Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Median values and confidence intervals for hematology and serum and plasma chemistry parameters were established for 29 male and female healthy New Guinea snapping turtles (Elseya novaeguineae) held at 24.5 degrees C and 30.0 degrees C. Creatine kinase, albumin, potassium, and phosphorus values were significantly higher at 24.5 degrees C than at 30.0 degrees C. Glucose, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, total carbon dioxide, and chloride values were significantly higher at 30.0 degrees C than at 24.5 degrees C. Cholesterol and calcium values were significantly higher in females than in males. Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and bilirubin were significantly higher in males than in females, and bile acid values were significantly higher in serum than in plasma.
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PMID:Hematology and clinical chemistry reference ranges for clinically normal, captive New Guinea snapping turtle (Elseya novaeguineae) and the effects of temperature, sex, and sample type. 952 32

In recent decades, because considerable progress has been made due to rapid developments in basic theory and techniques in molecular biology and immunology, the determination of trace enzyme proteins is not difficult. We measured the serum concentration of Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) mitochondria aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) and cholinesterase (ChE) immunologically and compared these findings with those of an assay of enzyme activity. Purification of enzyme protein and preparation of serum antibodies monoclonal antibodies established the immunological assay methods. Equipment and reagents for enzyme activity test use 7150 Biochemical Analyzer. CK-NAC AST and ChE were produced by trace kits (Australia). CK-MB and m-AST use immunological inhibition method. CK-MB m-AST ChE of protein determination used immunological turbidimetry. The normal group included 150 cases and the 1990 patient group. Results of the two methods did not significantly differ for normal controls, but were significantly different in the patient group. These results demonstrated that the two methods differ, although each may have specific clinical significance. How to evaluate these differences needs to be studied further, but immunological assay uses higher values for clinical diagnosis than enzyme activity assay.
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PMID:[Determination enzyme protein of CK-MB m-AST and ChE by immunological methods and survey of its applying values]. 972 41

Rats were exposed to 290 or 495 ppm methyl bromide gas for 6 h/day, 3 times/wk for 4 to 8 wk. Creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and bromide ion concentrations were measured in eight regions of the brain. Methyl bromide gas inhibited CK activities in all regions of the brain, though the inhibition tended to be smallest in the cerebellum (hemisphere and vermis) and largest in the brainstem (hypothalamus, midbrain, and medulla oblongata). The dose of methyl bromide to inhibit CK activities was lower than that to damage the central nervous system histologically. No inhibition of ASAT or LDH activities was seen except for a slight inhibition of these in striatum. Inhibition of CK activities did not increase clearly on increasing dose (290 to 495 ppm) or on prolonging exposure period (4 to 8 wk). Although 50% recovery of CK activities and the half-life of bromide ion agreed well in the medulla oblongata, changes in CK activities and bromide ion concentrations did not correlate otherwise. Thus, inhibition of CK activities in brain appears to be a sensitive indicator of methyl bromide intoxication, and may be related to genesis of its neurotoxicity. The inhibition seems to be caused by methyl bromide itself rather than by bromide ion. When effects on enzyme activities in brain homogenate were examined in vitro by bubbling with methyl bromide gas, CK inhibition was seen within 15 s of exposure. Dithiothreitol suppressed the CK inhibition, whereas N-acetylcysteine did not. These observations suggest that methyl bromide may attack sites in the CK molecule different from those attacked by ethylene oxide or acrylamide.
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PMID:Inhibition of creatine kinase activity in rat brain by methyl bromide gas. 1149 99

The black widow spider (BWS), which is a member of the arthropod family, is widely distributed on earth. Black widow spider bites can cause a wide variety of signs or symptoms in humans, but the cardiovascular manifestations are relatively rare except hypertension/hypotension and bradycardia/tachycardia. We report on a 65-year-old man who experienced myocarditis after BWS envenomation, which is extremely rare. He complained of chest pain after the BWS bite, and electrocardiography (ECG) was consistent with a 0.5-mm ST-segment elevation in leads II, aVF, and V3 through V6 and accompanying augmentation in T-wave amplitude in leads V3 through V6 without reciprocal changes. Creatine kinase-MB, troponin-I, and aspartate aminotransferase levels peaked at 98 IU/L, 6.1 ng/mL, and 62 U/L, respectively. His ECG readings and cardiac enzymes returned to normal with supportive treatment, and he was discharged with complete recovery. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the third in the literature reporting myocarditis and the first reporting ST-segment elevation and accompanying augmentation in T-wave amplitude after BWS envenomation. In addition to usual measures, we recommend ECG and cardiac-specific enzyme followup for every patient envenomated by BWS for potentially fatal cardiac involvement.
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PMID:Myocarditis after black widow spider envenomation. 1853 3

