Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Severe hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis leading to early liver failure has been reported only exceptionally. Of 259 HCV-infected renal transplant (RT) patients in one hospital unit, four (1.5%) are described, representing the first series of this particular post-RT disease. Patient mean age was 55.7 yr. Three were men. All had pretransplant, hepatitis B surface antigen-negative and were anti-HCV antibodies positive. Three of them showed pretransplant mild liver enzyme abnormalities, and all received kidneys from HCV-negative donors. All were on steroids, cyclosporine, and azathioprine (AZA). The clinical pattern appeared early after RT (mean, 11.5 mo). In three patients, hyperbilirubinemia (6.5 to 20 mg/dl) and high alkaline phosphatase levels (428 to 859 IU/L) were observed. Also, in all subjects, high gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels (639 to 4270 IU/L), mild aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase abnormalities, and serum HCV RNA were observed. Liver biopsy revealed diffuse fibrosis, leukocyte infiltrates, and different degrees of cholestasis, with typical signs of HCV hepatitis in only one patient. Two patients developed subfulminant liver failure and died 2 and 3 mo after biopsy, respectively. One patient also suffered hepatic failure, receiving a liver transplant. The fourth is alive on dialysis awaiting a combined kidney and liver transplant. It is concluded that fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis is a new, early, and severe complication after RT in HCV(+) patients, which appears in patients with ongoing HCV infection under AZA therapy, despite a nonaggressive immunosuppressive protocol. Both HCV and AZA could play a concurrent role in the pathogenesis of this severe complication after RT.
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PMID:Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis in hepatitis C virus-infected renal transplant recipients. 962 Dec 97

Reference values for some hematologic parameters in 19 species and plasma chemical values in 11 species of Psittacine birds, including cockatoos, parrots, amazons, macaws, conures, and lories, were established for use in veterinary medicine. The following parameters were studied: hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte number, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte dimensions, leukocyte number and differential leukocyte count, glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total plasma protein, albumin, globulins, albumin-globulin ratio, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, total phosphorus, chloride, and osmolality. Hematologically, the Psittacine is a very homogeneous avian group, with small differences between species. They are, however, different from other groups of birds.
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PMID:Hematologic and plasma chemistry values in captive psittacine birds. 977 53

Two diets containing no (<1.0 mg/ kg) or 95 mg of fumonisin B1 (FB1)/kg were fed to eight weanling Angora goats for 112 d. Dry matter intake, apparent nutrient digestibilities, serum chemistry profiles, sphingolipid concentrations, and persistency of FB1 in tissues were evaluated. No differences (P>.10) were found between control and treated goats in terms of DMI, apparent nutrient digestibilities, or ADG. Elevated concentrations (P<.10) of blood-borne enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and increased concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides indicated mild liver damage and kidney dysfunction in treated goats. Linear relationships (P<.10) were observed between these serum constituents and duration of FB1 exposure. The sphingolipid analysis of liver, kidney, and heart tissues showed elevated free sphinganine:free sphingosine ratios in the treated group. The elevated sphingolipid ratios were mainly due to increased concentrations of free sphinganine in tissues. However, without serum profile and sphingolipid analyses, fumonisin toxicosis would not have been recognized because treated animals showed no clinical signs of toxicosis throughout the trial. No measurable FB1 was present in liver, kidney, and heart tissues (detection limit of 1 ppm). However, further research is needed to analyze tissues for FB1 or its metabolites with a lower detection limit. In conclusion, goats can be fed for up to 112 d with diets containing 95 mg FB1/kg of diet without any overt signs of toxicosis and also without any effect on live weight gain.
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PMID:Effects of fumonisin B1-contaminated feeds on weanling angora goats. 985 97

