Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A combined supplement of magnesium oxide (300 mg/day) and pyridoxine.HCl (10 mg/day) was given p.o. to 16 recurrent calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formers, and its therapeutic efficacy was biochemically evaluated by measuring various parameters of blood (Na, K, Mg, urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, uric acid, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase) and urine (volume, pH, creatinine, Na, K, Mg, uric acid, calcium, phosphate, oxalate and citrate) at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of treatment. Serum Mg significantly (P < 0.01) increased after 30 days of treatment and remained constant thereafter while other blood parameters were unaltered. Combined treatment led to a significant increase in the urinary excretion of Mg and citrate over pretreatment values while oxalate excretion showed a gradual and significant decline during the therapy. The results confirmed the efficacy of MgO-pyridoxine supplementation in terms of changes in urinary excretion of lithogenic and inhibitory components, leading to a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in CaOx risk index from 0.09 +/- 0.04 at 0 day to 0.05 +/- 0.02 after 120 days of treatment.
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PMID:Effect of combined supplementation of magnesium oxide and pyridoxine in calcium-oxalate stone formers. 799 61

Acute hepatic failure was induced in 50 male rabbits by D-galactosamine HCl (1 g per kg bw), and the effects of prostaglandin E1 on this model were investigated. Twelve hours after the administration of D-galactosamine HCl, a continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 or 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) was started. Ten animals in each group were observed until the time of death and mean survival times were compared between the groups. Five animals in each group were used for the determination of regional blood flows and brain water content. After the injections of D-galactosamine HCl, serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activity rose markedly and prothrombin time was prolonged. The administration of prostaglandin E1 did not affect these levels. However, the survival time in the prostaglandin E1 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 group (48.2 +/- 10.4 h) was significantly longer (p < 0.005, p < 0.01) than those in the untreated group (24.9 +/- 5.0 h) and the prostaglandin E1 2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 group (28.1 +/- 5.8 h). Prostaglandin E1 20 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 inhibited elevations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and significantly inhibited the decrease of urine volume and urinary sodium excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of prostaglandin E1 on experimental acute hepatic failure in rabbits: prostaglandin E1 prevents the development of multiple-organ failure. 805 85

A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for the simultaneous determination of guanase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in a single serum sample is described. The method is based on direct detection of enzymatically formed products xanthine and glutamate, respectively. The procedure is sensitive, precise (C.V. below 2% for guanase and 3% for AST), suitable for routine purposes and requires only 100 microliters of sample. Kinetic measurements have shown the guanase activity to have an apparent Michaelis constant of 24.5 microM and the AST activity of 11.1 and 0.18 mM for aspartate and oxoglutarate, respectively, at 37 degrees C in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5).
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PMID:Simultaneous assay for aspartate aminotransferase and guanase in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. 908 Mar 15

Effects of acute physical exercise on the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity were examined in adult female rats. Rats were forced to move at a speed of 10 m/min for 2 hr in a rotating cage. Immediately following the exercise bout rats were treated with acetaminophen (APAP; 700 mg/kg, i.p.). The physical exercise enhanced the hepatotoxicity of APAP as shown by increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities measured 24 hr following the treatment. A significant decrease in hepatic glutathione (GSH) was observed in the rats forced to exercise suggesting that the enhancement of APAP hepatotoxicity was associated with the depression of this endogenous tripeptide. The role of adrenergic stimulation in the exercise-induced hepatic GSH depression was examined by pretreating the animals with a receptor specific adrenergic antagonist, such as prazosin HCl (15 mg/kg, i.p.), propranolol HCl (15 mg/kg, i.p.), and yohimbine HCl (15 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min prior to the exercise bout, but neither of the antagonists prevented the GSH depression. Administration of alpha-tocopherol acetate (450 mg/kg/day for 3 days and 150 mg/kg on day 4, i.p.) did not affect the exercise-induced GSH depression or lipid peroxidation in liver homogenates as determined by increases in malondialdehyde formation. These results suggest that neither adrenergic stimulation nor oxidative stress plays a significant role in the enhancement of APAP hepatotoxicity and hepatic GSH depression induced by acute physical exercise.
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PMID:Potentiation of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by acute physical exercise in rats. 917 66

