Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Withholding iron dextran treatment normally given to pigs at 1-3 days of age to prevent anemia resulted also in neutropenia. Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at 0.5 mg/kg IV at 25 days of age resulted in induction of putative interferon 2 to 24 hours later, with significantly (P less than 0.05) lower concentrations in iron-deficient (Fe-) female pigs than in iron-supplemented (Fe+) female pigs. Poly I:C caused several transient toxic manifestations, including elevations in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, potassium (K), total bilirubin and phosphorus (P), marked leukopenia (both neutropenia and lymphopenia), and declines in serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose and globulin. Certain blood chemistries before poly I:C were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) different: albumin, globulin, cholesterol and K were higher in females than in males; albumin, globulin, glucose, P and K were higher in Fe- than in Fe+ pigs; and total carbon dioxide was higher in Fe+ than in Fe- pigs.
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PMID:Effects of poly I:C in porcine iron deficient neutropenia. 241 Jan 86

Oral bropirimine (an immunomodulator shown to induce interferon) was administered to timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats in five experiments utilizing several different dosing schedules. Concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of bropirimine were used. Interferon levels were determined in maternal serum, spleen, and whole embryo extracts and uterine contents were evaluated for survival of the embryos. Maternal toxicity occurred in all experiments as evidenced by dose-related decreases in body weight during the first 24 hr postdosing. Hematoxicology analyses of maternal serum revealed significant decreases in urea nitrogen, potassium, and albumin, along with increases in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and total bilirubin, in bropirimine-treated dams as compared to the vehicle controls. In addition, the means for maternal thymus weight decreased while the means for spleen weight increased with increasing concentration of bropirimine. As compared to the vehicle controls, interferon titers were high in maternal serum, maternal spleen, and, to a lesser extent, whole embryos, 2 hr postdosing, but had decreased or were below detectable levels 24 hr postdosing. Embryolethality was pronounced (increases in pre- and postimplantational loss) after a single dose (Gestation Day 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, or 10) of bropirimine, as well as after 7 or 8 consecutive days (Gestation Days 6-12 or 6-13) of treatment. Although embryotoxicity never occurred in these experiments in the absence of pronounced maternal toxicity, the pregnant dams never died as the result of bropirimine treatment, whereas the embryos frequently failed to survive.
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PMID:Bropirimine-induced embryolethality after oral administration to the pregnant rat. 247 83

The hepatotoxic effects of hyperthermic liver perfusion were investigated in male Fischer 344 rat livers. Perfusions were carried out at 37, 41, 42, 42.5, and 43 degrees C for 2 hr. During the 2 hr, the perfusate was analyzed for activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), and glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), allantoin, and potassium. After perfusion, each liver was homogenized and analyzed for total xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, percentage type-D and type-O XO, and total GSH content. Perfusate AST, LDH, NAG, and potassium levels were increased significantly with time and were significantly different in all hyperthermic perfusions from the 37 degrees C perfusion values by the end of the perfusion. Perfusate GSH + GSSG levels were increased significantly in all hyperthermic perfusions after 60 min. Liver GSH levels were significantly lowered following perfusion at hyperthermic temperatures. There was a temperature-dependent increase in the percentage of XO in the type-O form following perfusion at hyperthermic temperatures, which was strongly and positively correlated with the loss of hepatic GSH. These data support the hypothesis that hyperthermic toxicity to the liver is the result of oxidative stress brought about by conversion of XO to the type-O form.
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PMID:Effects of hyperthermia on xanthine oxidase activity and glutathione levels in the perfused rat liver. 259 31

