Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT, EC. 2.3.2.2. was measured in 173 patients with diseases of the hepatobiliary system (including metastatic cancer) and in 90 patients who were subsequently shown to have primary diseases of other etiology. All patients had been selected because they had abnormal alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase or bilirubin on SMA 12/60 screening. Serum GGT was elevated in 97% of patients with primary hepatobiliary disease. The magnitude of the increase in GGT was variable in all groups and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, even between medical and surgical cases. Moreover, GGT was abnormal in 69 patients who did not have primary hepatobiliary disease (77%), an incidence higher than that for other enzyme tests performed. We conclude that because GGT was more susceptible than other tests to spurious elevation in the absence of hepatobiliary disease and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, it has little value apart from monitoring alcohol abuse and enzyme induction.
 ...
PMID:Lack of value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. 3 86

The systemic administration of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can lead to significant antitumor responses in some patients with metastatic cancer in whom standard therapy has failed. A limitation of this immunotherapy is the toxicity associated with IL-2 infusion. To assess toxicity, we determined aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2), lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27), alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1), creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2), total bilirubin (TBI), direct bilirubin (DBI), creatinine, urea nitrogen, and C-reactive protein in serum from 21 patients before and during five consecutive days of IL-2 treatment. Ten patients were followed for an additional five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. The IL-2 infusion caused liver toxicity and prerenal azotemia, as evidenced by significant increases (P less than 0.05) of all analytes except CK by day 1. There was a progressive increase in the results (except CK) for these tests until IL-2 treatment was stopped. Seven tests related to liver function (AST, ALT, GGT, LD, ALP, DBI, and TBI) showed increases, but the test results indicated significant improvement and moved toward the baseline value five days after the end of IL-2 therapy. Concentrations of creatinine and urea nitrogen in serum were normal three days after the cessation of IL-2 therapy.
 ...
PMID:Changes in laboratory results for cancer patients treated with interleukin-2. 231 Dec 9

Haematological and biochemical investigations were performed on 14 koalas with uncomplicated cystitis, 8 with complicated cystitis, 8 with conjunctivitis, 8 with lymphosarcoma, and 14 with miscellaneous diseases. Changes were limited and inconsistent in individual koalas with uncomplicated cystitis and conjunctivitis. In contrast, individual koalas with complicated cystitis were more likely to have anaemia, leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, hypoproteinaemia due to hypoalbuminaemia, and azotaemia due to elevated urea concentration. Although these changes were non-specific they did allow assessment of prognosis for survival and response to treatment. Koalas with lymphosarcoma were invariably anaemic, leukaemic, azotaemic and hypoalbuminaemic. Elevated enzymes (aspartate transaminase [AST]. lactate dehydrogenase [LD] and gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT]) were more common in koalas with lymphosarcoma. Koalas affected by miscellaneous conditions showed variable changes but once again anaemia, leukocytosis, azotaemia, elevated AST and LD, and hypoalbuminaemia were not uncommon. On the basis of these findings a minimal profile is suggested for the investigation of sick koalas and would include haematocrit, total and differential leukocyte counts, urea, total protein and albumin concentrations and AST, GGT and LD activities.
 ...
PMID:Haematological and biochemical investigations of diseased koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). 281 69

Serum mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities were measured in 303 outpatients upon visits to their general practitioner. Alcohol consumption was evaluated by interview, using a standard questionnaire. Thirty-four patients drank more than 80 g of alcohol per day but none complained of an alcohol-related disease. These 34 heavy drinkers presented a mean serum mAST value which was significantly higher than that of the 269 normal drinkers; however, only 14 out of the 34 (41%) exhibited an increased mAST value. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive value of the mAST/tAST ratio were 0.29, 0.77 and 0.13, respectively; the corresponding figures for GGT were 0.5, 0.81 and 0.23, respectively. These results are in sharp contrast with those obtained for mAST activity in a population of hospitalized alcoholics. The explanation may lie in differences in alcohol consumption, in nutritional status and in the frequency of alcohol-related diseases in inpatients as compared to outpatients.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of mAST/tAST ratio as a marker of alcohol misuse in a non-selected population. 281 50

The causes of individuality of the plasma enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT; EC 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) were investigated in a study of 206 pairs of twins. Between-person variance was greater in men than women, while within-person variation was similar in both sexes. Plasma ALT and AST levels were affected by genetic factors, while GGT was affected by some environmental factor shared by co-twins. In the men, alcohol intake had a significant but small effect on all three enzyme levels, and since alcohol consumption was highly heritable, this appeared as a genetic influence on enzyme activities. The major factors involved in the observed correlations between these enzymes were a non-shared environmental factor other than alcohol affecting ALT, AST and GGT, and a genetic factor affecting only ALT and AST.
 ...
PMID:Individual differences in plasma ALT, AST and GGT: contributions of genetic and environmental factors, including alcohol consumption. 286 Oct 87

Excessive alcohol intake causes bone loss. Alcohol abuse is a commonly associated disorder in femoral neck fractures in men, but little attention is given to such an association in women. Using serum biochemical and haematological markers (mean red cell volume MCV, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase GGT, aspartate transaminase AST, uric acid UA and triglyceride TG) alcohol abuse was assessed in 14 men and 93 women with non-violent fractures of the hip. Abnormal elevations in one or more of the five test pairs known to correlate with increasing alcohol consumption (GGT/MCV, GGT/AST, AST/MCV, MCV/UA) were found in 7.1% of men, and 11.8% of women. When abnormal results in other test pairs were included the prevalence rose to 14.3% in men and 20.4% in women. These figures are higher than those reported for the general population of elderly people.
 ...
PMID:Serum biochemical and haematological markers of alcohol abuse in patients with femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures. 289 45

