Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Copper toxicity occurred in North Ronaldsay sheep fed on a diet of terrestrial herbage relatively high in molybdenum. Five sheep were taken from the island of North Ronaldsay, Orkney to the veterinary investigation centre at Thurso and fed solely on the herbage of the laboratory paddocks, supplemented in winter by hay made from these paddocks. The level of copper, molybdenum, zinc and total sulphur in the terrestrial herbage was analysed, together with the seaweeds which form the major part of the diet on North Ronaldsay. Serum copper, vitamin B12 and serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were obtained. Four of the five sheep died on this diet of terrestrial herbage and had liver copper levels of 1379, 1723, 2279 and 2281 mg/kg. The susceptibility of the North Ronaldsay breed of Orkney sheep to copper poisoning when first introduced to a diet of purely terrestrial herbage is demonstrated by the high liver copper levels of the four dead sheep compared to the normal serum copper levels and unimpaired health of two other breeds of sheep and a north country Cheviot cross North Ronaldsay ram.
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PMID:Copper poisoning in sheep from North Ronaldsay maintained on a diet of terrestrial herbage. 714 42

1. A cereal-based diet containing 7.6 mg copper/kg was fed ad lib. to laying hens for up to 48 d. Four other groups were given the control diet to which was added hydrated copper sulphate to provide 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg. 2. Hens were killed on day 0 and after 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 d. Records were kept of body-weight, food consumption, egg production and egg weight. 3. After slaughter blood haemoglobin, packed cell volume, serum Cu and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT; EC 2.6.1.1) were measured. The liver, kidneys, a sample of breast muscle, oviduct, ovary and gizzard were weighed. Gizzard, spleen, liver and kidney tissue were examined histologically. 4. The Cu, zinc and iron concentrations of liver, kidneys and breast muscle and the manganese concentrations of liver and kidneys were determined. 5. Body-weight loss occurred at 500-2000 mg added Cu/kg diet. Egg production was depressed by level of added Cu and period of time on the Cu-containing diets. 6. Mean liver, kidney, oviduct and ovarian weights per unit body-weight were depressed by Cu in the diet and the effect increased with period of time on the diets. Mean gizzard weight per unit body-weight was increased by dietary added Cu and by time. 7. Cu concentrations in the liver were increased by dietary level of added Cu and period of time on the diet. Zn concentration in liver increased at 1000 and 2000 mg added Cu/kg diet and liver Fe concentration was increased at these levels. Histological examination of the gizzard indicated that the Cu content of the gizzard lining increased with dietary added Cu.
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PMID:Effects of level of dietary copper sulphate and period of feeding on the laying, domestic fowl, with special reference to tissue mineral content. 737 Feb 11

Zinc concentrations in serum from 99 patients with acute myocardial infarction were correlated with the incidence of further complications and with activities in serum of the "cardiac" enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. A significantly subnormal zinc concentration was observed for the patients, the lowest values being observed on the second and third days after infarct, particularly in patients with serious complications. Moreover, a linear correlation was observed between zinc values and enzyme activities until the fourth day after infarct. We conclude that measurement of zinc in the serum may have diagnostic value for acute myocardial infarction, although its prognostic value is still speculative.
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PMID:Zinc concentrations in serum as related to myocardial infarction. 742 47

We studied the effects on 25 analytes of duration of contact of serum with non-anticoagulated blood and of temperature. Serum was separated after blood was allowed to stand, for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, or 48 h at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C. Results obtained for bilirubin, albumin, zinc sulfate turbidity, thymol turbidity, cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1), amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), total cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoprotein, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) were not influenced by storage at 4, 24, or 30 degrees C for as long as 48 h. Negligible differences were seen for potassium in sera in contact with cells as long as 24 h at 23 degrees C and for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 4 degrees C. However, at 4 degrees C we noted an increase at 8 h, a slight decrease at 30 degrees C. Statistically significant changes were seen for total protein and calcium after 48 h at 30 degrees C; for aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C and as soon as 6 h at 30 degrees C; for lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) after 8 h at 30 degrees C and between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C; for glucose at 24, 4, or 2 h of storage at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C, respectively; for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 23 degrees C or 8 h at 30 degrees C; for potassium after 4 h at 4 degrees C or 24 h at 30 degrees C; and for sodium after 48 h at 4 degrees C or 6 h at 23 or 30 degrees C.
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PMID:Serum-constituents analyses: effect of duration and temperature of storage of clotted blood. 744 20

