Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study examined muscle swelling and changes in inflammatory markers in the blood following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Subjects (N = 14) who had not been involved in a resistance training program performed 24 maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors. Muscle swelling was assessed by measures of the upper arm circumference (CIR), ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Plasma concentrations of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and plasma levels of C-reactive protein, cortisol, and zinc were analyzed. Established indicators of muscle damage (maximal isometric force, range of motion, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities) were also measured. All measures, including CIR and USG, except for MRI, were assessed immediately before and after and for 5 d post-exercise. MRI was taken at pre- and 1, 3, 6, 10, 23, 31, and 58 d post-exercise. All muscle damage indicators changed significantly after exercise. A large increase in CIR (> 20 mm) was found 4-5 d after exercise, and this coincided with USG, showing an increase in muscle thickness. The echointensity of USG increased with the enlargement of the elbow flexors. MRI displayed enlargement of the biceps brachii and brachialis cross-sectional area that started at 1 d, and lasted until 23 d, post-exercise. The most profound increase in the enlargement and signal intensity of the MRI was found 3 or 6 d after exercise. However, none of the plasma levels of inflammatory makers showed significant muscle swelling, which is indicative of muscle edema, but the inflammatory responses after exercise appear to be different from those accompanying infection or tissue injury.
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PMID:Changes in indicators of inflammation after eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. 887 3

Experimental liver cirrhosis was produced by administration of thioacetamide. Cirrhotic animals were divided into two groups: one group was given zinc sulphate and the second kept as cirrhotic control. Zinc-treated animals showed a restoration of normal hepatic and plasma zinc and copper levels. Similarly, plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl aminotransferase, and total bilirubin decreased significantly. Light microscopic studies showed that most of the hepatocytes appeared normal in zinc-treated as compared with untreated cirrhotic animals. The amount of fibrin, reticulin, and collagen, which was high in the cirrhotic livers, decreased following zinc treatment. Staining with periodic acid Schiff's reagent showed the ability of hepatocytes to store glycogen after zinc treatment. These results revealed that zinc may have some beneficial effect in the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Zinc and liver cirrhosis: biochemical and histopathologic assessment. 913 80

Eight Bonsmara bulls and eight Bonsmara heifers, having masses of between 210 and 266 kg when selected, were randomly allocated to four groups, each comprising two bulls and two heifers. Group 1 received 0.6 mg of copper (Cu)/kg of body mass per day (bm/d), group 2, 10 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d and group 3, 20 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d as a copper sulphate solution, given orally, 5 d a week over 745 d. Group 4 was the control group. One bull from group 3 was euthanased on day 679 of the trial, a heifer from group 3 and a bull from group 2, on day 695 of the trial, and a heifer from group 2, on day 731 of the trial, after they had shown clinical signs. During the course of the trial, clinical signs, serum gamma glutamyltransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity, blood urea nitrogen, and plasma copper, zinc and iron concentrations were monitored. Live mass was recorded weekly to determine any effect on mass gain. The liver and kidney copper, zinc, iron and managanese concentrations at the time of death or slaughter are given. From the results it was concluded that subclinical damage to the liver and eventual copper toxicity can occur when cattle are continually exposed to oral doses > or = 12 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d. It was also concluded that cattle can probably tolerate oral doses of < or = 0.6 mg of Cu/kg of bm/d for an indefinite period, provided there are no other sources of copper, such as may occur with air-pollution, or provided no other adverse mineral interactions occur, such as may occur with molybdenum deficiency.
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PMID:Experimentally induced chronic copper toxicity in cattle. 917 59

Concentrations of 34 biochemical constituents of sera were determined on 998 randomly selected urban school children and adolescents aged 8-18 years from Zagreb, Croatia. Reference intervals were obtained by using non-parametric methods to estimate 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of distribution as upper and lower normal reference intervals, according to the IFCC recommendations. These were compared to reference intervals in the healthy adult population, aged 20-30 years from the same geographical area. Serum glucose, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, total serum proteins and electrophoretic fractions, and amylase, did not show age or sex differences; total serum bilirubin, total calcium, phosphate, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total iron binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity, copper, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase had higher reference intervals than the adult population. Urea, creatinine, urate, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides had lower reference intervals than the adult population.
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PMID:Pediatric reference intervals for 34 biochemical analytes in urban school children and adolescents. 967 91

