Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dosing different preparations and extracts of Astragalus lusitanicus to lambs showed the fresh plant or its dry powder were highly toxic while the ethyl acetate or methanol extract did not cause toxicosis, suggesting the toxic principle is an extremely water soluble compound. The animals alternated excitement and depression, with cardiac and respiratory disorders terminally. Alpha-mannosidase inhibition was not detected in blood of dosed lambs, but an inhibitory activity was in tissues from lambs given the fresh plant or its powder. There was increased aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activity, suggesting skeletal muscle and neurological effects. Thin-layer chromatography and the alpha-mannosidase inhibition assay did not detect swainsonine in ethyl acetate, methanol or water: methanol plant extracts.
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PMID:Clinical and analytical studies of sheep dosed with various preparations of Astragalus lusitanicus. 983 Jun 91

The antifibrotic effect of the methanol extract from Polygonum aviculare (PA), Artemisia capillaris (AC) and an aqueous solution of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on liver fibrosis were studied. Liver fibrosis was induced by a bile duct ligation and scission (BDL/S) operation, duration of 4 weeks in rats. In BDL/S rats, the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin in serum and hydroxyproline content in liver were dramatically increased. The PA treatment in BDL/S rats reduced the serum AST, ALT and ALP levels significantly (p<0.01). Liver hydroxyproline content in PA treated BDL/S group was also reduced to 40% that of BDL/S control group (p<0.01). The morphological characteristics of fibrotic liver, which appeared in BDL/S control group were improved in the PA treated BDL/S group. But neither AC nor DDB treatment improved any parameters in fibrotic rats induced by BDL/S. These results indicate that PA has an antifibrotic effect on fibrotic rats induced by BDL/S.
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PMID:Antifibrotic effects of the methanol extract of Polygonum aviculare in fibrotic rats induced by bile duct ligation and scission. 1070 93

Anoectochilus formosanus Hay. and Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino are popular folk medicines that have been used for treating hepatitis, hypertension and cancer in Taiwan. Our previous studies showed that these crude drugs exert antiinflammatory activity and hepatoprotective activity against CC14-induced liver damage. In this study, the antioxidant effect of these crude drugs and their hepatoprotective activity on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rat was evaluated. Our results suggest that A. formosanus and G. pentaphyllum do have antioxidant effects. On acetaminophen-intoxicated model, the increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by acetaminophen administration were reduced by treatment with these two herbs. In histological observation, gross necrosis in the centribular area, sinusoidal congestion, infiltration of the lymphocytes and Kupffer cells around the hepatic central vein, and loss of cell boundaries and ballooning degeneration were reduced with herbal treatment. However, the effect of A. formosanus and G. pentaphyllum is biphasic. Methanol extract (100 and 300 mg/kg) and water extract (300 and 500 mg/kg) of A formosanus and water extract (100, 300 and 500 mg/kg) of G. pentaphyllum enhanced the recovery of liver injury while treatment with 500 mg/kg of A. formosanus methanol extract resulted in serious hepatic injury.
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PMID:Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Anoectochilus formosanus and Gynostemma pentaphyllum. 1079 20

Methanol is oxidized in-vivo to formaldehyde and then to formate, and these processes are accompanied by the generation of free radicals. We have studied the effect of N-acetylcysteine on liver cell membrane from rats intoxicated with methanol (3.0 g kg(-1)). Evaluation of the effect was achieved by several methods. Lipid peroxidation and surface charge density were measured. An ultrastructural study of the liver cells was undertaken. The concentration of marker enzymes of liver damage (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) in blood serum was measured. Methanol administration caused an increase in lipid peroxidation products (approximately 30%) as well as in surface charge density (approximately 60%). This might have resulted in the membrane liver cell damage visible under electron microscopy and a leak of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase into the blood (increase of approximately 70 and 50%, respectively). Ingestion of N-acetylcysteine with methanol partially prevented these methanol-induced changes. Compared with the control group, lipid peroxidation was increased by approximately 3% and surface charge density by approximately 30%. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity increased by 9 and 8%, respectively, compared with the control group. The results suggested that N-acetylcysteine was an effective antioxidant in methanol intoxication. It may have efficacy in protecting free radical damage to liver cells following methanol intoxication.
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PMID:Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine on rat liver cell membrane during methanol intoxication. 1086 43

We examined the antifibrotic effect of a methanol extract from Stephania tetrandra (ST) on experimental liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL/S) in rats. In BDL/S rats, activity levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminse (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), concentration of total bilirubin in serum, and hydroxyproline content of the liver were significantly increased. The ST treatment (either 100 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 4 weeks) in BDL/S rats reduced the serum AST, ALT and ALP activity levels significantly (p< 0.01). Similarly, when compared to the control group, the concentration of hydroxyproline in the livers of the BDL/S rats treated with 100mg or 200mg ST treated rats decreased by 40% and 33% respectively, when compared to the BDL/S control group (p<0.01). The morphological characteristics of fibrotic liver that were observed in the BDL/S control group, improved in the ST treated BDL/S group. In the fibrotic liver of BDL/S rats treated with ST, a marked reduction in the numbers of alpha smooth muscle cell actin positive stellate cells was observed. These results indicate that doses of either 100 or 200 mg/kg/day of methanol extract from S. tetrandra, had an antifibrotic effect in rats with liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission.
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PMID:Antifibrotic effect of Stephania tetrandra on experimental liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission in rats. 1105 31