To explore the relationship between mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAspAT; EC 2.6.1.1) and plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and their role in cellular fatty acid uptake, 3T3 fibroblasts were cotransfected with plasmid pMAAT2, containing a full-length mAspAT cDNA downstream of a Zn(2+)-inducible metallothionein promoter, and pFR400, which conveys methotrexate resistance. Transfectants were selected in methotrexate, cloned, and exposed to increasing methotrexate concentrations to induce gene amplification. Stably transfected clones were characterized by Southern blotting; those with highest copy numbers of pFR400 alone (pFR400) or pFR400 and pMAAT2 (pFR400/pMAAT2) were expanded for further study. [3H]Oleate uptake was measured in medium containing 500 microM bovine serum albumin and 125-1000 microM total oleate (unbound oleate, 18-420 nM) and consisted of saturable and nonsaturable components. pFR400/pMAAT2 cells exhibited no increase in the rate constant for nonsaturable oleate uptake or in the uptake rate of [14C]octanoate under any conditions. By contrast, Vmax (fmol/sec per 50,000 cells) of the saturable oleate uptake component increased 3.5-fold in pFR400/pMAAT2 cells compared to pFR400, with a further 3.2-fold increase in the presence of Zn2+. Zn2+ had no effect in pFR400 controls (P > 0.5). The overall increase in Vmax between pFR400 and pFR400/pMAAT2 in the presence of Zn2+ was 10.4-fold (P < 0.01) and was highly correlated (r = 0.99) with expression of FABPpm in plasma membranes as determined by Western blotting. Neither untransfected 3T3 nor pFR400 cells expressed cell surface FABPpm detectable by immunofluorescence. By contrast, plasma membrane immunofluorescence was detected in pFR400/pMAAT2 cells, especially if cultured in 100 microM Zn2+. The data support the dual hypotheses that mAspAT and FABPpm are identical and mediate saturable long-chain free fatty acid uptake.
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PMID:3T3 fibroblasts transfected with a cDNA for mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase express plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein and saturable fatty acid uptake. 756 34

The effects of 2,3-dimercaptopropane sulphonate (DMPS) and N-(2-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-L-cysteine (bucillamine) against the renal damage induced by gold sodium thiomalate (AuTM) in adjuvant-arthritic rats were studied. Arthritic rats induced by adjuvant using Mycobacterium butyricum were injected intraperitoneally with a chelating agent (0.6 mmol/kg) immediately after intramuscular injection of AuTM (0.066 mmol/kg) every other day for 21 days. Treatment with DMPS and bucillamine prevented increases in the urinary excretion of protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and glucose and blood urea nitrogen level after AuTM injection. AuTM prevented the increase in both adjuvant-injected and uninjected hind-feet volumes. The prevention of these inflamed lesions by AuTM was not affected by DMPS and bucillamine. These chelating agents decreased the gold concentration in the kidney and liver after AuTM administration, but did not affect the hepatic and renal concentrations of copper, zinc, iron, and calcium except the renal copper level after AuTM. These findings suggest that DMPS and bucillamine are very useful antidotes for gold toxicity.
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PMID:The utility of chelating agents as antidotes for nephrotoxicity of gold sodium thiomalate in adjuvant-arthritic rats. 771 81

In the present work the influence of the administration of industrial emissions from a zinc and copper plant on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, gammaglutamyl transferase, creatine phosphokinase (CK), total bilirubin, serum zinc levels and the genetic apparatus was studied on seven ewes. Each animal was given a dose of 31.99 g of emissions per day. The first and the last animals died of zinc intoxication on days 42 and 58, respectively. Significantly increased zincemia could be observed from day 8 of the experiment (P < 0.01). In the enzymes under investigation, the most pronounced effects of the emission were seen in AST and CK activities. In comparison with the starting levels, AST values revealed significant differences on days 37 and 58 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), and CK on day 58 (P < 0.01). Significantly increased bilirubinemia (P < 0.01) could be observed from day 8 of the experiment. In the period prior to the first gavage of emission and day 30 of administration no significant increase of chromosome breaks per cell was observed in the experimental sheep. The genotoxic effect of the emission was also stated on the basis of recombination frequency visualized by means of the sister chromatid exchange test; on day 30, the increase of these disturbances revealed statistical significance (P < 0.01).
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PMID:Effects on enzymes and the genetic apparatus of sheep after administration of samples from industrial emissions. 786 91