In order to identify cytochemical traits relevant to understanding excitatory neurotransmission in brainstem auditory nuclei, we have analyzed in the dorsal cochlear nucleus the synaptic distribution of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate, and vesicular zinc, three molecules probably involved in different steps of excitatory glutamatergic signaling. High levels of glutamate immunolabeling were found in three classes of synaptic endings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, as determined by quantitation of immunogold labeling. The first type included auditory nerve endings, the second were granule cell endings in the molecular layer, and the third very large endings, better described as "mossy." This finding points to a neurotransmitter role for glutamate in at least three synaptic populations in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. The same three types of endings enriched in glutamate immunoreactivity also contained histochemically detectable levels of aspartate aminotransferase activity, suggesting that this enzyme may be involved in the synaptic handling of glutamate in excitatory endings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. There was also extrasynaptic localization of the enzyme. Zinc ions were localized exclusively in granule cell endings, as determined by a Danscher-selenite method, suggesting that this ion is involved in the operation of granule cell synapses in the dorsal cochlear nucleus.
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PMID:Chemical anatomy of excitatory endings in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the rat: differential synaptic distribution of aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate, and vesicular zinc. 973 82

Activated sludge is a rich source of nitrogenous matter and has been recommended as cheap supplement in animal feed. It has been incorporated into cattle and poultry feed. It is well known that sewage of purely domestic origin is also contaminated with heavy metals, pesticides, and other organic pollutants. A study was undertaken to determine the toxic effects of heavy metal-contaminated domestic sewage sludge on young male Wistar rats by supplementing dehydrated activated sludge in their diet at concentrations of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The sludge was found to be contaminated with 1.820 (zinc), 0.273 (nickel), 0.017 (lead), 0.053 (copper), 0.006 (chromium), and 0.005 (cadmium)mg/g of dry sludge, by analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The toxic effects of sludge-supplemented diets on individual groups of rats were assessed by assaying various enzyme activities in serum, liver, muscle, and brain. Levels of serum and liver alanine aminotransferase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were significantly low in all the sludge-supplemented diet-fed (SSDF) rats. Similarly, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and muscle SDH activity were also significantly reduced in the SSDF rats. On the other hand, liver and muscle LDH, serum and liver aspartate aminotransferase, and serum and muscle alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher in all the SSDF animals. Brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly high in all the SSDF groups. This study indicates that even though the sludge is a rich source of nitrogenous matter, its supplementation in poultry and animals feed should be done with caution. Otherwise, the contaminants found in the sludge will biomagnify in the food chain and lead to various toxicological hazards.
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PMID:A study of toxic effects of heavy metal contaminants from sludge-supplemented diets on male Wistar rats. 1005 66

An 82-year-old male patient was admitted for liver dysfunction. Laboratory test showed the following data; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 79 IU/l, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 28 IU/l, total bilirubin (T. Bil) 0.9 U, zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT) 48.9 U, gamma-globulin 4.9 g/dl, immunoglobulin G (IgG) 5,046 mg/dl, anti-nuclear antibodies x 320, anti-mitochondrial antibodies (-), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) (-), HBcAb (-), anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) (-), hepatitis C virus (HCV-RNA) (-), anti-hepatitis G virus (anti-HGV) (-), alpha-fetoprotein 306.8 ng/ml, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 2.3 ng/ml, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 77.2 U/ml. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a large mass occupying most of the right lobe and portal thrombosis in the liver. Liver biopsy revealed cirrhosis with inactive hepatitis in the nontumorous lesion and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in the tumorous lesion. We report a rare case of an aged male patient with autoimmune hepatitis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:An aged male patient with autoimmune hepatitis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma. 1039 80

