Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In experiments with albino rats it was found that after administration of phytobacteriomycin, trichotecin, hygromycin B or levoristatin into the stomach in doses of 1/20 of LD50 activity of the microsomal enzymes of the liver cells significantly changed and the changes persisted within at least 2 weeks. The above antibiotics induced similar changes in the lysosome enzyme, i.e. acid phosphatase, providing an increase in its activity. Changes in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (mytochondria indicator enzyme), glucose-6-phosphatase (ribosome indicator enzyme) and aspartate aminotransferase (cytoplasm indicator enzyme) were different for each antibiotic. It is concluded that the above antibiotics were capable of impairing on intoxication the enzymatic function of various cell microstructures, though the levels of the change direction may be different.
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PMID:[Effect of phytobacteriomycin, trichotecin, hygromycin B and levoristatin on some rat liver enzymes]. 5 75

Previous studies showed that livers from carnivorous birds have a higher gluconeogenic capacity and higher levels of gluconeogenic enzymes than livers from granivorous birds. In this work we compare the effects of fasting and adrenalectomy on gluconeogenesis. Fasting in the chicken elicited increased rates of incorporation of 14C from alanine into blood glucose, increased gluconeogenesis in liver slices, and increased activities of four gluconeogenic enzymes: glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. These responses in the chicken resemble those observed in fasted rodents. In marked contrast, fasting in black vultures induced decreased rates of incorporation of alanine label into circulating glucose, decreased gluconeogenesis in liver slices, and no change in any of the four enzymes studied. This unusual response to fasting in the carnivorous bird is probably related to the high-protein-low-carbohydrate content of the diet. Fasted adrenalectomized birds (granivorous and carnivorous) had reduced rates of in vivo glucose synthesis, decreased liver gluconeogenesis, and lower activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase, without change in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and alanine aminotransferase activities.
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PMID:Fasting, adrenalectomy, and gluconeogenesis in the chicken and a carnivorous bird. 20 1

Cortisol treatment of neonatal rats did not have permanent effects on the levels of 2-7 enzymes in heart, kidney, brain, and liver, even though some exhibited abnormally high concentrations during the first 1 or 2 weeks. An injection of cortisol at birth evoked premature rises of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P-ase) in kidney, of soluble and particulate aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) in kidney and heart and of soluble AAT in liver. These enzymes (with the exception of soluble AAT in the female) did not respond to cortisol in adult rats. The significance of the varying effects of cortisol is discussed in relation to previously studied developmental enzyme formations.
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PMID:Cortisol treatment of neonatal rats: effects on enzymes in kidney, liver and heart. 24 Apr 48

I. In three separate experiments, four groups of five to eight young male rats were fed either (i) a high-protein diet, for which the net dietary protein:total metabolizable energy ratio (NDp:E) was 0-1 (HP diet); or (ii) a low-protein diet, for which NDp:E was 0-04 (LP diet). In both these groups, food intake was ad lib. In group (iii) the HP diet was given in an amount approximately equal to that taken by the LP group fed ad lib. (HP-restricted). In group (iv) rats were fasted for 48 h after receiving the HP diet (HP-fasted). Each experiment lasted 4 weeks. 2. In the LP and HP-restricted groups, food intake was about 50% of that of the HP rats, while body-weight, after 4 weeks on diet was about 35% and 55% of that of HP rats, for LP and HP-restricted respectively. Both groups of malnourished rats gained some weight during the experiment. 3. Measurements of oral glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels were made in the fourth week. LP and HP-restricted rats both showed low fasting insulin levels and low insulin to glucose ratios during the glucose tolerance tests; the LP rats were more seriously affected. 4. At the end of the fourth week the rats were killed and blood, liver and gastrocnemius muscle were analysed. LP rats showed specifically and consistently low values for haemoglobin and plasma protein concentration, and low activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3-1-3-9) and of alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in liver and muscle. The activity of hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) was, if anything, increased. The plasma amino acid concentrations and ratios showed a specific fall in branched-chain amino acids. Liver fat concentration was consistently elevated. The HP-restricted rats had normal values for haemoglobin, plasma protein andliver fat, and near-normal values for plasma amino acids. Hepatic alanine aminotransferase showed increased activity compared with HP rats, but muscle alanine aminotransferase showed reduced activity. The HP-fasted rats had increased haemoglobin, plasma protein and liver fat concentration, and very low liver glycogen concentrations. Hepatic alanine aminotransferase activity was elevated. Plasma alanine concentration was specifically reduced. 5. The results are consistent with suppression of gluconeogenesis, liver dysfunction and essential amino acid deprivation in LP rats. These biochemical changes found in rats on a low intake of a diet of low protein and high carbohydrate value are similar to those found in kwashiorkor. An equally low intake of a diet of good protein value (HP-restricted) led to marginally better growth, accompanied by biochemical signs of increased gluconeogenesis, analogous to those reported for nutritional marasmus. This nutritional state was not biochemically identical with that of acute fasting. 6. The results are discussed in terms of the consistency of the rat model, and its contribution to understanding biochemical changes found in infant malnutrition.
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PMID:Biochemical characteristics of different forms of protein-energy malnutrition: an experimental model using young rats. 40 28