In order to assess the liver protective activity and the antioxidant properties of a new silybin complex (IdB1016), we carried out a short-term pilot study on 20 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), randomly assigned to 240 mg of silybin b.i.d. (10 patients, 4 m/6 f, mean age: 50 years) or placebo (10 patients, 2 m/8 f, mean age: 55 years). Blood samples were collected before and after 7 days of treatment for liver function tests (LFTs), malonaldehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation, and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), two trace elements involved in protecting cells against free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. In the treated group, there was a statistically significant reduction of mean (+/- SEM) serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from 88.0 (+/- 13.3) to 65.9 (+/- 7.5) u/l, (p < 0.01), of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 115.9 (+/- 12.9) to 82.5 (+/- 10.6) u/l (p < 0.01), of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) from 51.4 (+/- 9.3) to 41.3 (+/- 4.2) u/l (p < 0.02) and of total bilirubin (TB) from 0.76 (+/- 0.08) to 0.53 (+/- 0.04) mg/dl (p < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase (AP) fell slightly from 143.4 (+/- 6.4) to 137.5 (+/- 7.8) u/l. There were no significant changes in MDA, Cu or Zn serum concentrations. These results show that IdB1016 may improve LFTs related to hepatocellular necrosis and/or increases membrane permeability in patients affected by CAH.
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PMID:A pilot study on the liver protective effect of silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (IdB1016) in chronic active hepatitis. 822 95

This study presents the diet and exercise strategies of a world-class body-builder during an 8-week precompetition period. Weighed food records were kept daily, and body fat, resting metabolic rate (RMR), VO2max, blood lipids, and liver enzymes were measured. Two hrs of aerobic exercise and 3 hrs of weight training were done daily 6 days/week. Mean energy intake was 4,952 kcal/day (54 kcal/kg) and included 1,278 kcal/day from medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). Diet without MCT provided 76% of energy from carbohydrate, 19% from protein (1.9 g protein/kg), and 5% from fat. Micro-nutrients were consumed at > or = 100% of the RDA, except for zinc and calcium, without supplementation. Mean RMR was 2,098 kcal/day and represented 43% of energy intake. VO2max was 53 ml.kg-1.min-1. Underwater weighing showed that body fat decreased from 9% to 7%. Blood lipids were normal, but two liver enzymes were elevated (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase). This world-class bodybuilder achieved body fat goals by following a nutrient dense, high energy, high carbohydrate diet and an exercise program that emphasized both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
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PMID:Diet and exercise strategies of a world-class bodybuilder. 849 40

The objective of the paper was to assess the occurrence of congenital struma in kids in relation to the clinical and biochemical finding in their mothers. Observations involved 46 imported goats of Saanen and Alpine breeds in the course of kidding and their kids. Thyroid gland hypertrophy (39 goats) and somewhat worse or even bad state of nutrition were dominant clinical findings in pregnant goats and in goats after kidding. Abortions in the last month of pregnancy were recorded in 14 goats, and 14 goats delivered stillborn kids. Eighteen goats delivered 26 liveborn kids, but 18 out of them died within 12 to 24 hours after birth. Dead kids were hairless, they had skin edema, and very shortened thoracic as well as pelvic limbs. The thyroid gland was well visible and palpable. Surviving kids lagged behind in their growth and often suffered from bronchopneumonia as an additional disease. Iodine concentration in the blood serum of goats (5.58 +/- 2.14 mumol/l) was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in comparison with kids (133.4 +/- 15.61 mumol/l). This state was characterized by adequate T3 and T4 concentrations in the blood serum of goats (1.78 +/- 0.59 and 4.53 +/- 4.44 nmol/l, resp.) and of kids (4.66 +/- 2.26 and 182.93 +/- 2.59 nmol/l, resp.). Iodine content in the thyroid gland of the seven kids that died was 1.86 +/- 0.96 mg/kg fresh tissue. Examination of indicators of the internal environment in the blood serum showed alternate statistical differences (P < 0.01) between adult goats and their kids in erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, leucocyte counts, activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, concentrations of total protein, albumin, total immunoglobulins, total lipids, cholesterol, phosphorus, copper, iron and zinc, while the explicit relation to disorders of iodine metabolism and thyroid hormones was not confirmed. The average content of iodine in the examined samples of soil (14.67 mg/kg) and alfalfa hay (0.1 mg/kg) demonstrated that primary deficiency of iodine in goats was the cause of congenital struma in kids.
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PMID:[Iodine deficiency in goats as a cause of congenital goiter in kids]. 869 66


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