Natural products from plants are rich sources used for treating a number of diseases. Many of the pharmacological principles of the currently used anticancer agents have been initially isolated from plants. Most of the herbal drugs are a mixture of a number of plant ingredients. Their cumulative effect increases the efficacy of the drug in curing the diseases. Muthu Marunthu is a herbal formulation comprising of eight various plant ingredients, and has been claimed to possess antitumor effect. Therefore, attention has been focused on studying the various plant ingredients in the drug as a whole for its antitumor effects. It was observed that the growth rate in rats was normal and there was no change in blood parameters such as glucose, urea, proteins, cholesterol and also in the activities of pathophysiological enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), alkaline and acid phosphatase after Muthu Marunthu administration. The tumor weight was found to be reduced in methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma rats after Muthu Marunthu treatment. Elevated levels of glycocomponents of glycoproteins such as hexose, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose in plasma of fibrosarcoma rats decreased significantly after Muthu Marunthu treatment. The DNA and RNA levels of liver and kidney, which were increased in fibrosarcoma rats, returned to near normal levels after Muthu Marunthu treatment. The vitamins such as A, C and E in plasma were decreased in fibrosarcoma rats but increased significantly after Muthu Marunthu treatment. The altered levels of copper, zinc and selenium in plasma have also been corrected after Muthu Marunthu treatment. These observations clearly suggested the antitumor potency of Muthu Marunthu in experimentally induced fibrosarcoma in rats.
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PMID:Biochemical evaluation of antitumor effect of muthu marunthu (a herbal formulation) on experimental fibrosarcoma in rats. 1040 24

Changes in hematological and serum biochemistry parameters in female zinc (Zn)-dosed farm-raised mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) fed four different diets were examined. Sixty ducks received an average dose of 0.97 g of Zn in the form of eight, 3.30-mm diameter shot pellets containing 98% Zn and 2% tin, and another 60 ducks were sham-dosed as controls. Fifteen ducks from each of the two dosing groups were assigned to one of four dietary treatments: corn only, corn with soil, commercial duck ration only, or commercial duck ration with soil. Shot-pellet dissolution rates ranged from 7 mg/Zn/day to 27 mg/Zn/day. Regardless of diet, the Zn dose resulted in mortality; incoordination; paralysis and anorexia; decreased body, liver, pancreas, gonad, and gizzard weight; increased kidney weight; and macroscopic lesions. Zn-dosed ducks had a lower mean erythrocyte packed cell volume (PCV), higher mean reticulocyte count, and a greater number of individuals with immature and/or abnormal erythrocytes, than did control mallards. Mean total leucocyte counts were higher in Zn-dosed ducks than in controls. Zn-dosed ducks that had soil available had higher leucocyte counts than those without soil. Zn-dosed ducks were characterized by a marked heterophilia and relative lymphopenia. In Zn-dosed ducks, the mean lymphocyte count was highest in those provided a commercial duck ration, and lowest in those fed corn. In control ducks, the mean lymphocyte count was highest in ducks fed corn, and lowest in those provided soil along with a commercial duck ration. Zn-dosed mallards had higher serum aspartate aminotransferase and amylase levels, and lower alkaline phosphatase activities than control ducks. Serum phosphorus and uric acid concentrations were higher, and calcium, glucose, and total protein levels lower, in Zn-dosed ducks than in control ducks. Diet did affect serum calcium, phosphorus, total protein, and uric acid concentrations. Differences in erythrocyte and leucocyte parameters, serum enzyme activities, and metabolite concentrations were associated with dose and diet effects. Diets high in protein and other organic matter and calcium and phosphorus did not prevent or substantially alleviate Zn toxicosis in farm-raised mallard ducks.
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PMID:Influence of diet on the hematology and serum biochemistry of zinc-intoxicated mallards. 1068 52

The ability of chromium (Cr) salts to increase metallothionein (MT) levels in rat liver, kidney and pancreas, and its relationship with the presence of toxic effects are reported here. Rats were injected subcutaneously with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg K2Cr2O7/kg and sacrificed 24 h later. Total Cr accumulation followed a dose-dependent pattern, levels in kidney being higher than those in liver or pancreas, suggesting different tissue bioavailabilities and accumulation patterns. Cr(IV) administration resulted in a tissue-specific MT induction: pancreas and liver showed five- and 3.5-fold MT increases, respectively; no increase was observed in the kidney. A positive correlation was observed between zinc and MT concentrations in liver, and between total Cr and MT concentrations in pancreas. Serum alpha-amylase activity showed a dose-dependent increase starting from 20 mg/kg, whereas serum glucose levels increased at doses higher than 30 mg/kg. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were increased in a dose-dependent manner, from 20 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Our results showed that treatment with Cr(VI) can induce MT synthesis in pancreas and suggests a subsequent binding of Cr to MT. Also, pancreas is a target organ for Cr toxicity, and the usefulness of alpha-amylase activity as a sensitive biomarker of Cr toxicity in human exposed populations merits further study.
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PMID:Chromium increases pancreatic metallothionein in the rat. 1068 10


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