Chronic occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate-type pesticides significantly inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and causes morbidity. This study on mice was designed to evaluate their amino profile and to identify signs of hepatic dysfunction following their chronic exposure to mixtures of organophosphorus pesticides. Laboratory mice were exposed to a formulated mixture of the six organophosphorus pesticides (Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos, Profenofos, Pirimiphos methyl, Triazophos and Dimethoate) most commonly used in agriculture in this region of the Middle East. Doses (10% of LD50 of the mixture) were given once a week by gavage in corn oil for 7 weeks; the control group was given only corn oil. At the end of the exposure period, mice were culled and blood samples were collected to determine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity, biochemical markers of liver function and concentrations of serum amino acids. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity and total serum proteins decreased significantly in the exposed group. Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, ornithine, proline, serine, threonine and valine were significantly increased in the exposed mice, while serum levels of cystine were decreased significantly. There were also non-significant increases in serum alkaline phosphatase, gama-glutamyl transpeptidase and some of the other amino acids. Chronic exposure to mixtures of organophosphorus pesticides is associated with decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, hepatic dysfunction and disturbance of amino acids profile. Biochemical indices of hepatocellular injury and disturbed amino acid metabolism may be of value as markers of chronic exposure to such pesticides.
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PMID:Hepatic injury and disturbed amino acid metabolism in mice following prolonged exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. 1002 66

About 50 mg of silver leaf (metallic silver) was given daily by mouth to 30 healthy volunteers for 20 days. A statistically significant hypophospholipidemic, hypotriglyceridemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effect was observed. This was accompanied by a less marked fall in total lipids and significant rise in HDL-cholesterol. In addition, a decrease in plasma enzymes - alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was noted. This was statistically significant for all enzymes except CPK. The safety of ingested silver foil is indicated by absence of pathology in urine and unaltered levels of protein and albumin in the plasma. These observations suggest that silver could be beneficial in conditions like diabetes mellitus, obesity and atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Effect of silver leaf on circulating lipids and cardiac and hepatic enzymes. 1023 75

The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection in hepatitis C virus positive (HCV+ve) renal transplant (RT) patients and to evaluate the impact of HGV both on liver function tests, liver histology tests and renal parameters such as the prevalence of acute rejection and renal function. Seventy-one HCV+ve renal transplant patients with a functioning graft for whom a post renal transplant liver biopsy was available, were included. Serum HGV RNA was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction before, at the time of, and after renal transplantation. A total of 21 (30%) of the HCV+ve RT patients had a positive HGV RNA (Group 1); seventeen of these patients (81%) were already HGV RNA+ve when the most recent renal transplantation was performed. The other 4 patients became HGV RNA+ve following renal transplantation. The mean duration of HGV infection was at least 119 +/- 64 months (18-240). Patients in group 1 did not statistically differ from the 50 HGV RNA-ve/HCV+ve RT patients (Group 2) according to sex ratio; time on dialysis; number of blood transfusions; HLA matching; the duration of HCV infection; duration and type of immunosuppression or levels of liver enzymes i.e. aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; serum HCV RNA concentration; or frequency of genotype 1b. However, Group 1 patients were statistically younger (41 +/- 10 y compared to 47 +/- 10 y; p = 0.016) than Group 2 patients. Liver histology showed a significantly lower degree of fibrosis in Group 1 (0.4 +/- 0.5) than in Group 2 (1 +/- 1.2; p = 0.02); two patients from Group 2 but none of Group 1 had overt cirrhosis. Conversely, the extent of hepatic inflammation and hepatocellular necrosis was not statistically different between the two groups. The number of patients who experienced at least one acute rejection episode was significantly higher in Group 1 (76.2%) than in Group 2 (46%; p = 0.02), although the difference was no longer significant in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, this study shows that: i) HGV infection was often present when the patients seroconverted for HCV; ii) HGV RNA+ve/HCV+ve RT patients experience acute rejection more frequently than HGV RNA-ve/HCV+ve RT patients; iii) HGV infection seems to have no detrimental effect upon liver enzymes or liver histology in HCV+ve RT patients.
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PMID:[Long-term consequences of co-infection by hepatitis G virus in hepatitis c virus infected kidney transplant patients]. 1041 7

