Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A middle-aged adult male with a mild form of tyrosinemia II (Richner-Hanhart syndrome) is described. Treatment with a low-tyrosine diet caused a fall in plasma tyrosine and clearing of the hyperkeratosis of the soles. Liver biopsy of this patient revealed low but measurable levels of cytoplasmic tyrosine aminotransferase and elevated levels of the mitochondrial tyrosine-metabolizing enzyme aspartate aminotransferase. It is hypothesized that these enzymes have been induced in sufficient amounts to account for the mild clinical course.
J Invest Dermatol 1979 Dec
PMID:Hepatic enzymes of tyrosine metabolism in tyrosinemia II. 4 76

A prospective study of 181 patients suspected of having liver disease was carried out to determine the relative efficiencies of serum bilirubin (total and direct), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with respect to diagnosis. Liver biopsies, liver scans, abdominal ultrasound, and clinical parameters were also tabulated and used independently to evaluate the patient's hepatic status and to determine the final diagnoses in each case. From the results of these tests for the 60 patients who were diagnosed as having liver disease, and the 87 patients who were felt to be free of liver disease, predictive values of the above tests were established. Data from this study suggests that while direct bilirubin is the most specific test, GGT is the most sensitive and has the fewest false negatives in the diagnosis of liver disease.
Clin Biochem 1979 Dec
PMID:Predictive values of various liver function tests with respect to the diagnosis of liver disease. 4 85

A comparison of the cost of laboratory-made reagents with that of commercial kits was made for three serum-enzyme estimations and three serum-hormone estimations. The cost of reagents in kit form could only be justified on economic grounds for serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase if the laboratory performed less than about 35 tests per day. It is unlikely that the use of kits for serum tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyrotrophic hormone can be justified on economic grounds for any workload. It is estimated that between 2 million pounds and 3 million pounds is spent unnecessarily by the National Health Service each year to purchase commercially prepared reagents for the six tests studied.
Lancet 1977 Dec 17
PMID:Comparison of cost of preparing reagents in laboratory with cost of using commercial kits. 7 63

Lactate production by liver slices from fetal rats (17th--18th day of gestation) is enhanced about two fold by aminooxyacetate, an inhibitor of aspartate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1). Such an effect is consistent with an increase of the cytosolic NAD-redox state owing to the parallel fall in the pyruvate level, whereas the glycolytic flux does not seem to be influenced appreciably. Indeed, although the inhibitor causes a marked increase of fructose 1,6-diphosphate, glucose-6-phosphate decreases only slightly. These results suggest that in fetal rat liver the malate-aspartate shuttle is operative in the reoxidation of cytosolic NADH produced during aerobic glycolysis.
Biochim Biophys Acta 1977 Dec 23
PMID:The operation of the malate-aspartate shuttle in the reoxidation of glycolytic NADH in slices of fetal rat liver. 20 12

The effect of daily dermal spray of malathion for four weeks in recommended (0.5 and 1.0 per cent) and higher (5.0 per cent) concentration on various enzymes in Bubalus bubalis species were studied. The higher concentration of 5.0 per cent showed lethal effect after 2 to 3 exposures. The cholinesterase activity in both RBC (RChE) and plasma (PChE) were inhibited with all the concentrations. There was also significant (P less than 0.05) elevation in the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase with 1.0 and 5.0 per cent spray and enzyme activities remained altered even during post-medication. The extent of various biochemical changes were dose and time dependent.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1978 Dec
PMID:Influence of malathion (O,O'-dimethyl dithiophosphate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate) on body enzymes in dermal subacute toxicity studies in Bubalus bubalis species. 21 25

Perfused livers isolated from rats under halothane anaesthesia produced greater amounts of bile, released smaller amounts of aspartate aminotransferase, and had a much greater ability to maintain a constant concentration of glucose in perfusates than those obtained with ether or pentobarbitone. Little or no effect was shown on the ability of the liver to synthesize urea and to retain potassium within the organ. It appears, therefore,that halothane is the anaesthetic of choice when removing the liver from the laboratory rat.
Aust N Z J Surg 1979 Dec
PMID:Isolated liver perfusion: the choice of anaesthetic. 29 68