The different fractions of alcoholic extract and one phenolic compound AB-IV of seeds of Cichorium intybus Linn were screened for antihepatotoxic activity on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver damage in albino rats. The degree of protection was measured using biochemical parameters like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), and total protein (TP). The methanol fraction and compound AB-IV were found to possess a potent antihepatotoxic activity comparable to the standard drug Silymarin (Silybon-70). The histopathological study of the liver was also carried out, wherein the methanolic fraction and compound AB-IV showed almost complete normalization of the tissues as neither fatty accumulation nor necrosis was observed.
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PMID:Antihepatotoxic activity of seeds of Cichorium intybus. 1286 Mar 15

The diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone and methanol extract of Nerium indicum leaf were evaluated for their piscicidal activity against common freshwater air breathing predatory fish Channa punctatus. The rank of order of toxicity (LC50) of the leaf extract was, diethyl ether extract (17.34 mg/l)>acetone (40.01 mg/l)>chloroform (40.61 mg/l)>and methanol (106.37 mg/l). There was a significant negative correlation between LC50 values and exposure periods. Thus increase in exposure period, LC50 decreases from 17.34 mg/l (24 h) to >13.58 mg/l (96 h) in the diethyl ether extract. Similar trends were also observed in acetone, chloroform and methanol extracts. Exposure of sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of the diethyl ether extract of N. indicum leaf (which has maximum piscicidal activity) for 24 or 96 h caused significant alteration in the level of total protein, total free amino acid, nucleic acid, glycogen, pyruvate, lactate and activity of enzyme protease, phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and acetylcholinesterase in liver and muscle tissue. The alterations in all the above biochemical parameters were significantly (P<0.05) time and dose dependent. There was a significant recovery in all the above biochemical parameters, in both liver and muscle tissues of fish after the seventh day of the withdrawal of treatment. Thus, the leaf extracts of N. indicum have potent piscicidal activity against fish C. punctatus and also significantly affect both aerobic and anaerobic pathway of respiration in fish.
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PMID:Control of common freshwater predatory fish, Channa punctatus, through Nerium indicum leaf extracts. 1450 8

The methanol extract of the leaves of Centaurium erythraea L. (Gentianaceae) was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats. An oral dose of 300 mg/kg/day for 6 days or a single dose of 900 mg/kg for 1 day exhibited a significant protective effect by lowering serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The activity of the extract was supported by histopathological examination of liver sections.
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PMID:Hepatoprotective activity of Centaurium erythraea on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. 1517 8

Anti-hepatotoxic activity of methanol extract of Coscinium fenestratum stem (MEC) was investigated against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatopathy in rats. Hepatotoxic rats were treated with MEC for a period of 90 days (60mg/kg body weight, daily, orally by intubation). Anti-hepatotoxic effect was studied by assaying the activities of serum marker enzymes like aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase etc. and glucose (6) phosphate dehydrogenase in liver. We also estimated the concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in serum, liver and kidney. The activities of all the marker enzymes registered a significant elevation in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, which were significantly recovered towards an almost normal level in animals co-administered with MEC. Other biochemical changes induced by carbon tetrachloride too showed reliable signs of retrieving towards the normalcy. Histopathological analysis confirmed the biochemical investigations. This study unravels the anti-hepatotoxic activity of MEC.
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PMID:Effect of Coscinium fenestratum on hepatotoxicity in rats. 1557 29

The neurotoxic effect of palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer L.) shoot flour on Wistar rats has been reported previously by Arseculeratne and co-workers. A deficiency in previous studies was an inadequate description of the methodology, especially on the composition and consumption of test and control feed, and weight gain/losses. This study shows that feeds containing 100% and 70% palmyrah flour result in very little or no feed consumption, and deaths reported could have been interpreted as being due to starvation. A mixture of 50% palmyrah flour and 50% standard breeding feed results in the neurotoxic symptoms such as muscle in-coordination, spasms and immobility of hind limbs reported previously (Arseculeratne and coworkers). These neurotoxic symptoms can be eliminated by heating the palmyrah flour at 80 degrees C for 45 min; that is, detoxification. Attempts were made to reproduce the neurotoxic effect by administering two-fold palmyrah flour extractive compared with that contained in the same flour consumed by experimental rats per day. This did not produce a neurotoxic effects (as reported previously while using rats fed on standard breeding feed). It is interpreted that the nutritional status of the diet influences that manifestation of the neurotoxic effect; the effect being suppressed with a nutritious diet. Studies on the blood enzyme levels of rats showed that while alanine aminotransferase was not affected, aspartate aminotransferase was significantly affected by oral administration of organic solvent-free water and methanol:water (1:1) extractives (P = 0.023 and P = 0.0044), respectively. This study shows that while the reported hepatotoxin is not extracted by these solvent systems, there appears to be a tissue non-specific cellular damage reflected at a subclinical level.
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PMID:The neurotoxic effect of palmyrah (Borassus flabellifer) flour re-visited. 1601 5


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