A strong association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) has been observed, but the implications of the viral infection in the metabolism of porphyrins in patients without clinical manifestations of PCT are not known. The levels of porphyrin in plasma and uroporphyrin (URO) and coproporphyrin (COPRO) in 24-hour urine were measured in 156 patients with chronic HCV infection showing no clinical evidence of PCT. Levels of URO higher than the upper limit were observed in 35 of 156 patients (22.4%). The range and the mean values +/- standard deviation were 26-1,196 microg/24 hours and 82 +/- 204 microg/24 hours. Increased levels of COPRO and plasma porphyrin were observed in 12 of 156 patients (7.7%) and 2 of 156 patients (1.3%) respectively. There were no differences between patients with increased URO levels and patients with normal URO levels in terms of gender, age, risk factors for HCV infection, alcohol abuse, or hepatitis B viral infection. Transferrin saturation (p = 0.040), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.006), and alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.040) were significantly higher in patients with abnormal URO than in patients with normal URO. The frequency of cirrhosis was higher, but not significantly different, in patients with increased URO (16.7%) compared with patients with normal URO (3.8%). The authors demonstrated that even without a clinical manifestation of PCT it is possible to detect abnormalities in the metabolism of porphyrins in patients with chronic HCV infection. The implications of these findings deserve additional investigation.
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PMID:Abnormal uroporphyrin levels in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. 1059 35

The effect of aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) was evaluated in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Liver necrosis was produced by administering single dose of paracetamol (2 g/kg, p.o.). The liver damage was evidenced by elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and by histopathological observations of liver sections. Aqueous A. indica leaf extract (500 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced these elevated levels of AST, ALT and gamma-GT. Paracetamol induced liver necrosis was also found to be reduced as observed macroscopically and histologically.
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PMID:Effect of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf aqueous extract on paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. 1091 97

We compared liver and renal function after volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane and minimal dose sufentanil versus total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with moderate dose of midazolam and sufentanil in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Eighty nine patients were studied retrospectively after VIMA (44 patients) or after TIVA (45 patients). Liver and renal function were measured before (T0), then 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 5 (T3) days and 6 weeks (T4) after the operation. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in both groups at T1, T2 and T3 and the highest levels were at T1. Levels of total bilirubin (TBil) increased at T1 only in the TIVA group. Levels of g-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), increased in both groups at T3. Serum levels of creatinine (Cr) were high in both groups on T1 and T2. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was high in both group at T2, and T3 with the peak levels in T2. Six weeks after the operation all liver and renal functions were normal in both groups. We concluded that VIMA with sevoflurane during cardiac surgery has no untoward effects on liver or renal functions. The transient reversible elevation was comparable in the VIMA and TIVA groups which was most probably due to the effect of the operation itself.
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PMID:Liver and renal function after volatile induction and maintenance of anesthesia (VIMA) with sevoflurane versus TIVA with sufentanil-midazolam for CABG surgery. 1173 84

The radioprotective effect of silymarin using different modes of treatment against radiation (3 or 6 Gy) induced hepatotoxicity 1, 3 and 7 days post-irradiation was studied. Whole-body gamma-irradiation revealed an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity as well as liver glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities on the first post-exposure day with respect to the control value. However, 3 days after radiation exposure, these parameters showed a significant decrease below the control level which persisted till the end of the experimental time except for serum AP activity that showed another increase on the seventh post-exposure day at 3 Gy dose of radiation. A gradual increase in serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT&AST) as well as gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activities were observed due to irradiation throughout the experimental time. Administration of silymarin as single (70 mg kg (-1)), fractionated (490 mg kg (-1)) oral doses or as intravenous (i.v.) injection (50 mg kg (-1)), caused significant protection. Intravenous treatment showed the most pronounced protection. The protective effect of silymarin was attributed to its antioxidant and free radicals scavenging properties.
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PMID:Radioprotective effect of silymarin against radiation induced hepatotoxicity. 1216 44


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