We have developed a new multienzyme control serum, Seraclear-HE, which was designed to function not only as an accuracy and precision control serum but also as an intermethod calibrator for unifying interlaboratory clinical enzyme data in terms of reference method values. Seraclear-HE contains as analytes the following enzymes of human origin only: aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) from erythrocytes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) from a hepatoma cell line; alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) from an amnion cell line; creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2) from an embryo kidney cell line; gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) from a macrophage cell line; and amylase (AMY, EC 3.2.1.1) from urine and saliva. The seven partly purified enzymes were lyophilized in partially delipidated human serum containing sucrose (50 g/L), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (30 mmol/L), and other stabilizers. The material is stable for at least 2 years at temperatures < or = 10 degrees C. For two concentrations of this preparation, reference method values (mainly International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Japan Society of Clinical Chemistry) obtained at both 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C are assigned.
 ...
PMID:Multienzyme control serum (Seraclear-HE) containing human enzymes from established cell lines and other sources. 1: Preparation and properties. 753 43

The object of the study was to discover the changes in the plasma activities of hepatic enzymes in patients on anticonvulsant drugs. The plasma activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutamyltransferase (GGT) were studied in 123 unselected patients on anticonvulsants. The results were compared with 123 control patients not on anticonvulsants matched for age and sex. Patients with known liver disease were excluded. The plasma activities of AST and ALP were similar in the two groups. ALT and GGT were raised in patients on anticonvulsants. No patient developed clinical evidence of liver disease. It was concluded that raised ALT and GGT are not in themselves indications to alter anticonvulsant therapy. Changes in AST and ALP would be more specific markers of liver dysfunction in patients on anticonvulsants.
 ...
PMID:Plasma activities of hepatic enzymes in patients on anticonvulsant therapy. 790 70

Advances in liver surgery and transplantation have lead to a steady increase in the number of these interventions. Prompt quantitative assessment of hepatic of hepatic function and a patient's subsequent morbidity and mortality following surgery remain difficult despite the currently utilized historic markers of hepatic parenchymal injury (e.g., aspartate transaminase [AST], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT]). Increases in serum glycohydrolase activities appear to provide sensitive and quantitative markers of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. In 10 male swine (25 to 35 kg body weight) following 30, 45, and 90 minutes of acute hepatic ischemia, the systemic release of eight different glycohydrolases and lipid peroxides into serum were determined and compared with pre- and postischemic serum levels of LDH, GGT, and AST. The rapid release of glycohydrolases into serum was directly proportional to the length of the ischemic period from 30 to 90 minutes; e.g., beta-glucosidase, mean 1.9-fold increase at 30 minutes; 8.3-fold at 45 minutes; and 22.8-fold at 90 minutes; P < .002) and the activities peaked within the first 3 hours postischemia. In constrast, AST, LDH, and GGT were released slowly and peaked 20 to 30 hours after hepatic blood flow was restored. In swine with fatal outcomes (90 minutes of ischemia), all enzyme levels increased continuously during the final hours of life. However, in swine that survived hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (45 minutes of ischemia) the glycohydrolases, but not AST, LDH, and GGT, declined after 2 to 3 hours' postischemia and the serum lipid peroxide levels followed the same pattern. Serum beta-galactosidase and beta-glucosidase levels are sensitive markers that rise as quickly as traditional enzyme markers (AST, LDH, GGT) following hepatic ischemic injury; moreover, the glycohydrolases have the added value of serving as predictors of survival.
 ...
PMID:Glycohydrolases as markers of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and recovery. 870 56

It was reported previously that selection for high (HG) or low (LG) plasma total cholesterol (TC) at 8 wk of age in a composite four-breed swine population resulted after four generations in divergent mean concentrations in the selected lines. The data revealed a significant positive correlation between body weight (BW) and TC concentration at 8 wk of age and differential responses in litter size, backfat depth, and carcass length at 6 mo of age. We report here the relationship between plasma TC concentration and other plasma traits related to growth and metabolism in the seventh generation of selection in these two lines of pigs. We measured plasma concentrations of TC, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (urea N), and three transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; gamma glutamyltransferase, GGT) in seventh-generation male and female pigs at 8 wk of age. Birth weight (1.48 vs 1.38 kg), 8 wk BW (14.85 vs 12.00 kg), TC (116.8 vs 63.6 mg/dL), HDL-C (43.9 vs 25.5 mg/dL), TG (50.5 vs 33.0 mg/dL), and ALP (78.3 vs 44.9 units/L) were higher (P < .01) in HG than in LG pigs, whereas ALB (3.2 vs 3.4 g/dL), ALT (43.0 vs 45.9 units/L), and AST (53.0 vs 62.2 units/L) were lower in HG than in LG pigs (P < .05). At 8 wk, overall plasma TC concentration was correlated with BW (r = .34, P < .01) and with ALP (r = .23, P < .05) but was not related to ALT, AST, or GGT. Plasma TP urea N, and GGT were unaffected by genetic line on sex. We conclude that the difference between HG and LG pigs in TC concentration in generation 4 at 8 wk of age has persisted but not broadened in pigs of generation 7, that changes in plasma ALP, ALT, and AST may have occurred in response to selection for high or low plasma TC, and that ALP is correlated with plasma TC concentration.
 ...
PMID:Divergent concentrations of plasma metabolites in swine selected for seven generations for high or low plasma total cholesterol. 905 52


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>