Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. A study has been made of the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on the development of copper toxicosis in three groups each of eight 12-week-old lambs. 2. None of the lambs receiving 420 mg Zn/kg diet developed Cu toxicosis in the 24-week experimental period, compared with three in the control group receiving 43 mg Zn/kg and possibly one in the group receiving 220 mg Zn/kg. 3. Liver Cu concentrations were reduced by up to 40% in the Zn-supplemented animals, with concomitant reductions, especially in the early stages of the experiment, in the extent of liver damage, as assessed by measurement of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) activities. 4. Plasma and liver Zn concentrations were increased only slightly in the lambs receiving the Zn-supplemented diets, and the only indication of possible toxic effects of the Zn supplements was the development of a slight anaemia in those animals receiving 420 mg Zn/kg diet. 5. The results suggest that the incidence of Cu toxicosis in sheep may be controlled by increasing their dietary Zn intake.
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PMID:Protective effect of zinc supplementation against copper toxicosis in sheep. 100 77

Reportedly, serum manganese concentrations increase after myocardial infarction, closely correlated with increased serum aspartate aminotransferase activity. However, these conclusions are apparently based on analyses of contaminated samples. Serum manganese concentrations after myocardial infarction have been re-investigated by neutron activation analysis, and no significant increase could be demonstrated. Because serum copper and zinc could be determined simultaneously, analyses for these trace elements are also reported, which confirm the findings of others. After myocardial infarction a statistically significant (0.02 smaller than P smaller than 0.05) increase in serum copper and a statistically significant (0.001 smaller than P smaller than 0.01) decrease in serum zinc were observed.
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PMID:Influence of myocardial infarction on serum manganese, copper, and zinc concentrations. 111 93

Thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, magnesium, iron and zinc status, assessed from blood samples, was studied during a 24-week fitness-type exercise program. Subjects in exercise (n = 21) and control (n = 18) groups were female university students, aged 18-33 years. Erythrocyte (E) transketolase and glutathione activation coefficient, serum magnesium, zinc and ferritin, blood hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume were similar in both groups throughout the entire study. E-aspartate aminotransferase activation coefficient (vitamin B6 status) increased (4%) in exercise and decreased (7%) in control groups (p = 0.04), respectively. E-magnesium was stable in exercise but decreased (4%) in control groups (p = 0.004%). E-zinc increased (9%) in exercise subjects but remained stable in controls (p < 0.0001). A marginally altered vitamin B6 status was the only negative change found in exercise subjects.
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PMID:Micronutrient status in females during a 24-week fitness-type exercise program. 147 58

Eleven patients with beta thalassemia major were entered into the trial of the oral chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1). Their ages ranged from 17 to 26 years (mean +/- SD, 22.3 +/- 2.7). Six were male and five were female. L1 was administered at an initial daily dose of 42.5 to 60 mg/kg as a single dose. After 4 weeks, the dose was increased to 85 to 119 (102 +/- 10.7) mg/kg for 191 to 352 days divided into either two or four doses daily, except for one patient who developed agranulocytosis after 11 weeks and was taken off the trial. Initial serum ferritin values in the remaining 10 patients ranged between 1,000 and 9,580 (5,549 +/- 3,333) micrograms/L and at end of the trial their mean serum ferritin was significantly lower (4,126 +/- 2,278; P less than .05 using the paired t-test). Urinary iron excretion at a daily dose of 85 to 119 mg/kg administered as two divided doses ranged between 0.14 and 0.82 (0.44 +/- 0.26) mg/kg/24 h. In three patients, the four doses per day schedule caused substantially more iron excretion than the same total dose divided into two. During the course of the trial, several possible adverse effects have been encountered. One patient (female, aged 20) developed agranulocytosis 11 weeks after starting treatment and 6 weeks after beginning treatment with a daily dose of 105 mg/kg. This patient's neutrophil count recovered spontaneously 7 weeks after the discontinuation of L1. A decrease in serum zinc levels to subnormal levels was observed in four patients with symptoms of dry skin, with an itchy scaly rash in two that was associated with low serum zinc levels that responded to zinc therapy. Urinary zinc levels ranged from 4.7 to 23.4 (13 +/- 5.5) mumol/24 h and were above 9 mumol/24 h (upper limit of normal) in eight patients. Mild nausea occurred in three patients and transient diarrhea in a fourth. Mild musculoskeletal symptoms occurred in three patients but settled without discontinuation of L1 therapy in two and with temporary discontinuation of L1 in the third. A transient increase in serum aspartate transaminase was also noted in five patients, but serum aspartate transaminase levels subsequently decreased in all of them. No cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, or retinal toxicities were demonstrable. These results confirm that L1 is an effective oral iron chelator. Further clinical trials are needed to determine the incidence and severity of adverse effects.
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PMID:Efficacy and possible adverse effects of the oral iron chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) in thalassemia major. 846 82

Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of monensin in broiler litter on sheep receiving the broiler litter in their diets. Broiler litter from chickens fed monensin as a coccidiostat, and from chickens receiving no coccidiostat, was included at a level of 30% in 2 sheep diets. In a further 2 treatments, monensin (15 mg kg-1) was added to each of the 2 diets to give a 2x2 factorial experimental design. In the first trial, copper (20 mg kg-1 feed) was added to the diets. These lambs were fed individually at a slightly restricted level of intake. No differences between treatments were observed in feed intake, average daily gain or efficiency of feed utilisation or in the concentrations of zinc, iron and manganese in the liver, glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes and creatine kinase concentrations in the plasma. Hepatic copper content and copper retention in the livers of the sheep receiving the added monensin were significantly higher (P less than 0.05 and less than 0.01 respectively) than in those not receiving added monensin. The aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in the plasma of these sheep were also higher (P less than 0.05) than in those not consuming added monensin. In the second trial, the lambs were group-fed according to treatment and received the diets on an ad lib basis. The mean intakes of the groups receiving the diets with the added monensin, were lower than the intakes by the other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of monensin and its metabolites in broiler litter on sheep consuming the broiler litter. 177 Apr 87

The comparative renal toxicity of rats after injection of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn)-metallothioneins (MTs) with different Cd/Zn ratios at the same dose of 200 micrograms MT-bound Cd/kg was studied. From determination of the urinary excretion of protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glucose, which are indices of Cd-induced renal damage, the extent of the renal toxicity of the MTs used here was in the order (1 Cd/0Zn)-MT = (2Cd/1Zn)-MT greater than (1Cd/2Zn)-MT greater than (1Cd/6Zn)-MT. The characterization of Cd, Zn and Cu in the urine after injection of MTs was examined using a Sephadex G-75 column. (1Cd/0Zn)-MT injection showed that Cd was present mainly in lower-molecular-weight fractions, with only small amounts of Cd in the MT fraction. Upon injection of other MTs, Cd was present mainly in the MT fraction and increased with decreasing Cd/Zn ratio. Zn was present mainly in lower-molecular-weight fractions and Cu mainly in the MT fraction, indicating the replacement of MT-bound Zn by Cu. The cumulative urinary excretion of Cd during 12 days after injection of MTs decreased with increasing Cd/Zn ratio. The Cd content of the kidney and liver increased with increasing Cd/Zn ratio. The results of this study indicate that in rats injected with MTs with different Cd/Zn ratios, the renal uptake of Cd increases with increasing Cd/Zn ratio, resulting in more severe renal damage.
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PMID:Comparative renal toxicity of metallothioneins with different cadmium/zinc ratios in rats. 201 79

The purpose of the study was assessment of the effect of an environment contaminated with heavy metals on the activity of certain enzymes of mixed saliva. The activity was determined of total acid phosphatase and phosphatase resistant to tartrate and formaldehyde, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, and alpha-amylase. The studied material comprised 110 saliva samples obtained from three groups of children aged 8 years. Group I of 21 children lived in Szopienice, group II of 30 children lived in Miasteczko Slaskie. In both these localities the children were exposed to mean daily concentrations, above the permitted ones, mainly of lead compounds, in lower degree to cadmium and zinc compounds. Environment contamination in Szopienice was greater than in Miasteczko Slaskie. Group III of 59 children living in Lubowice served as controls. In that town the permissible concentrations of these compounds were not exceeded. Statistical analysis of these results showed that the activity of total acid phosphatase in groups I and II, that is in the contaminated areas, was highly significantly greater than in the control group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was raised only in the saliva in group I. No differences were found in the activity of alpha-amylase and aminotransferases.
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PMID:[Activity of certain salivary enzymes in school children exposed to excessive concentrations of lead and cadmium]. 264 Jun 43

