Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The enzymes of glutamate metabolism were estimated in astrocytes isolated from brains of normal rats and those injected with the potent convulsant, methionine sulfoximine (MSO), which inhibits glutamine synthetase and induces Alzheimer type II astrocytosis. The wet weight, dry weight; contents of DNA, RNA, protein and the activities of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated following MSO administration. The metabolic effects of MSO were found to be different from those of ammonia wherein a fall in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and an increase in the activity of glutamine synthetase was noticed. Based on these results it is suggested that there might be an inverse relationship in the functioning of these two enzymes. Such a relationship would help in preventing the depletion of energy pools in a given cellular compartment during ammonia detoxification.
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PMID:Effects of methionine sulfoximine on the enzymes of glutamate metabolism in isolated astrocytes of rat brain. 614 Sep 23

Diets containing 500 g high-glucosinolate rapeseed meal/kg or an equivalent amount of soybean meal as the only protein supplement were fed to layer-type chickens and two broiler strains from 1 to 56 d of age. Additional groups of the former were maintained on the diets until they were 16 and 28 d old. The rapeseed meal produced thyroid hypertrophy in all strains but reduced the growth rate of only one of the broiler strains. The livers of chickens fed on rapeseed meal were enlarged and DNA analysis indicated hyperplasia, but no macroscopic lesions were found. The activities of aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in the plasma were increased by rapeseed meal, suggesting liver damage. In all strains, feeding rapeseed meal increased plasma total protein, albumin and cholesterol and decreased urate. Hyperglycaemia accompanied by a decrease in plasma triglycerides occurred in the layer strain. Through its extra-thyroidal toxicity (-)5-vinyl-oxazolidine-2-thione (goitrin) was probably responsible for most of these changes.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in layer and broiler chickens when fed on a high-glucosinolate rapeseed meal. 619 44

Impairment of contractile function and extent of release of several intracellular marker enzymes and DNA were studied in isolated perfused rat hearts after low-flow (0.16 ml . min-1) ischaemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion and after anoxia followed by 2 h of reoxygenation. After varying periods of ischaemia or anoxia, the hearts were analysed for cytoplasmic, lysosomal and mitochondrial enzymes, for nuclear DNA and for increase in heart weight (oedema formation). Recovery of contractile function, weight increase and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a cytoplasmic enzyme, were measured as a function of duration of ischaemia or anoxia. Myocardial enzyme activities and DNA content after varying periods of ischaemia or anoxia were compared with myocardial LDH activity. The study demonstrates that the ultimate extent of enzyme depletion after ischaemia + reperfusion differs significantly from that after anoxia + reoxygenation in respect of mitochondrial enzymes. For mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and monoamine oxidase ultimate depletion is 64 +/- 8% and 114 +/- 22%, respectively, for hearts after ischaemia + reperfusion, and 7 +/- 8% and 58 +/- 11%, respectively, for hearts after anoxia + reoxygenation. It is concluded that mitochondrial damage, as reflected by mitochondrial enzyme release from the heart, is less marked after anoxia + reoxygenation than after ischaemia + reperfusion at corresponding extent of LDH depletion.
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PMID:A comparative study on ischaemia- or anoxia-induced impairment of myocytic structure and cardiac function in the isolated, isovolumicly-contracting, perfused rat heart. 651 60

From 15 to 21 August 1981, Pontiac fever affected 317 automobile assembly plant workers. Results of serologic tests were negative for Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, respiratory tract viruses, and previously described legionellae. A gram-negative, rod-shaped organism (WO-44C) that did not grow on blood agar, required L-cysteine for growth, and contained large amounts of branched-chain fatty acids was isolated from a water-based coolant. The organism did not react with antisera against other legionellae, and on DNA hybridization the organism was less than 10% related to other Legionella species. Geometric mean titers found by indirect fluorescent antibody testing to WO-44C were significantly higher in ill employees than in controls (p = 0.0001). Attack rates by department decreased linearly with the department's distance from the implicated coolant system. The etiologic agent apparently was a new Legionella species; we propose the name Legionella feeleii species nova (AATC 35072). This is the first outbreak of nonpneumonic legionellosis in which the etiologic agent is not L. pneumophila, serogroup 1.
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PMID:A new Legionella species, Legionella feeleii species nova, causes Pontiac fever in an automobile plant. 669 54

Allelic heterogeneity within protein electromorphs at three loci was examined in populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) collected from five localities across North America. We used a variety of electrophoretic techniques (including several starch and acrylamide conditions, gel-sieving, and isoelectric focusing) plus heat denaturation. Of particular interest was the supernatant glutamate oxalate transaminase system (GOT-1; aspartate aminotransferase-1 of some authors), which under standard electrophoretic conditions had been shown to exhibit basically a two-allele polymorphism throughout the range of maniculatus. The use of all of the above techniques failed to uncover any additional variation for GOT-1 in these populations. Similarly, no new scorable variation was resolved at the essentially monomorphic malate dehydrogenase-1 locus by additional conditions of electrophoresis. In marked contrast to the results for the above two enzymes, the use of multiple conditions of electrophoresis resolved the 8 standard-condition electromorphs of esterase-1 into a total of 23 variants showing strong geographic differentiation in frequency. These 23 electromorphs were further divided into a total of 35 variants by thermal stability studies. However, the allelic nature of all of the thermal stability esterase variants remains to be documented. The results of this study, taken together with the remarkable geographic heterogeneity for this species in ecology, morphology, karyotype and mitochondrial DNA sequence, suggest that some form of balancing selection may be acting to maintain the GOT-1 polymorphism.
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PMID:An assessment of "hidden" heterogeneity within electromorphs at three enzyme loci in deer mice. 715 46