The current study was designed to determine the changes of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) expression in blood and tissue during the myocardial degeneration in calves with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Seventeen crossbred calves presenting pathological signs for FMD confirmed by viral analysis were studied. A biochemistry panel and immunohistochemistry were performed on 17 diseased calves and 7 calves used as controls. Creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were analyzed for both groups. Cardiac troponin I levels were measured by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Mean cTnI (14.8 +/- 1.9 ng/ml) concentration and CK (573 +/- 407 U/l), CK-MB (238 +/- 37 U/l), AST (84 +/- 7), and LDH (298 +/- 29 U/l) activities were higher in FMD cases compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss or depletion of cTnI expression in myocardium of all cases. None of the 7 controls showed loss of cTnI expression. Increased serum cTnI concentration correlated with myocardial injury and loss of cTnI immunolabeling in cardiomyocytes of calves with FMD.
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PMID:Determination of cardiac troponin I in the blood and heart of calves with foot-and-mouth disease. 1877 92

Creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are mainly muscle-specific enzymes, which can be associated with muscle tissue damage. The aim of this study was to assess the activities of CK and AST during the postoperative period, after conventional (G1) and videolaparoscopic ovariectomy (G2), in queens. A further group (G3) was subjected to anaesthesia only. Results demonstrate that there were significant differences between groups. The highest levels of CK were recorded in G1, however at a confidence level of p<0.05 there was no significant difference between groups during the first 6 hours after surgery. A significant (p<0.05) increase of CK values was identified between 0 h and 3 h in both groups (G1 and G2). Regarding AST activity there was no significant variation between groups, but again there was a significant difference between values at 0 h and 3h after surgery. In conclusion, ovariectomy performed by videolaparoscopy seems to cause less muscle damage when compared to the conventional method.
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PMID:Evaluation of creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities after laparoscopic or conventional ovariectomy in queens. 1942 54

The analysis of blood constituents allows the detection of various physiological or pathological states when their values are increased or decreased in relation to a well-defined reference group or to themselves if monitored longitudinally. In the latter case, it is important to know the reference change value (RCV) or critical difference, which defines the percentage change that should be exceeded-given the analytical and biological variations inherent to a particular test, in that there is a significant difference between the two consecutive measurements. Our objective was to calculate the biological variation, analytical variation and RCV of the biochemical and hematological parameters in subjects undergoing 4 months of regular aerobic training. Blood samples (10 mL) were collected monthly from 56 male subjects (17-19 years old). Creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, creatinine and urea concentrations were measured in sera using an Autolab Boehringer analyzer. Hemogram were obtained from total blood using KX-21 N SYSMEX equipment. The RCV values for leukocytes and all biochemical analytes were elevated compared to the literature values of sedentary subjects. On the other hand, the RCV values for red blood cell count were slightly lower in physically active than in sedentary individuals. Knowledge of analyte RCV values within physically active subjects should improve the sensitivity/specificity of the hematological and biochemical alterations induced by training or the use of recombinant form of erythropoietin through blood parameter analysis, particularly in cases of longitudinal monitoring.
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PMID:Reference change values of blood analytes from physically active subjects. 2044 91

Muscle tissue may be damaged following intense prolonged training as a consequence of both metabolic and mechanical factors. Serum levels of skeletal muscle enzymes or proteins are markers of the functional status of muscle tissue, and vary widely in both pathological and physiological conditions. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, myoglobin, troponin, aspartate aminotransferase, and carbonic anhydrase CAIII are the most useful serum markers of muscle injury, but apoptosis in muscle tissues subsequent to strenuous exercise may be also triggered by increased oxidative stress. Therefore, total antioxidant status can be used to evaluate the level of stress in muscle by other markers, such as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, malondialdehyde, sulfhydril groups, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and others. As the various markers provide a composite picture of muscle status, we recommend using more than one to provide a better estimation of muscle stress.
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PMID:Biochemical markers of muscular damage. 2044 60