The effect of chronic exercise (forced swimming) on vitamin B-6 status and metabolism was studied in growing male rats fed deficient (0 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg), suboptimal (2 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg) or control (7 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg) diets for 9 wk. Sedentary rats were fed the same diets. Body weight gain was lower in deficient rats than in both other dietary groups. Sedentary rats were heavier than trained rats of all diet groups. Erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase, urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion, blood (plasma and erythrocytes) and tissue B-6 vitamers were measured. Urinary 4-pyridoxic acid, plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase values of exercised and sedentary rats responded to changes in dietary pyridoxine but were not different from one another. After 9 wk of vitamin B-6 depletion, tissue concentrations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5;5'-phosphate were 41-66% and 26-49% lower, respectively, in the deficient groups than in the control groups. Larger percentage differences occurred in plasma than in tissues (95 vs. 22-66%). In liver, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate concentrations were lower, whereas pyridoxal concentrations were higher in trained than in sedentary rats. In gastrocnemius muscle, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate and total vitamin B-6 concentrations were higher in trained than in sedentary rats. Concentrations of vitamin B-6 compounds in heart, kidneys, brain and adrenals were not affected by training. On the basis of the vitamin B-6-dependent variables measured in this study, we conclude that prolonged exercise affects the metabolism of vitamin B-6, but does not increase the vitamin B-6 requirement in growing rats.
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PMID:Chronic exercise affects vitamin B-6 metabolism but not requirement of growing rats. 918 39

Determination of the biochemical components in erythrocytes should provide unique pathophysiological information. We optimized a simple alcohol binding method for the selective removal of hemoglobins from hemolysates, and enabled simultaneous determination of several components in erythrocytes using commercially available assay kits in an automated analyzer. Venous blood was collected in a vacutainer containing lithium heparin. The washed cells were hemolyzed with distilled water, frozen, and then thawed. Nine volumes of the hemolysates were mixed with one volume of Tris-HCl buffer. One volume of n-butanol was then added to nine volumes of the buffered hemolysates. After vigorous mixing, the mixture of n-butanol and hemolysates was left to stand. The butanol-bound hemoglobins were precipitated by centrifugation, and the clear supernatant below the butanol layer was applied directly to an automated analyzer. Using sera, we determined the effects of the hemoglobin removal procedures on the chemical analytes. Sufficient recovery was noted in most analytes, except for several enzyme activities and lipids. Accordingly, we determined five components present in erythrocytes: creatine, potassium, magnesium, and aspartate aminotransferase as well as superoxide dismutase activities in healthy subjects. We suggest that our simple method is applicable to the simultaneous determination of erythrocyte components in routine laboratory tests.
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PMID:Determination of the components in erythrocytes using an automated analyzer. 1457 2

Twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age; 88.54 +/- 3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three comparable groups (I, II and III) on the basis of their body weight (BW) in a completely randomised design to study the effect of long term feeding of ammoniated wheat straw (AWS) and hydrochloric acid treated ammoniated wheat straw (HCl-AWS) on blood biochemical changes. The animals were offered a concentrate mixture (CM) along with wheat straw (WS), ammoniated wheat straw (AWS) (4% urea at a 50% moisture level) and hydrochloric acid treated ammoniated wheat straw (HCI-AWS) (4% urea at a 50% moisture level and HCI added to trap 30% of NH3 evolved) in groups I, II and III, respectively for an average daily gain (ADG) of 500 g. All the diets were made iso-nitrogenous by preparing three types of concentrate mixtures of different CP levels. The blood was collected from the jugular vein randomly from three animals of each group initially after 8 months post feeding and subsequently after two months interval up to 14 months of experimental feeding. Due to urea ammoniation, the CP content of WS increased from 3.66 to 8.51 and was further increased to 11.35 due to the addition of HCl during urea-ammoniation of wheat straw. The cumulative period mean plasma glucose values (mg %), in group II (53.13) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those in groups I (48.44) and III (50.60). The cumulative period mean values of serum albumin and globulin (g %) were not significantly different and were comparable among the groups I (3.33 and 3.06), II (3.53 and 2.97) and III (3.49 and 2.94). The cumulative period mean values of serum albumin: globulin ratio and total protein values were not significantly different among the different groups. Serum urea and creatinine values were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in group III (58.66 and 2.24) as compared to groups I and II. The cumulative period mean values of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (KA units) did not differ significantly, but serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) values (units x mL(-1) were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in groups II and III than in group I. The cumulative period mean values of T3 (ng x mL(-1)) did not differ significantly among the groups, but T4 values were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in group III (22.74) than in groups 1 (21.41) and II (20.89), respectively. Since the mean values of all the blood parameters were within the normal range, it may be concluded that feeding of ammoniated wheat straw treated with and without HCl to growing male buffalo calves for fourteen months has no adverse effect on the blood biochemical parameters.
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PMID:Effect of long term feeding of ammoniated wheat straw treated with or without HCl on blood biochemical parameters in growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. 1595 22

