Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We defined age- and sex-specific reference intervals for 19 biologic variables in serum samples from healthy children, 1 to 22 years of age, using common laboratory equipment. Upper and lower reference intervals were defined as the estimated 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of the distribution. For variables (y) that varied with age, the relationship of y to age was modeled with polynomial regression. Parametric percentile estimates specific to each age were then calculated as the predicted y value +/- 1.96 . SD, in which SD = the standard deviation of the residuals. For variables not associated with age, the nonparametric 2.5 and 97.5 sample percentiles were used to define the reference intervals. No significant age or sex differences were found for serum sodium, total protein, glucose, direct bilirubin, or albumin. Potassium, chloride, and urea showed constant values in children that were higher than adult values in the case of potassium and chloride and lower than adult values in the case of urea. No sex-related differences were seen for these analytes. Creatinine, uric acid, and bicarbonate showed an upward trend in values with increasing age, whereas aspartate aminotransferase, phosphorus, and total and ionized calcium showed a downward trend with increasing age. Sex-related differences were noted for these analytes. The immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) showed an upward trend with increasing age, with no sex-related differences except for IgM in children.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric reference intervals for 19 biologic variables in healthy children. 231 24

The role of oyster shell as calcium supplement in the utilization of gossypol-containing cottonseed cake (CSC) was assessed using Hypeco broiler chickens. The results showed that of the organ measured, only the relative weight of the spleen was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased by oyster shell supplementation in the CSC diets. Spleen weight correlated negatively (r = -0.45) with dietary calcium. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the liver was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased due to the levels of oyster shell supplemented while the activities of serum and liver alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not significantly influenced. The results also showed that although oyster shell supplementation generally increased alkaline phosphatase activity, bone mineralization was relatively uninfluenced as judged by the low coefficients of variation (CV) of 3.14-3.51% and 3.39-4.82% for calcium and phosphorus content in the femur and tibia respectively.
 ...
PMID:Use of oyster shell as calcium supplement. Part 2. An assessment of the responses of hepatic and serum enzymes, relative organ weights, and bone mineralization in the broiler chicken fed gossypol-containing cottonseed cake supplemented with oyster shell. 238 85

As part of an evaluation of a Synchron CX5 analyser (Beckman Instruments Inc, Brea, USA) we examined a range of tests for interference from haemolysis, bilirubin and lipaemia. Tests investigated were urea, creatinine, urate, total protein, albumin, calcium, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and inorganic phosphate. Two types of interferences were found. One type is found on other analysers and represents analytical difficulties with the measurement of that particular analyte. The other type of interference was a consequence of the bichromatic optical system used on the CX-5. This latter group includes haemoglobin interference in the measurement of total protein and inorganic phosphate, and bilirubin interference with the measurement of total protein, glucose and inorganic phosphate. Lipaemia interfered with total protein, total bilirubin, inorganic phosphate, urate and glucose. Alternative and modified methods are proposed to improve the measurement of total protein, glucose, total bilirubin and inorganic phosphate. The use of the modified methods for glucose, inorganic phosphate and total bilirubin are limited, at this time, by an error in the calculation algorithm used by the analyser for two step or triggered chemistries, and to a lesser extent, by a reduction in sample throughput.
 ...
PMID:Interference by haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia in assays on the Beckman Synchron CX5 and methods for correction. 240 33

Withholding iron dextran treatment normally given to pigs at 1-3 days of age to prevent anemia resulted also in neutropenia. Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at 0.5 mg/kg IV at 25 days of age resulted in induction of putative interferon 2 to 24 hours later, with significantly (P less than 0.05) lower concentrations in iron-deficient (Fe-) female pigs than in iron-supplemented (Fe+) female pigs. Poly I:C caused several transient toxic manifestations, including elevations in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, potassium (K), total bilirubin and phosphorus (P), marked leukopenia (both neutropenia and lymphopenia), and declines in serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose and globulin. Certain blood chemistries before poly I:C were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) different: albumin, globulin, cholesterol and K were higher in females than in males; albumin, globulin, glucose, P and K were higher in Fe- than in Fe+ pigs; and total carbon dioxide was higher in Fe+ than in Fe- pigs.
 ...
PMID:Effects of poly I:C in porcine iron deficient neutropenia. 241 Jan 86