We describe a mechanized method for centrifugal analyzer determination of sorbitol dehydrogenase in serum, based on conversion of D-fructose to sorbitol with simultaneous oxidation of NADH, in triethanolamine buffer at pH 7.4 and 30 degrees C. The standard curve for this assay is linear to 200 U of activity per liter of serum. The mean within-run precision (CV) of the assay is 0.8%. Results correlate well with those by a spectrophotometric method. In sera from 20 apparently healthy adult humans, sorbitol dehydrogenase activity averaged 1.7 (SD +/- 0.8; range, 1-3) U/L. The mean activity (U/L) for a group of 30 rats was 4.4 (SD, +/- 0.2; range, 3-6); for 20 dogs, 5.8 (SD, +/- 0.7; range 3-9); and for 30 mice, 26.8 (SD +/- 2.1; range, 22-34). To determine the utility of measuring this enzyme in the serum of rats for assessment of hepatotoxicity in drug-safety studies, we compared sorbitol dehydrogenase activity with that of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotranferase in the sera of rats treated with thioacetamide or in which the common bile duct has been ligated.
Clin Chem 1979 Dec
PMID:Kinetic determination of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity with a centrifugal analyzer. 50

The methodology of a large prospective study on the influence of repeated anaesthetics on liver function is reported and the problems involved are discussed. The most suitable patients were those presenting for endoscopic examination of the bladder and urethra, for urethral dilatation and for cervical implantation of radium. Blood samples were taken immediately before induction of anaesthesia and on days 3-4 and 13-15 after operation, when a clinical assessment of the patient was also carried out. The concentrations of six enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) werechosen specifically as indices of liver function. The eosinophil count was measured to reflect any hypersensitivity reaction. The non-Gaussian distribution of these necessitated using appropriate non-parametric tests together with parametric tests on logarithmic transformed data. In addition a quantal method was used to measure the frequency of patients showing an "abnormal" increase in enzyme concentrations.
Br J Anaesth 1979 Dec
PMID:Methodology of a prospective study of changes in liver enzyme concentrations following repeat anaesthetics. 52 78

1. The concentration of HCO3- (independent of any change of pH) exerts different effects on glutamine metabolism in rat kidney-cortex tubules, hepatocytes and enterocytes.2. In kidney tubules HCO3- (10.5-50 MM) has no effect on glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2), whereas glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) is inhibited as HCO3- concentration is increased. The result is that flux through the entire glutamate-to-glucose pathway is inhibited by increasing HCO3- concentrations. A large proportion (more than 30%) of the glutamine removed undergoes complete oxidation. 3. In hepatocytes, and to a smaller extent in enterocytes, HCO3- is an accelerator of glutaminase. Synthesis of glucose and urea from glutamine in hepatocytes increases as HCO3- concentration is increased. Calculations show that fumarate, formed via aspartate aminotransferase and arginino-succinate lyase, is the precursor of the glucose. There is no complete oxidation of the carbon skeleton of glutamine in hepatocytes. 4. Leucine at near-physiological concentrations (0.1-1 mM) is an accelerator of glutaminase in hepatocytes, but not in kidney tubules or in enterocytes. 5. The results are discussed in relation to regulation of acid/base balance in vivo.
Biochem J 1979 Dec 15
PMID:A role for bicarbonate in the regulation of mammalian glutamine metabolism. 54 52

Di-tert-butyl beta,beta-difluorooxaloacetate, prepared by fluorination of di-tert-butyl oxaloacetate with perchloryl fluoride, was converted to di-tert-butyl beta,beta-difluoroaspartate via its O-methyl oxime, followed by reduction. The tert-butyl ester was hydrolyzed to give a mixture of dl-beta,beta-difluoroaspartic acid, which was resolved via its brucine salts. dl-Difluoroaspartic acid was converted into beta,beta-difluoroasparagine by monoesterification and subsequent ammonolysis. Racemic beta,beta-difluoroaspartic acid inhibits aspartate aminotransferase. Cell growth of 3T3-F cells was slightly inhibited by l-beta,beta-difluoraspartic acid while the d enantiomer was without effect in this test system.
J Med Chem 1977 Dec
PMID:Potential carcinostatics. Synthesis and biological properties of d- and 1-beta,beta-difluoroaspartic acid and beta,beta-difluoroasparagine. 59 34


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