We determined the effect of long-term freezer storage and repeated thawing and freezing of serum on concentrations of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate), enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase), total protein, tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein), and other substances. Vials (1 ml) of frozen serum from a single blood drawing from 40 women with no breast disease and 70 with benign breast disease were analyzed annually from 1983 to 1987. Blood had been obtained from 40 subjects in 1978, 40 in 1980, and 30 in 1983. Thawing and refreezing studies were done in two ways: (1) serum samples from 30 subjects with benign breast disease were thawed at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and (2) serum samples from 30 patients with stage IV breast cancer were analyzed for alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen, and serum specimens from 23 patients with benign breast disease and 7 control subjects were analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase after thawing and keeping the samples at room temperature for up to 4 hours and then refreezing them. For measuring laboratory variability, duplicate samples were processed. Long-term storage (up to 10 years) and repeated thawing and refreezing did not affect the results of any tested constituents of serum. Although most measurements showed statistically significant variability over test cycles, these differences were thought to be due to laboratory variability.
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PMID:Effect of long-term freezer storage, thawing, and refreezing on selected constituents of serum. 259 13

The results from an external quality control of dry-chemistry instruments are presented. The performance with regard to imprecision was good. With regard to accuracy, the performance was poor for aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides and uric acid. The inaccuracy of alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose and potassium was comparable to that obtained by hospital instruments using wet chemistry. There were no large differences with respect to quality between Seralyzer and Reflotron. However, Seralyzer users performed more analyses per week, analysed a higher number of constituents and had more experienced operators than the Reflotron users. Reflotron users more often analysed the sample in connection with the consultation. The importance of an established quality control programme for these instruments is underlined.
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PMID:Performance of dry-chemistry instruments in primary health care. 259 43

The efficacy of sustained-release propranolol 160 mg (Inderal LA), bendrofluazide 5 mg and the combination preparation Inderex (bendrofluazide 5 mg and Inderal LA) in the treatment of hypertension was investigated. Twenty-one patients over a wide age range were studied, as it was of particular interest to find whether differing responses across a range of age groups might exist 24 hours post-dosing. Blood pressure control was greater with Inderex than with either Inderal LA or bendrofluazide. No significant difference between different age groups on the three treatments was demonstrated. There was some evidence, not statistically significant, suggesting potassium values to be lower on bendrofluazide and on Inderex. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) values were raised on bendrofluazide. Inderex is more effective in lowering blood pressure than either bendrofluazide or Inderal LA alone, and as a single capsule given once daily encourages compliance in comparison with combination treatments.
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PMID:Treatment of hypertension with a fixed ratio combination of long-acting propranolol and bendrofluazide, and influence of age of the subject. 259 98

The autonomic mechanisms of fasting-induced bradycardia of cattle were studied using heart rate spectral analysis. This was performed on digitized, lead II, surface electrocardiograms from conscious, fed, and 48-h-fasted adult cows. Fasting resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in resting heart rate and a significant (P = 0.0041) increase in low frequency (0-90 mHz) power spectral area. Administration of atropine sulfate (0.02 mg/kg iv) in either the fed or fasted state resulted in a significant (P less than 0.001) decrease in both low-frequency and high-frequency (100-400 mHz) power spectral areas. Significant (P less than 0.05) increases in serum total bilirubin, inorganic phosphorus, and total protein were associated with fasting. Significant decreases were seen in fasting serum aspartate aminotransferase and potassium values. Manual evacuation of the rumen of seven steers with chronic rumen fistulae resulted in a mean percent decrease in heart rate of 22 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- SE). These results indicate that in normal cattle a decrease in ruminorecticular fill results in a reflex slowing of the heart rate, due predominantly to an increase in parasympathetic tone.
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PMID:Heart rate spectral analysis of fasting-induced bradycardia of cattle. 260 92