Twenty-four male (12 obese and 12 lean) and 21 female (11 obese and 10 lean) SHR/N-cp rats were fed a diet containing either 54% sucrose or starch for periods of 3-4 months. Rats were killed after a 14-16 h fast and liver enzyme activities were determined in both sex groups. Liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), malic enzyme (ME), phosphofructokinase (PFK), glucokinase (GK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (per total liver capacity) were significantly affected by phenotype (obese > lean). Arginase and ornithine transcarbamylase levels were analysed only in male rats and were found to be elevated in obese rats as compared to lean littermates. Some of the above changes in enzyme levels were exaggerated by sucrose feeding but not the changes in FBPase, PEPCK, ME and GK (in both sexes) plus AST, arginase and arginine synthase activities in male rats and ALT levels in female rats. Results from SHR/N-cp rats published in this paper were compared to results obtained from LA/N-cp rats published previously. Comparison of the non-diabetic obese LA/N-cp with the diabetic obese SHR/N-cp male shows a greater excess in lipogenic capacity of the liver in the LA/N-cp male rat. The SHR/N-cp obese female also shows a greater liver lipogenic capacity as compared with the obese male SHR/N-cp rat. The results suggest that an adaptation of excessive lipogenesis in the liver of obese rats may be an anti-diabetogenic adaptation resulting in increased glucose conversion to lipids, thus reducing blood glucose levels.
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PMID:Adaptation in enzyme (metabolic) pathways to obesity, carbohydrate diet and to the occurrence of NIDDM in male and female SHR/N-cp rats. 133 Sep 56

Coccinia indica (Family: Cucurbitaceae, locally known as telakucha) leaves were extracted with 95% ethanol. Following evaporation of the solvents, the residue was suspended in distilled water. When this suspension was fed orally to male normal-fed and 48-hr starved rats, the blood glucose was lowered 21% (P less than 0.01) in normal-fed and 24% (P less than 0.001) in 48-hr starved animals respectively. Starvation had induced a 3-fold increase in the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase and this activity was depressed 19% (P less than 0.05) by extract feeding while basal activity of the enzyme in normal-fed rats remained unaffected. Consistent with the depression of glucose-6-phosphatase, urea cycle enzyme arginase was also depressed 21% (P less than 0.001) and 12% (P less than 0.01) in the liver of 48 hr-starved and normal-fed animals respectively. Unlike glucose-6-phosphatase, starvation induced levels of gluconeogenic enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were not affected by Coccinia extract. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of C. indica is partly due to the repression of the key gluconeogenic enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase.
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PMID:Hypoglycemic effects of Coccinia indica: inhibition of key gluconeogenic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase. 133 43

