Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Riboflavin and vitamin B6 status of low-income mothers in Hyderabad, India, were assessed by erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase activation tests, respectively, at different stages of lactation. Levels of these vitamins in milk also were measured. The 134 lactating women, who attended a maternal and child care clinic in a government hospital, were divided according to the duration of lactation into the following 6 groups: less than 5 days (Group I), 6-30 days (Group II), 1-6 months (Group III), 7-12 months (Group IV), 13-18 months (Group V), and more than 18 months (Group VI). 6 women had been using oral contraceptives (OCs) for 3-6 months (Group VII). Since OCs are not prescribed before 8 months of lactation, the lactational status of the OC users was comparable to that of the women in groups IV or V. Except for the pariurient mothers (Group I) who delivered in the hospital, the remainder of the women came to the hospital for routine pediatric care or contraceptive advice. Most women had had a frugal breakfast and had nursed their infants 2 hours prior to the sampling of blood and milk. 10 ml samples of foremilk (5 ml from each breast) were collected by manual expression. Samples of venous blood were draw after collecting the milk. Correlations between the maternal vitamin status and milk vitamin concentration were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and frequency distribution. The majority of the women had biochemical evidence of riboflavin and pyridoxine deficiency, the incidence of the former being greater than the latter. Prolonged lactation did not worsen the vitamin status. Group II women showed a reduction in erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity (EGR-AC) values suggesting better riboflavin status than the other groups. A similar trend was not seen with regard to pyridoxal phosphate. Milk riboflavin concentration was similar in all the groups except Group II where the levels were significantly higher. Milk pyridoxine concentration increased 3-4 fold after 1 month of lactation and continued to be at that level beyond 18 months. There was no correlation between the maternal riboflavin and milk riboflavin status or maternal pyridoxine and milk pyridoxine status. The higher milk riboflavin concentration among the Group II women was seen regardless of the women's riboflavin status in that group. OC-treated women did not show any significant deviations from women not using OCs.
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PMID:Relationship between maternal vitamins B2 and B6 status and the levels of these vitamins in milk at different stages of lactation. A study in a low-income group of Indian women. 395 16

This study was conducted in order to assess the nutritional status of thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, carotene, retinol, ascorbic acid, plasma iron, hemoglobin and plasma albumin of the elderly living in two cooperative farms (Kibbutzim), in Israel. Blood samples from elderly subjects aged 60 to 85 (33 women, 26 men), were collected for analysis. Thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status were assessed by using enzymatic activation coefficient. Transketolase was used for determining thiamin status, glutathione reductase for determining riboflavin status and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase for pyridoxine status. Transketolase activation coefficient ranged from 1.05-1.59 with a mean 1.18 and SEM 0.02, glutathione reductase coefficient ranged from 1.08-1.50 with a mean 1.25 and SEM 0.07 and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activation coefficient ranged from 1.71-2.15 with a mean 1.83 and SEM 0.06. Deficient levels were found in the following: Leucocyte ascorbic acid 5% of the population, hemoglobin 18%, plasma iron 20%, carotene 32% and plasma retinol 20%, thiamin 14% and riboflavin 32%. No deficient state was found in pyridoxine.
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PMID:Nutritional status in elderly population in kibbutzim. 407 7

The effect of haemolysis on the levels of commonly analysed plasma constituents was investigated in the common marmoset. Results were divided into a) low levels of extra haemolysis (less than 2 g/l plasma haemoglobin) and b) high levels of extra haemolysis (greater than 2 g/l plasma haemoglobin). Mean changes in plasma constituent levels were examined and the correlation with increased haemolysis measured. Large changes in malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were found at low levels of haemolysis. With higher levels of haemolysis there were statistically significant changes in the levels of alanine aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase. The significance of these findings is considered in relation to the interpretation of changes of plasma constituents as indicators of tissue/organ damage.
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PMID:The effect of haemolysis on some clinical chemistry parameters in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). 643 Nov 86

We investigated the mechanism by which the three most commonly measured enzymes in erythrocytes are activated by their respective coenzymes by determining the catalytic activity concentrations of transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) in relation to various substrate concentrations. We conclude that the underlying mechanisms by which the enzymes are activated are not the same.
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PMID:Influence of substrate concentration on the activation of transketolase, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutathione reductase by coenzymes. 669 Jan 23

One hundred and seventy-two successive admissions to a district general hospital psychiatric unit were examined. Routine psychiatric, drug and dietary histories were taken and signs of avitaminosis B specifically noted. Red cell transketolase (for thiamine deficiency), glutathione reductase (for riboflavin deficiency) and aspartate transaminase (for pyridoxine deficiency) were measured. Of the patients, 53 per cent were deficient in at least one vitamin, 12 per cent in more than one (30 per cent in thiamine, 27 per cent in riboflavin and 9 per cent in pyridoxine). Schizophrenics and alcoholics were significantly over-represent in those patients low in thiamine and in more than one vitamin. Patients with an affective disorder had low riboflavin and low pyridoxine. It is suggested that affective changes are characteristic of riboflavin and pyridoxine deficiency.
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PMID:Thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine deficiency in psychiatric in-patients. 713 10