Perinatal taurine depletion and high sugar diets blunted baroreflex function and heightens sympathetic nerve activity in adult rats. Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion also produces these disorders and taurine treatment appears to improve these effects. This study tests the hypothesis that perinatal taurine exposure predisposes recovery from reperfusion injury in rats on either a basal or high sugar diet. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow with 3% beta-alanine (taurine depletion, TD), 3% taurine (taurine supplementation, TS) or water alone (control, C) from conception to weaning. Male offspring were fed normal rat chow and water containing 5% glucose (G) or water alone (W) throughout the experiment. At 7-8 weeks of age, all rats were anesthetized and their trachea clamped until cardiac arrest occurred and mean arterial pressure fell below 60 mm Hg. The clamp was immediately released and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed with cardiac function returning within 4 min. Twenty-four hours later, arterial pressure, heart rate, and baroreflex function were measured in conscious and one day later in anesthetized conditions. Basic blood chemistry and circulating markers of cardiac injury were also measured. Baroreflex sensitivity was depressed moderately in CG and TDW, and severely in TDG. TSW displayed increased baroreflex and high sugar intake returned it to CW. Sympathetic nerve activity increased and parasympathetic decreased in TDW but not TSW and these effects were exacerbated sharply in TDG and slightly in TSG. Arterial pressure and heart rate increased in all groups but to a lesser degree in TDG. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase increased in all groups except TSW, but the increase was nearly 3X greater in TDG vs. any other group. Creatine kinase-MB increased in all groups except TSG and was far greater in TD than other groups. Troponin-T and brain natriuretic peptide were greatly increased in TDG compared to all other groups. Thus, perinatal taurine depletion increases injury from cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, and in adult rats on a high sugar diet, these effects are greatly exacerbated.
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PMID:High sugar intake exacerbates cardiac reperfusion injury in perinatal taurine depleted adult rats. 2080 97

The welfare outcomes for Bos indicus cattle (100 heifers and 50 cows) spayed by either the dropped ovary technique (DOT) or ovariectomy via flank laparotomy (FL) were compared with cattle subjected to physical restraint (PR), restraint by electroimmobilization in conjunction with PR (EIM), and PR and mock AI (MAI). Welfare assessment used measures of morbidity, mortality, BW change, and behavior and physiology indicative of pain and stress. One FL heifer died at d 5 from peritonitis. In the 8-h period postprocedures, plasma bound cortisol concentrations of FL, DOT, and EIM cows were not different and were greater (P<0.05) than PR and MAI. Similarly, FL and DOT heifers had greater (P<0.05) concentrations than PR and MAI, with EIM intermediate. Creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in FL and EIM heifers compared with the other treatments, with a similar pattern seen in the cows. Haptoglobin concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the FL heifers compared with other treatments in the 8- to 24-h and 24- to 96-h periods postprocedures, and in cows were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the FL and DOT compared with PR in the 24- to 96-h period. Behavioral responses complemented the physiological responses; standing head down was shown by more (P<0.05) FL cows and heifers to 3 d postprocedures compared with other treatments, although there was no difference between FL and DOT heifers at the end of the day of procedures. At this same time, fewer (P<0.05) FL and DOT heifers and cows were observed feeding compared with other treatments, although in cows there was no difference between FL, DOT, and EIM. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments in BW changes. For both heifers and cows, FL and DOT spaying caused similar levels of acute pain, but FL had longer-lasting adverse impacts on welfare. Electroimmobilization during FL contributed to the pain and stress of the procedure. We conclude that: i) FL and DOT spaying should not be conducted without measures to manage the associated pain and stress; ii) DOT spaying is preferable to FL spaying; iii) spaying heifers is preferable to spaying cows; and iv) electroimmobilization causes pain and stress and should not be routinely used as a method of restraint.
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PMID:Evaluation of the impacts of spaying by either the dropped ovary technique or ovariectomy via flank laparotomy on the welfare of Bos indicus beef heifers and cows. 2304 32


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