Dietary hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and gamma-isomer of HCH produced significant increase in liver weights of mice. Elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and of alkaline phosphatase in the blood of these animals suggested hepatotoxicity. Hepatic soluble enzymes--aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase--were markedly lowered. Among the hepatic lysosomal enzymes, acid phosphatase and acid cathepsin were increased in the experimental animals. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase was lowered by HCH while aldolase activity was increased. Hydrolytic enzymes in small intestine, viz., disaccharidases, lipase, amylase, dipeptidase and phosphatases, were also affected by dietary HCH and gamma-HCH. The results suggested cellular toxicity in hepatocytes of HCH and gamma-HCH fed animals, and also interference in gastrointestinal absorption.
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PMID:Biochemical toxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane and its gamma-isomer in albino mice. 248 47

A human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (FOCUS--Friendship of China and United States) was derived from a patient with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. This cell line has been in continuous culture over an 18-mo period. The morphological and ultrastructural features of FOCUS are consistent with its neoplastic hepatocellular origin. FOCUS cells contain aspartate aminotransferase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, alpha 1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, alpha fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigens were detectable in the cytoplasm of the cultured cells by immunochemical staining techniques. The karyotype of the FOCUS cell is human in origin and its contains human DNA sequences as detected by molecular hybridization analysis. The FOCUS cells do not show evidence of density-dependent inhibition of growth under confluent conditions. Repeated growth curves over an 18-mo period were identical, revealing a doubling time of 42 to 48 h. The malignant potential of FOCUS cells was further demonstrated by their ability to lead to gross tumor formation after subcutaneous injection into nude mice. From one of the solid tumors grown in nude mice, recultured cell lines have been established and found to have properties identical to the original FOCUS cell line. This FOCUS cell line represents an additional model for further investigation of tumor specific antigens and the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma. Preliminary molecular characterization has indicated the existence of integrated HBV sequences within the FOCUS genome.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a new human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. 608 98

The effects of 1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl) upon glucose production from several precursors (lactate, glycerol, alanine, fructose and pyruvate) and on activities of gluconeogenic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase) in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. The results show that carbaryl inhibits lactate-gluconeogenesis at all concentrations of substrate studied. Gluconeogenesis from 10 mM fructose or 10 mM pyruvate or 10 mM alanine is also inhibited by carbaryl 1 mM. However, glycerol-gluconeogenesis is unaffected. Concentrations of carbaryl at 0.01 and 0.1 mM did not significantly modify lactic dehydrogenase activity, but at 1.0 mM this activity was reduced by 38% in relation to the dimethylsulphoxide-treated group. The synthetic activity of glucose-6-phosphatase is enhanced by carbaryl, but the increase is only significant for 1 mM carbaryl. In the study of aspartate aminotransferase activities two fractions, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial, are differentiated; and, it is observed that both fractions are inhibited by 0.1 and 1.0 mM carbaryl. The results indicate that carbaryl produces major decreases of the glucose production by hepatic cells, and suggest that the carbaryl-induced hyperglycemia in the fasted animal would be due to deficiencies in the peripheral utilization of the glucose.
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PMID:The interaction of carbaryl with the metabolism of isolated hepatocytes: II. Effect on gluconeogenesis. 609 5

After the 18.5-day flight on board the biosatellite Cosmos-936, the activity of 6 glucocorticoid-activated enzymes in the rat liver was investigated. It was found that at R+O activities of tyrosine aminotransferase and tryptophane pyrrolase, as well as fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased. The two former enzymes react rapidly (within several hours) to an increase in the glucocorticoid level, whereas those latter react only to a continuous prolonged effect of glucocorticoids. These increases were paralleled by a growth in the glycogen concentration in the liver. The findings indicate that during the flight the rats underwent a chronic stress induced by weightlessness.
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PMID:[Activity of various liver enzymes in rats following a flight aboard the Cosmos-936 biosatellite]. 612 Oct 82


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