A careful individual interpretation of the results for the different markers, however, is an absolute necessity.
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PMID:Measurement of direct ethanol metabolites in a case of a former driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol offender, now claiming abstinence. 1825 45

Free radicals cause cell injury, when they are generated in excess or when the antioxidant defense is impaired. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is used as a model for liver injury. In this study antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of A. fertilisima (EEA) was investigated using CCl4 intoxicated rat liver as the experimental model. Oral administration of EEA at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, for 14 consecutive days, the rate of the production of antioxidant enzymes like super oxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase in rats compared to the CCl4 treated group without any supporting treatment. Liver damage is detected by the measurement of the activities of serum enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase which were released in to the blood from damaged cells. The normalization of these enzymes levels was observed in rats treated with EEA (100 mg/kg body weight) by reducing the leakage of the above enzymes in to the blood. The findings provide a rationale for further studies on isolation of active principles and its pharmacological evaluation. Protection offered by silymarin (standard reference drug) seemed relatively greater.
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PMID:Antioxidant activity of Aulosira fertilisima on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats. 1869 72

This study evaluates the effect of water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane (major components of municipal waste in Nigeria) on the cellular system of Clarias gariepinus. Standard enzyme assays were conducted for alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase of selected tissues of C. gariepinus cultivated in contaminated water over a period of 56 days. Generally, a significant decrease in the activity of the enzymes of the tissues of C. gariepinus cultivated in contaminated water was observed relative to the control (p<0.05). Particularly, activity of alkaline phosphatase of liver of C. gariepinus cultivated in phthalate contaminated water was found to be 8.26+/-1.42 while that of control was 14.42+/-1.09. The activity of serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase of serum of the same group of fish was found to be twice that of control. It could be inferred that membrane integrity of the tissues studied are compromised and that tissue dysfunction may result. Consumption of C. gariepinus cultivated in water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane could pose threats to public health.
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PMID:Effect of water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane on Clarias gariepinus' cellular system. 1945 44

Carvacrol (2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-phenol) is a predominant monoterpenic phenol occuring in many essential oils of the family Labiatae including, Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra, Thymus, and Corydothymus species. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of carvacrol on D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. D-GalN-hepatotoxic rats exhibited elevation in the serum bilirubin level and the activities of the hepatic marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. In the plasma, increased levels of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed. Further, an increase in the levels of total cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, and free fatty acids in the plasma and tissues of liver and kidney were observed in hepatotoxic rats. The administration of carvacrol for 21 days prevented and improved these parameters toward normalcy. The results suggest that carvacrol affords a significant hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effect against D-GalN-induced-rats.
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PMID:Antihyperlipidemic effect of carvacrol on D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats. 1960 92

ABSTRACT Azathioprine (AZA), one of the widely prescribed immunosuppressant drugs in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases, could cause hepatotoxicity in the course of therapy. The current work was designed to assess the protective role of the dietary flavonoid, quercetin (QE), in oxidative hepatic damage induced by AZA. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups. Two groups were treated with single intraperitoneal injection of AZA (50 mg/kg body weight); one of these groups was pretreated with QE (50 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally once a day for 7 days. A vehicle treated control group and a QE control group were also included. Hepatotoxicity, evident from increased levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum 24 h after AZA treatment, was significantly (p < 0.05) normalized by QE pretreatment. AZA administered rats displayed declined levels of endogenous antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione (GSH)], along with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). However, pretreatment with QE significantly precluded lipid peroxidation and maintained the activities of antioxidant defenses at a near normal status. Besides, AZA induced oxidative stress and subsequent DNA damage was effectively manifested by QE, which was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. These findings highlight the salubrious effect of QE as a hepatoprotectant in AZA-induced oxidative stress mediated hepatic injury.
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PMID:Mitigation of azathioprine-induced oxidative hepatic injury by the flavonoid quercetin in wistar rats. 2002 Aug 51

Increased liver enzyme activities are sensitive indicators of primary hepatic disease, but they are also associated with extrahepatic diseases. The patient's signalment, clinical status, and pattern of liver enzyme activity can help in interpreting findings. The three basic liver enzyme patterns are (1) cholestatic, (2) hepatocellular leakage, and (3) mixed. Predominant increases in the activities of the cholestatic or inducible enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and I(3)-glutamyl transpeptidase, occur with endocrine disorders, cholestasis, neoplasia, benign nodular hepatic hyperplasia, and administration of certain drugs and occur idiopathically in certain breeds. Predominant increases in the activities of the hepatocellular leakage enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, occur with circulatory disturbances, hepatotoxicities, infectious diseases, hepatitis, and neoplasia. A mixed pattern of increased liver enzyme activities may occur with hepatotoxicity or concurrent cholestasis and hepatocellular injury or necrosis.
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PMID:Liver enzyme elevations in dogs: physiology and pathophysiology. 2018 Feb 6


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