Prevention of myocardial cell death is an important goal in the treatment of myocardial infarction. The potential benefit of chlorpromazine in myocardial injury was assessed in the isolated rabbit heart under conditions of the calcium paradox. A period of 20 min of calcium-free perfusion followed by reintroduction of calcium was associated with myocardial damage, as indicated by severe impairment in left ventricular contractile function and marked loss of protein and enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase) from the myocardium. Chlorpromazine, 15 or 25 mg/kg, was given intravenously 30 min before excision of the heart. Chlorpromazine was associated with significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in left ventricular function, as indicated by larger developed pressure, greater peak positive and negative dP/dt, and lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Chlorpromazine pretreatment was associated with significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in the amount of enzyme and protein lost from the myocardium. Thus, chlorpromazine can reduce the severity of myocardial cell injury.
 ...
PMID:Effect of chlorpromazine on myocardial damage in the calcium paradox. 243 12

Thirteen biochemical parameters and five enzymatic activities were determined on sera of 63 normal human fetuses sampled by direct puncture under ultrasound guidance, between the 20th and the 26th wk of gestation, and on their mothers. They were referred to us for various prenatal diagnoses but were well and confirmed healthy at birth. Some parameters were found to be very similar in both groups, mainly creatinine, calcium, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Some values were significantly higher in the fetuses, such as total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, phosphorus, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and alpha-fetoprotein. Urea, uric acid, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin levels were found to be lower in fetuses. These data indicate a slower metabolism in fetuses compared to their mothers, a lower level of energy requirement, and a relative liver immaturity. These normal values of fetal biochemistry will improve our knowledge of physiology and help to determine the specific values of a test in fetal pathology.
 ...
PMID:Blood chemistry of normal human fetuses at midtrimester of pregnancy. 243 76

Protective effect of aprotinin pretreatment was assessed by functional, biochemical and morphological preservation in four hour global ischemia followed by one hour reperfusion in dogs. Cardioplegia was induced by intermittent infusion of cold Mg-lidocaine solution. Aprotinin 10,000 KIU/kg was given in low dose group (8 dogs), and 20,000 KIU/kg in high dose group (6 dogs); one half was given before ischemia and another half during ischemia. Betamethasone, coenzyme Q and nifedipine were also given equally in both groups before ischemia. Results were as follows: 1. Four (50%) of low dose group and all of high dose group were successfully taken off CPB and survived for one hour reperfusion. 2. High dose group showed significantly higher blood pressure and LVSWI than low dose group after one hour reperfusion (p less than 0.05). 3. Serum N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase showed the significantly lower activity in high dose group than in low dose group after one hour reperfusion (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the activities of serum beta-glucuronidase and MB-creatine kinase. 4. Myocardial tissues, excised after one hour reperfusion, contained significantly higher creatine phosphate in high dose group than in low dose group (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the contents of adenosine triphosphate, calcium and water. 5. Severely injured mitochondrion were significantly lesser in high dose group than in low dose group. All lysosomes showed mild swelling or enlargement, but those membranous structures were well-preserved in both groups. In conclusion, aprotinin pretreatment might be effective in myocardial protection against prolonged global ischemia, by inhibiting the "leak out" of lysosomal enzymes.
 ...
PMID:[Improved myocardial protection by aprotinin pretreatment in prolonged global ischemia]. 248 66