A comparative trial was conducted with the oral administration of zinc sulphate to pregnant cows and heifers aimed at influencing the selected metabolic parameters in the dam-calf line. The total daily ZnSO4.7H2O dose of 3 g (680 mg Zn++) was given to dry standing cows and heifers for 35 days on an average (15-65) before the expected date of calving. The breeding conditions in the stock were problematic: losses of calves suffered in the last half-a-year period were higher than 30% of born calves; the main causes of this high mortality were coli-septicaemia and coli-enteritis. As compared with the eight control animals, the experimental cows and heifers (12 head) exhibited a transient increase in zincaemia, followed by a tendency to proteinaemia; aspartate aminotransferase activity increased, total immunoglobulins remained unchanged, and decreases were recorded in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase and aldolase. On the other hand, the concentration of total bilirubin tended to increase. In 77% of the cows and first-calvers of the experimental group the quality of colostrum complied with the standard; in the case of the control animals this proportion was 83%. Significant zincaemia occurred in the calves of the experimental cows between the first and 14th day of their age; no differences from the control calves were recorded in immunoglobulinaemia, proteinaemia, albuminaemia and in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase. On the other hand, aspartate aminotransferase activity tended to grow and alkaline phosphatase activity tended to sink. Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia disappeared within the first 14 days of age in both the experimental and the control calves. The results failed to show clearly that the intention to increase the values of the studied parameters of immunopoiesis was met.
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PMID:[Peroral administration of zinc sulfate to pregnant cows and its effect on selected metabolic indicators in the dam-calf lineage]. 273 89

Two methods of inducing liver cirrhosis in the rat were studied. Intragastric administration of CCl4 for 16 weeks according to Proctor and Chatamra was compared to the administration of thioacetamide in the drinking water (0.3 g/l) for the same period. CCl4 administration induced micronodular cirrhosis in 6/8 animals with a 27% mortality. Thioacetamide induced cirrhosis in 6/8 animals without mortality. The histologic pictures differed somewhat in that the CCl4 group exhibited more necrosis and cellular swelling while the thioacetamide group had more nuclear atypias and proliferation. Biochemically both groups had elevated plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase. The lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase (beta-NAG) showed a transient increase in the thioacetamide animals, while beta-glucuronidase decreased. CCl4-induced cirrhosis led to an increase in beta-NAG. Plasma zinc decreased in both groups as well as liver zinc content in the CCl4 group, while there was a continuous elevation of liver zinc in the thioacetamide group. We conclude that oral administration of thioacetamide is a simple and reliable method of inducing experimental liver cirrhosis. The differences in histological appearances and some biochemical parameters may be caused by the different mechanisms of action of thioacetamide and CCl4.
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PMID:Thioacetamide- and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis. 276 88

Metabolic and hormonal responses of eight adult male collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) to an ad libitum diet intake, or 25% of an ad libitum intake, were examined. Blood samples for hematological, serum-biochemical and hormonal profiles were collected at three week intervals during the nine week experiment starting 4 August 1983. Males fed on the restricted diet lost an average of 26% of their body weight during the trial, compared to a slight weight gain for those fed ad libitum. Characteristics of the red and white blood cell populations were not influenced by diet intake, with the exception of mean corpuscular volume, which was consistently lower amongst males fed on the restricted diet. Restricted food intake resulted in significantly elevated serum values for urea nitrogen, urea nitrogen:creatinine, urea index, alpha globulin:beta globulin, gamma globulin:albumin, nonesterified fatty acids, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase isozymes (LD1 and LD2). Restricted food intake resulted in significantly lowered serum values for total alpha globulin, alpha-1 globulin, total beta globulin, beta-1 globulin, beta-2 globulin, glucose, triglycerides, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, copper and triiodothyronine. Serum levels of creatinine, total protein, albumin, alpha-2 globulin, uric acid, total bilirubin, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, calcium:phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and thyroxine were unaffected by diet intake level. Semen evaluation indicated spermatogenesis was not affected by dietary restriction despite reductions in scrotal circumference and ejaculate gel volume. Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower among males fed on the restricted diet after nine weeks. These data suggest male libido might be depressed during poor range conditions, while maintenance of spermatogenesis might permit them to take immediate advantage of improved range conditions. Blood analysis of metabolic and hormonal function can provide useful information for predicting the adult male's nutritional and reproductive condition.
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PMID:Physiological responses of the adult male collared peccary, Tayassu tajacu (Tayassuidae), to severe dietary restriction. 286 11


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