The activity of enzymes with a regulatory function in the pathways of glycolysis, glyconeogenesis and NADP-generation, and the tissue content of DNA, protein, glycogen, triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), cholesterol and dry matter were investigated in placentas from deliveries accompanied by fetal distress as a result of umbilical cord compression or placental dysfunction in toxemic pregnancies. In placentas from cases of fetal distress due to umbilical cord compression, there was increased activity of pyruvate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP-malate dehydrogenase, and decreased activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase was unchanged, and that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was slightly elevated. The tissue content of dry matter, DNA, TG and PL was increased, whereas the protein, cholesterol and glycogen concentrations remained unaltered. In placentas from deliveries accompanied by fetal distress due to placental dysfunction, pyruvate kinase, when calculated per mg protein, was the only enzyme with decreased activity. TG, PL, glycogen and dry matter content were increased, DNA concentration was decreased, and protein and cholesterol remained unchanged. It is suggested that the divergent placental metabolic patterns found in the two fetal distress groups are related to the different levels of disturbed oxygen passage along the uterus-placenta-fetus axis.
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PMID:The placenta in intrauterine fetal deprivation. II. Biochemical profile of placentas from deliveries associated with fetal distress. 735 17

The aspartate transaminase activity of liver, kidney, brain, stomach, small intestine, striated muscle, skin and adipose tissue of fed and 24-hour fasted rats has been studied. The activity level of the enzyme is very much alike in most organs when expressed per unit of protein or DNA weight, in accordance with the general metabolic role of this enzyme. The activity of skin and adipose tissue is considerably lower than that of the other studied organs. A 24-hour fast induced significant increases in the activity of all organs except intestine and stomach.
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PMID:Effect of 24-hours fast on aspartate transaminase activities in the organs of the rat. 740 40

Pseudoisocytidine (psi ICyd) is a C-nucleoside with enhanced stability and resistance to enzymatic deamination when compared to 5-azacytidine and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Elimination kinetics in plasma using [14C]psi ICyd showed a beta-phase for t1/2 for 14C of 2 hr and a beta-phase t1/2 of unchanged psi ICyd of 1.5 hr. Net recovery of radioactivity in urine over 24 hr varied between 40 and 80% of the administered dose; 50 to 90% was unchanged drug and the rest was pseudouridine. Human leukemic cells in vitro deaminated psi ICyd very slowly, formed appreciable quantities of pseudoisocytidine triphosphate, and incorporated small amounts into RNA and DNA. Clinical trials were done using a daily i.v. injection for 5 consecutive days. Hematological or intestine toxicities were not seen, nor was depression of white blood cell count observed in leukemic patients. Hepatic toxicity proved to be dose limiting; this was characterized by an early phase with elevation of prothrombin time and aspartate aminotransferase. A later phase with cirrhosis was observed in two patients. Autopsy showed massive hepatic necrosis in patients dying of acute toxicity and micronodular cirrhosis in one patient dying with the chronic form.
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PMID:Biochemical, pharmacological, and phase I clinical evaluation of pseudoisocytidine. 747 Oct 64

The level of mRNA for cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cAST) in the liver of vitamin B6-deficient rats was found to be 7-fold higher than that of the control rats. The administration of hydrocortisone to adrenalectomized vitamin B6-deficient rats induced expression of hepatic cAST mRNA and the induction was suppressed by the simultaneous administration of pyridoxine. Since the 5' regulatory region of the rat cAST gene contains several sequences showing homology to glucocorticoid-responsive elements, we synthesized an oligonucleotide probe of glucocorticoid-responsive element sequence and assayed the binding activity of liver nuclear extract to the oligonucleotide by gel mobility shift analysis. We found that the binding activity of nuclear extract prepared from the liver of vitamin B6-deficient rats was far greater than that of the control rats, indicating that the DNA-binding activity of glucocorticoid receptor was enhanced by vitamin B6 deficiency. We further found that preincubation of the nuclear extract from the vitamin-deficient liver with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate brought about a rapid and extensive decrease in the binding of the extract to the glucocorticoid-responsive element. Congeners of pyridoxal phosphate, such as pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine and pyridoxine, did not show an inhibitory effect. These observations suggest that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate modulates cAST gene expression by inactivating the binding activity of glucocorticoid receptor to glucocorticoid-responsive elements.
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PMID:Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate modulates expression of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase gene by inactivation of glucocorticoid receptor. 747 80

It has recently been proposed that a depletion of glutathione (GSH) may be a contributing factor to viral persistence and resistance to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus (HC) infection. The aim of this study was: (1) to compare plasma GSH levels in patients with chronic HCV infection and normal healthy controls; and (2) to correlate GSH levels with liver histology and serum HCV RNA levels. Twenty-four patients with compensated chronic hepatitis C and 27 healthy subjects were studied. Serum and heparinized plasma were prospectively prepared and frozen within 1 h of collection. Plasma glutathione and glutathione peroxidase (GP) levels were measured spectrophotometrically. The serum HCV RNA level was quantitated by the branched chain DNA signal-amplification assay. Plasma GSH levels were not decreased in patients with chronic HCV infection but were actually greater than in controls (control 1.27 +/- 0.12 micrograms ml-1, HCV 1.62 +/- 0.11 micrograms ml-1, P < 0.05). There was also no difference in plasma GP activity between these two groups (control 0.233 +/- 0.007 U ml-1, HCV 0.230 +/- 0.007 U ml-1). Among the patients with chronic HCV infection, there was no correlation between either plasma GSH or GP levels and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum HCV RNA level, or liver histology. This study demonstrates that chronic HCV infection does not decrease the plasma GSH and GP levels.
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PMID:Plasma glutathione concentration in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. 748 49


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