The effects of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a transaminase inhibitor, and 2-oxoglutarate, a precursor to glutamate by the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), on slices of rat medulla oblongata, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus were studied. The slices were superfused and electrically stimulated. There was a Ca2+-dependent stimulus-evoked release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and beta-alanine in all regions examined. AOAA (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) decreased the release of glutamate in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum but not in the hippocampus. L-Canaline, a specific inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase, did not affect the glutamate release in the medulla. 2-Oxoglutarate (10(-3) M) increased the release of glutamate in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum but not in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Treatment with AOAA (10(-4) M) almost abolished the activities of AAT in all regions studied. AOAA (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) increased the stimulus-evoked release of GABA in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus, whereas the stimulus-evoked release of beta-alanine was decreased by this agent in all regions studied. These results suggest the participation of AAT in the synthesis of the transmitter glutamate in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum of the rat.
 ...
PMID:Aspartate aminotransferase for synthesis of transmitter glutamate in the medulla oblongata: effect of aminooxyacetic acid and 2-oxoglutarate. 256 22

Evoked release of glutamate and aspartate from cultured cerebellar granule cells was studied after preincubation of the cells in tissue culture medium with glucose (6.5 mM), glutamine (1.0 mM), D[3H] aspartate and in some cases aminooxyacetate (5.0 mM) or phenylsuccinate (5.0 mM). The release of endogenous amino acids and of D-[3H] aspartate was measured under physiological and depolarizing (56 mM KCl) conditions both in the presence and absence of calcium (1.0 mM), glutamine (1.0 mM), aminooxyacetate (5.0 mM) and phenylsuccinate (5.0 mM). The cellular content of glutamate and aspartate was also determined. Of the endogenous amino acids only glutamate was released in a transmitter fashion and newly synthesized glutamate was released preferentially to exogenously supplied D-[3H] aspartate, a marker for exogenous glutamate. Evoked release of endogenous glutamate was reduced or completely abolished by respectively, aminooxyacetate and phenylsuccinate. In contrast, the release of D-[3H] aspartate was increased reflecting an unaffected release of exogenous glutamate and an increased "psuedospecific radioactivity" of the glutamate transmitter pool. Since aminooxyacetate and phenylsuccinate inhibit respectively aspartate aminotransferase and mitochondrial keto-dicarboxylic acid transport it is concluded that replenishment of the glutamate transmitter pool from glutamine, formed in the mitochondrial compartment by the action of glutaminase requires the simultaneous operation of mitochondrial keto-dicarboxylic acid transport and aspartate aminotransferase which is localized both intra- and extra-mitochondrially. The purpose of the latter enzyme apparently is to catalyze both intra- and extra-mitochondrial transamination of alpha-ketoglutarate which is formed intramitochondrially from the glutamate carbon skeleton and transferred across the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol where transmitter glutamate is formed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Role of aspartate aminotransferase and mitochondrial dicarboxylate transport for release of endogenously and exogenously supplied neurotransmitter in glutamatergic neurons. 256 74

We determined the effect of long-term freezer storage and repeated thawing and freezing of serum on concentrations of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate), enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase), total protein, tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein), and other substances. Vials (1 ml) of frozen serum from a single blood drawing from 40 women with no breast disease and 70 with benign breast disease were analyzed annually from 1983 to 1987. Blood had been obtained from 40 subjects in 1978, 40 in 1980, and 30 in 1983. Thawing and refreezing studies were done in two ways: (1) serum samples from 30 subjects with benign breast disease were thawed at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and (2) serum samples from 30 patients with stage IV breast cancer were analyzed for alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen, and serum specimens from 23 patients with benign breast disease and 7 control subjects were analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase after thawing and keeping the samples at room temperature for up to 4 hours and then refreezing them. For measuring laboratory variability, duplicate samples were processed. Long-term storage (up to 10 years) and repeated thawing and refreezing did not affect the results of any tested constituents of serum. Although most measurements showed statistically significant variability over test cycles, these differences were thought to be due to laboratory variability.
 ...
PMID:Effect of long-term freezer storage, thawing, and refreezing on selected constituents of serum. 259 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>