Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new crystal form of chicken cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) has been grown using a mixture of ammonium sulfate with ethanol as a precipitant. Crystals of the enzyme belong to the space group P 2(1)2(1)2(1) having the following unit cell dimensions: a = 62.38 A, b = 117.41 A, c = 124.34 A. There is one molecule of the enzyme in the asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract at 1.8 A resolution.
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PMID:[A new form of aspartate aminotransferase crystals]. 787 85

We examined the value of laboratory markers of excessive alcohol (ethanol) intake as predictors of mortality, morbidity, and health-care utilization in a cohort of 330 patients attending an acute ambulatory care service. Among men, all four markers examined--gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)--were predictive of medical sequelae and health-care utilization over a 3-year period. In contrast, social problems were more closely related to the amount of alcohol consumption at initial assessment than to any biological marker. Serum GGT and AST activities and MCV were predictive of medical sequelae in women. The predictive value of GGT was an independent risk factor and did not merely reflect recent alcohol intake or the presence of chronic liver disease. We conclude that these readily available laboratory tests provide important prognostic information and should be an integral part of the assessment of persons with hazardous alcohol consumption.
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PMID:Prediction of alcohol-related harm by laboratory test results. 790 Sep 34

The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded and the serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate transaminase (ASAT) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was measured in 22 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) under spinal or epidural anaesthesia. The irrigating fluid consisted of 1.5% glycine and 1% ethanol, and absorption of the fluid was monitored by detection of alcohol in the expired breath. The results show that nine of the 11 patients (82%) who absorbed more than 1,000 ml of irrigating fluid had developed ECG changes 24 h after the operations. The most common alteration was depression of the T wave. This sign was only seen in one (9%) of the patients who absorbed none or very small amounts of irrigating fluid (P < 0.001). The serum activity of CK and ASAT increased in five patients who also developed ECG changes, and the highest values were recorded 24 h after TURP. The CK-MB isoenzyme was detected in 85% of the samples with elevated total CK, but the criteria for myocardial infarction were never fulfilled. In contrast, PAP increased in all patients and the highest level occurred at the end of TURP. The activity-time profiles suggest that CK and ASAT entered the circulation by a mechanism different from that of PAP. We conclude that absorption of glycine solution during TURP is frequently followed by nonspecific ECG signs of altered cardiac function and also that the serum activities of CK and ASAT increase in some of these patients.
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PMID:ECG and cardiac enzymes after glycine absorption in transurethral prostatic resection. 797 44

Serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), the proportions of eight haemoglobin fractions separated by cation exchange liquid chromatography, indices of liver function and various haematological parameters were determined in most of a group of 49 chronic alcoholics who had misused alcohol for at least the preceding 3 months and in 15 healthy non-alcoholic control subjects. The percentages of alcoholics giving abnormally high values for gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity, CDT levels, GGT activity or CDT levels or both, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were, respectively, 73.0, 71.0, 87.1 and 64.4. The percentages of patients giving abnormally high values for the proportion of HbA1a, proportion of HbA1ach, proportion of HbA1a or HbA1ach or both, MCH, MCV and red cell distribution width (RDW) were, respectively, 46.8, 25.5, 55.3, 55.3, 36.2 and 29.8. Reduced values for the red cell folate concentration, lymphocyte count and platelet count were found in 36.2%, 6.4% and 17.0%, respectively, of the alcoholics. When compared with the control subjects, the group of alcoholics showed statistically significant increases in the mean values for the MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW and statistically significant decreases in the mean values for the haemoglobin distribution width (HDW) and the logarithms of the holo-transcobalamin II concentrations and the platelet count. The logarithms of the CDT values correlated directly with the MCV and MCH and inversely with the logarithms of the lymphocyte or platelet counts and the HDW, suggesting but not proving that the haematological changes in chronic alcoholism may be at least partly related to defective glycosylation of the constituents of developing blood cells or, possibly, of haemopoietic growth factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alcohol Alcohol 1994 Jul
PMID:Correlations between acetaldehyde-modified haemoglobin, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and haematological abnormalities in chronic alcoholism. 798 79

We examined the early changes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in chronically alcohol-fed rats with or without splenectomy. Administration of 2 mg/kg body weight LPS caused severe hepatic injury. The plasma aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) activity was significantly higher in sham-operated rats 8 hr after LPS injection than in splenectomized rats. The plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity was also significantly higher 1 hr after LPS injection in sham-operated rats than in splenectomized rats. The plasma thromboxane (TX) B2/6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha ratio increased in sham-operated rats after LPS injection. Therefore, the balance of arachidonic acid metabolites was in a hypercoagulated state in sham-operated rats after the LPS injection. Neutrophil infiltration into liver tissue increased in sham-operated rats after the LPS injection. The cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites released from the spleen after LPS injection in alcohol-fed rats may play important roles in severe hepatic injury.
Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 1993
PMID:Roles of the splenic cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites in severe hepatic injury after lipopolysaccharide injection in chronically alcohol-fed rats. 800 35