Inadvertent ingestion of thiafentanil oxalate by a captive adult female mountain lion (Puma concolor) caused a prolonged clinical syndrome that included sedation and depression, muscle tension, and myopathy that was incompletely antagonized by naltrexone HCl. A serum chemistry profile revealed markedly elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CK; 490,450 IU/l), alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 1,896 IU/l), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 4,321 IU/l) 2 days after onset. The affected animal's condition gradually improved over the next 15 days in response to supportive therapy that included diazepam (5 mg as needed), Normasol R (3 l/day), dexamethasone (tapering dose starting at 1 mg/kg), and ketoprofen (1 mg/kg). She eventually recovered completely. Based on these observations, carcasses of animals immobilized with thiafentanil should be marked and disposed of properly to preclude opportunities for secondary exposure and potential intoxication in scavenging species. In addition, caution is advised when using thiafentanil in animals that could be preyed upon before full metabolism of the drug.
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PMID:Suspected secondary thiafentanil intoxication in a captive mountain lion (Puma concolor). 1645 79

To verify the concept that cell-free organ/tissue-specific mRNAs leaking from drug-damaged organs/tissues into peripheral blood could be toxicological biomarkers for identification of the target organs of drug toxicity, we attempted to detect liver-specific mRNAs in peripheral blood from rats with chemical-induced hepatotoxicity. We selected alpha(1)-microglobulin/bikunin precursor (Ambp) and albumin mRNAs as tentative liver-specific biomarkers and successfully detected them by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in peripheral blood 24 h after D-galactosamine HCl (D-gal) or acetaminophen administration. Moreover, albumin mRNA was detected 2 h after D-gal administration, although plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were still unchanged. On the other hand, in peripheral blood from rat with bupivacaine HCl-induced skeletal muscle damage, neither Ambp nor albumin mRNA was detectable while plasma creatine kinase, ALT, and AST levels prominently increased 2 or 12 h after dosing. Furthermore, Ambp mRNA was also detectable in filtered plasma from rats with liver damage, indicating that cell-free Ambp mRNA can be present in peripheral blood. In conclusion, cell-free, liver-specific Ambp, and albumin mRNAs were detectable in peripheral blood from rats with chemical-induced liver damage. It is believed that the detection of cell-free organ/tissue-specific mRNA in peripheral blood is a promising approach in the survey of toxicological biomarkers.
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PMID:Detection of cell-free, liver-specific mRNAs in peripheral blood from rats with hepatotoxicity: a potential toxicological biomarker for safety evaluation. 1877 83

Pyridoxine, a B(6) vitamin, is a co-factor in a variety of enzymatic reactions involved in intermediary metabolism. The effects of pyridoxine deficiency and supplementation on hematological profiles, lymphocyte function, and hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 were investigated in B(6)C(3)F(1) mice fed a diet containing either 0 (i.e., pyridoxine-deficient diet, [PD]); or 7 mg pyridoxine-HCl/kg (i.e., control diet, [CD]) for 8 or 13 weeks followed by administration of 500 mug pyridoxine-HCl (IP) daily for either 2 (PD-S2 and CD-S2) or 3 (PD-S3 and CD-S3) consecutive days. Results demonstrated that erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (EAST-AC) values, which reflect host pyridoxine status, were significantly higher in PD mice than in CD mice, and dropped to control levels after supplementation. PD mice had significantly reduced weight gains, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) levels compared to CD mice after 8 and 13 weeks on the prescribed diet. In addition, PD mice had significantly lower circulating levels of total white blood cells, but higher red blood cell numbers after 8 weeks (compared to CD mice). Pyridoxine supplementation for 3 days restored HGB levels in PD mice to that of the unsupplemented CD controls; HCT, MCV and MCH levels were also increased in PD-S3 mice compared to their unsupplemented PD counterparts, but failed to reach comparable levels to those seen in mice fed a control diet. The pyridoxine-deficient diet also resulted in decreased mitogen stimulated T-lymphocyte proliferation after a 13-week feeding regimen and increased hepatic CYP1A1 activity that was reversed by pyridoxine supplementation. These studies demonstrate in a murine model that pyridoxine deficiency can cause multiple alterations that, in many cases, can be reversed by supplementation.
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PMID:The effects of pyridoxine deficiency and supplementation on hematological profiles, lymphocyte function, and hepatic cytochrome P450 in B6C3F1 mice. 1963 37


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