The health status of broilers fed diets with varying protein contents in the presence of ochratoxin A (OA) were evaluated using clinical-chemistry techniques for blood analysis. A completely randomized, 3 x 4 factorial design was utilized: 14, 18, 22, and 26% of dietary protein and 0, 2, and 4 mg/kg of OA. The broilers were raised to 3 wk of age, at which time blood was collected and various hematological parameters were evaluated. The serum was analyzed for various enzyme activities and for concentrations of metabolites and minerals using an automated, clinical-chemistry analyzer and an atomic-absorption spectrophotometer. Adding OA to the diets of broilers decreased the hemoglobin concentration, corpuscular volume, and the activity of serum alkaline and phosphatase but increased the activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase. Adding protein to the diet increased the activity of the serum aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and alkaline phosphatase. Adding OA to the diet of broilers decreased the concentrations of serum total protein, as well as the concentrations of albumen and cholesterol and increased the concentrations of serum creatinine and uric acid. The concentrations of serum total protein, albumin, urea nitrogen, and triglyceride were increased by adding protein to the diet. The concentrations of calcium, potassium, and inorganic phosphorus in the serum decreased when OA was added to the diet; but the concentrations of calcium and potassium content in the serum increased along with dietary protein. A regression analysis suggested that dietary protein was synergistic toward OA with regard to the blood levels of cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ochratoxin A and dietary protein. 2. Effects on hematology and various clinical chemistry measurements. 262 21

After racing 722 m, 16 Greyhounds were evaluated to determine changes in hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values following exercise. Values were determined before racing (T0), immediately after racing (T1), and 3 hours after racing (T2). Significant changes detected immediately after racing included increased heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Significant changes in hematologic values included increases in PCV, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Change was not detected in values for monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Other increases included those for plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium, lactic acid, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose. Concentrations of potassium and urea did not change. Measurement of blood-gas and acid-base status revealed significant increases in PaO2 and base deficit, whereas PaCO2, pH, and bicarbonate decreased. Three hours after exercise, all vital signs and blood-gas and acid-base values, except for PaCO2, which was still slightly low, had returned to baseline (T0) values. Most biochemical values had also returned to baseline, although sodium, chloride, aspartate transaminase, and creatine kinase were still high, and urea was low. Many hematologic values were still different from baseline values, with high values for WBC, neutrophils and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and low values for PCV, total plasma protein, hemoglobin, RBC, and lymphocytes.
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PMID:Hematologic, biochemical, blood-gas, and acid-base values in greyhounds before and after exercise. 271 27

Rat livers were perfused at 37 degrees C, 41 degrees C, 42 degrees C, 42.5 degrees C, and 43 degrees C for 2 hr. Among perfusate constituents analyzed were urea, total amino acids, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), allantoin, potassium, phosphate, and glucose. After perfusion, livers were homogenized and analyzed for xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, GSH content, and lysosomal lability. Perfusate AST, LDH, NAG, potassium, glucose, and phosphate increased significantly with time, and there were significant differences in the final values between 37 degrees C and 42 degrees C, 42.5 degrees C and 43 degrees C (P less than .05). GSH levels increased significantly at all temperatures after 90 and 120 min, whereas GSSG levels differed significantly at 60, 90, and 120 min for 37 degrees C vs. 42 degrees C, 42.5 degrees C, and 43 degrees C (P less than .05). Mean MDA levels at 37 degrees C differed from those at 41 degrees C and 43 degrees C (P less than .05) at each temperature. Allantoin levels increased significantly with time of perfusion; mean levels at 37 degrees C were significantly different from mean levels at each temperature at 60, 90, and 120 min. GSH liver tissue levels decreased with perfusion at hyperthermic temperatures; mean values at 41 degrees C, 42 degrees C, and 42.5 degrees C, and 43 degrees C differed from 37 degrees C mean values (P less than .01). Type O XO increased after 120 min perfusion from 6.4% +/- 2.0% at 37 degrees C to 55% +/- 30%, 43% +/- 27%, and 63% +/- 29% at 42 degrees C, 42.5 degrees C, and 43 degrees C, respectively. Lysosomal lability increased after perfusion at 42.5 degrees C. There was a significant increase in nonsedimentable NAG activity at 42.5 degrees C (P less than .05). These data support the premise that hyperthermic toxicity to the liver may be a consequence of oxidative stress brought about by enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) consumption and conversion of XO to type O. Such conversion results in superoxide formation and subsequent depletion of cellular GSH, labilization of the lysosomes, and plasma membrane damage.
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PMID:Hyperthermic liver toxicity: a role for oxidative stress. 279 43


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