Conventional laboratory tests: gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) were studied as possible markers of heavy drinking in a sample of 1,619 first-year university students in Helsinki. Alcohol consumption was measured on a frequency-volume scale. No significant (p < 0.001) correlation between the laboratory tests and reported drinking was found. However, significant differences between different drinking groups were found in GGT, MCV, and HDL-cholesterol in both female and male students and in cholesterol in male students. We conclude that, even if alcohol drinking has some impact on GGT, MCV, HDL-cholesterol, and cholesterol (males), these tests are neither specific nor sensitive enough to be used as screening tests for heavy drinking in young students.
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PMID:Conventional laboratory tests as indicators of heavy drinking in young university students. 809 94

The capacity of the malate-aspartate shuttle was evaluated in periportal (PP-H) and perivenous subfraction of rat hepatocytes (PV-H). The rate of glutamine production from alanine was 34-fold higher in PV-H than in PP-H. Statistically significant differences between PP-H and PV-H were found for the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase but not for the activities of NAD(+)-malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and mitochondrial alanine aminotransferase. The rate of glucose production from sorbitol and the rate of ethanol utilization were higher in PP-H than in PV-H. In the presence of phenazine methosulfate (PMS), the increments in these rates were significantly greater in PV-H than in PP-H. The capacity of malate-aspartate shuttle in the presence of alanine was significantly higher in PP-H than in PV-H but in the presence of asparagine was similar in PP-H and PV-H. The results suggest that the capacity of malate-aspartate shuttle distributes heterogeneously along liver lobules with the dominance in periportal zone and that the difference of the capacity may result from the difference in the transport of aspartate across the mitochondrial membrane.
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PMID:The capacity of the malate-aspartate shuttle differs between periportal and perivenous hepatocytes from rats. 810 64

The acute administration of ethanol by gastric catheter significantly increases the plasma xanthine oxidase activity in both rats and hamsters without changing other enzyme activities--alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. The plasma xanthine oxidase level seems to be a sensitive marker of liver damage. Its higher activity due to the acute ethanol intoxication may have an impact on ethanol organ damage.
Alcohol Alcohol 1993 Nov
PMID:Plasma xanthine oxidase level and alcohol administration. 814 77

The aim of this study was to evaluate certain indicators which are an expression of hepatic (serum aminotransferases activities) and hematologic (erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume) changes among health care personnel exposed to inhalation anaesthetics (nitrous oxide and isoflurane). A total of 172 subjects employed in a single hospital were divided into four groups according to exposure and drinking habits: group (i) non drinkers and unexposed subjects, group (ii) drinkers and unexposed subjects, group (iii) non drinkers and exposed subjects, group (iv) drinkers and exposed subjects. No change in aminotransferases activity or in mean erythrocyte size was detected, which could be regarded as the result of anesthetics exposure. Increased aspartate aminotransferase values among unexposed drinkers were related to alcohol intake. This observation was confirmed by the relationship between AST behaviour and quantitative alcohol intake. Hence, when studying any effect involving functions related to the biotransformation of xenobiotics, in which the liver plays a primary role, the importance of establishing the exact daily amount of ethanol intake is stressed.
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PMID:Drinking habits and occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics at low doses. 817 31

The effects of sesamin, a potent inhibitor of delta 5-desaturase in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, on the fatty acid compositions of tissue lipids and liver functions were examined in rodents. When a mixture of sesamin and episesamin (51.1:48.2, w/w) was given to rats at a dietary level of 0.5% for 13 days, the proportions of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid significantly increased not only in the liver but also in plasma and hemocytes, suggesting an interference with delta 5-desaturation by these lignans. The sesamin preparation at the dietary level of 1% improved changes in various blood parameters of the mouse, such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride and total bilirubin, caused by continuous inhalation of ethanol. In addition, sesamin showed a significant protective effect against the accumulation of fat droplets and vacuolar degeneration in the mouse liver, as confirmed on histological examination. Sesamin, at the level of 100 mg/kg body weight, also tended to prevent liver lipid accumulation by carbon tetrachloride in mice. These results indicate that sesamin and a related lignan compound have an ability to improve liver function.
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PMID:Protective effects of sesamin against liver damage caused by alcohol or carbon tetrachloride in rodents. 821 39


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