1. Erythrocytes (RBC) from control and marginally riboflavin-deficient subjects were fractionated into nine fractions using a discrete density gradient. 2. Glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H: glutathione oxidoreductase; EC 1.6.4.2) activity and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activity (with and without the appropriate co-enzymes) reduced glutathione, methaemoglobin, sulphaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin and susceptibility to peroxide were measured in RBC in the different fractions. 3. Glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and concentrations of reduced glutathione and oxyhaemoglobin all declined with age, while methaemogloblin, sulphaemoglobin and susceptibility to peroxide increased with age. 4. The only significant differences noted in the RBC from marginally-riboflavin-deficient subjects by comparison with controls, were lower glutathione reductase activities and higher concentrations of methaemoglobin. 5. The role of riboflavin in those systems controlling RBC integrity is discussed.
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PMID:Riboflavin deficiency in man: effects on haemoglobin and reduced glutathione in erythrocytes of different ages. 728 95

The effects of simultaneous administration of thiamine, niacin or vitamin B12 with vitamin E on plasma vitamin E levels were studied in 20 adult male volunteers belonging to the low socio-economic class. The effect of vitamin E on the nutritional status of pyridoxine, riboflavin and thiamine as judged by the erythrocyte enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione reductase and transketolase, respectively was also studied. None of the members of the B-complex vitamins studied here had any effect on plasma vitamin E levels. This was in contrast to the observation made earlier that pyridoxine and riboflavin can reduce plasma vitamin E. There was a transient reduction in both the basal and stimulated activities of erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase, the significance of which needs further investigation.
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PMID:Studies on interactions of vitamin E with thiamine, niacin and vitamin B12. 731 77

Serum activity of glutathione reductase (GR), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) phosphate alkaline (PAL), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was studied in 142 patients, in all serum bilirubin was more than 2 mg/dl. Distribution was as follows; 68 cirrhosis of the liver; 27 acute hepatitis; 31 benign extra-hepatic biliary obstruction; and 16 neoplastic obstruction of the biliary tract without liver metastasis. Fifty-three healthy volunteer blood donors were used as the control group. Mean values for GR activity in our patients were significantly higher than those for the control group, although less so in benign obstruction (p less than 0.01) than in those with acute hepatitis (p less than 0.001), cirrhosis (p less than 0.01) and neoplasic biliary obstruction (p less than 0.001). The GPI values were higher than the control groups in patients with acute hepatitis (p less than 0.001) and obstructive neoplastic jaundice (p less than 0.02). In cases with cirrhosis, 87% presented slightly higher values of GR, while GPI was within normal levels in 93 % of all cases. In patients with acute hepatitis, 92% showed a definite increase in GPI and GR values. In 71% of those with benign biliary obstruction levels for both enzymes were normal, as they were in only 6% of those with obstructive neoplastic jaundice. These findings are statistically significant in all cases and of diagnostic value in establishing a differential enzymatic diagnosis in patients presenting with clinical and biological patterns of cholestasis.
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PMID:[Determination of serum activity of glucose phosphate isomerase and glutathione reductase in intra and extra hepatic cholestasis.(author's transl)]. 732 37

Vitamin B6 is considered to be a risk nutrient for elderly people. Conversion of most naturally available vitamin B6 to its functional coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) depends on riboflavin. Therefore, interrelations were studied between riboflavin and vitamin B6 among 473 elderly people not using supplements containing B-vitamins. Habitual food consumption (assessed through dietary history with cross-check), plasma PLP levels and enzyme activities of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (EAST), with and without added flavin adenine dinucleotide and PLP, respectively, were determined. The results showed that unstimulated and stimulated EAST activity was higher when EGR activity (both simulated and unstimulated) was higher. Plasma PLP was positively associated with (un)stimulated EGR activities, but these correlations were not significant, probably due to the lower number of observations. Adjusted for the intake of vitamin B6 similar observations were made for the forementioned interactions between the biochemical indicators. To identify the strongest correlates of the vitamin B6 status indicators, stepwise regression analysis was carried out. The results showed that in each model an indicator of the riboflavin status was included. Our findings suggest an interaction between the status of riboflavin and vitamin B6 at intake levels normally found among Dutch elderly people.
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PMID:Interrelationships between riboflavin and vitamin B6 among elderly people (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System). 781 35

Cisplatin, a nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, was injected into Sprague Dawley rats, alone or together with cysteine, vitamin E and clonidine. The effects on erythrocyte fragility, serum composition, and kidney and liver enzymes were studied. Cisplatin was administered as two i.p. injections (6 mg/kg body weight) at an interval of 120 hours. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the second injection. Erythrocytes were prepared from blood collection with anticoagulant. Serum was prepared from clotted blood, collected without anticoagulant. Kidneys and liver were removed and homogenized, and a supernatant prepared by high speed centrifugation. In cisplatin-treated rats, the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased, whereas the activities of isocitric dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase were increased. Also, concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total lipids and magnesium increased while albumin and glucose decreased. Mean osmotic fragility of erythrocytes from cisplatin-treated rats was decreased, while the haematocrit was increased. In the liver, the only change seen was an increased activity of isocitric dehydrogenase. Much greater changes were found in the kidneys, with increased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and decreased activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, malic dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as a decreased phosphorylation to oxidation ratio in the mitochondria, indicating reduced adenosine triphosphate production. Administration of cysteine and vitamin E together with cisplatin partially reversed the uraemia and many of the biochemical changes induced by cisplatin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in serum, liver and kidneys of cisplatin-treated rats; effects of antioxidants. 788 81


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