Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3-year-old mare repeatedly had clinical signs of rhabdomyolysis on mild exertion. Serum creatine kinase and aspartate transaminase activities were high at rest. Responses to dietary sodium bicarbonate were tested through 7 alternating periods of supplementation of a basal ration of timothy hay and oats. Physical signs; venous blood pH and gases; blood glucose and lactate; serum electrolytes, enzymes, and creatinine; and urine pH were monitored before and after exercise. Dietary sodium bicarbonate raised resting venous blood pH and bicarbonate slightly and significantly increased urine pH from pH 7.46 to 8.2 (P less than 0.001). An exercise test included 5 minutes at the walk followed by 20 minutes at the trot. The exercise induced gait stiffness, muscle fasciculations, and muscle induration when the diet was not supplemented, but not when it was supplemented with sodium bicarbonate. Myoglobin was present in 16 of 21 urine samples after exercise during nonsupplemented periods, but only in 3 of 28 urine samples during supplemented periods (P less than 0.0001). Bicarbonate supplementation significantly decreased the responses of blood lactic acid, serum creatine kinase, and aspartate transaminase to exercise. Supplementation of the diet was associated with higher venous blood pH and bicarbonate ion concentrations throughout exercise. Dietary sodium bicarbonate apparently mitigated or prevented physical, chemical, and enzymatic characteristics of exertional rhabdomyolysis in this mare, possibly through its enhancement of buffering capacity in muscle tissue fluids.
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PMID:Dietary sodium bicarbonate as a treatment for exertional rhabdomyolysis in a horse. 300 12

Cyclosporine blood levels were measured in 225 blood samples taken 14 days to 3 years after transplantation from 8 adult and 7 pediatric liver graft recipients. Results by high-performance liquid chromatography, radioimmunoassay with a polyclonal antibody (PARIA) or with a selective monoclonal antibody (MARIA) were compared in the context of major clinical events and alterations in serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, urea, and creatinine. Cyclosporine blood levels by MARIA were significantly higher than HPLC values, but only by mean values of 11 micrograms/L in adult and 20 micrograms/L in pediatric patients. These differences were unaffected by alterations in liver or renal function and seem unlikely to affect clinical management. Minimum PARIA:HPLC ratios of 2-4 were noted in patients with good graft function, with higher ratios (up to 18) associated with hepatic dysfunction. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that elevations in serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase significantly contributed toward the correlation with raised PARIA:HPLC ratios in adults and that gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and aspartate aminotransferase were additionally important in children. There was no significant contribution from either serum urea or creatinine levels to raised PARIA:HPLC ratios, but in children a positive correlation existed between these indicators of renal function and trough cyclosporine concentrations determined by selective methods (HPLC and MARIA).
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PMID:Cyclosporine blood levels--an evaluation of radioimmunoassay with selective monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies and high-performance liquid chromatography in liver transplant recipients. 305 89

Clinical and biochemical responses were studied after taking the measures to prevent nutrition muscular dystrophy in young cattle in the given ecological conditions. Analyzing the biological material (blood, hair, feed, soil), we found the sufficiently high saturation of heifer organisms with the microelement selenium and on the contrary, vitamin E deficiency. Sensitive indicators of the break-down of muscular tissue were the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and mainly creatinine kinase (CPK): the activities of these enzymes increased significantly after the heifers had been driven to pasture. The stay of animals in the run to get them used to the physical load before going to the pasture was not found to be a sufficient measure to prevent muscular nutrition myodystrophy if the animals had not been administered vitamin E and selenium supplements. Of the one hundred heifers we examined, seven animals began to show the signs of nutrition muscular dystrophy; none of these animals had been administered vitamin E and selenium supplements.
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PMID:[Clinical and biochemical response in the prevention of nutritional myodystrophy in heifers]. 310 11

Five children, ages 2.5 to 12 years (mean 6.2 years), with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were given 22 courses of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) therapy (6-8 g/m2/24 h). No serious clinical complications were encountered, but stomatitis occurred after three (14%) of the courses. First-phase elimination half-lives (t1/2(alpha)) of MTX and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX) after 21 infusions were 2.7 +/- 0.4 h and 6.5 +/- 1.8 h (mean +/- SD). In one course (4.5%) there was delayed systemic MTX elimination, with first-phase elimination half-lives (t1/2(alpha] for MTX and 7-OH-MTX of 4.2 and 9.9 h, respectively, and second-phase elimination half-lives (t1/2(beta)) of 43 and 58 h. Significant decreases in white blood cell count, increases in serum creatinine, and increases in alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase during the first 2-6 days were present in five (23%), three (14%), and six (27%) of the courses, respectively. The regimen was tolerated well by the children.
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PMID:High-dose methotrexate therapy (6-8 g/m2) in childhood malignancies: clinical tolerability and pharmacokinetics. 315 11

High doses of corticosteroids have been found to have beneficial effects in various shock states. It has been well recognized that ischaemia is one of the important features in shock states. This prompted us to investigate the effect of high-dose methylprednisolone on tourniquet-induced ischaemia using mongrel dogs. After inflation of tourniquets to 600 mmHg on each thigh of the hind legs, one leg received an intravenous infusion of methyl-prednisolone, 3 mg.kg-1 dissolved in 20 ml of autologous blood. The other leg received the same amount of blood only, as a control. During two hours of tourniquet time and until 30 min after tourniquet deflation, venous blood was sampled five times from both hind legs for measurements of blood gas tensions (PvO2, PvCO2) and pH, lactic acid, creatinine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). During tourniquet ischaemia, PvO2 and pH dropped and PvCO2, lactic acid, CK, AST and LDH rose steadily and significantly in both groups of legs, indicating respiratory and metabolic acidosis, and muscle cell damage. However, those changes were significantly smaller in the methylprednisolone-treated legs. The beneficial effect of methylprednisolone could be attributed to its vasodilatory effect, cellular membrane stabilization and direct metabolic effect on skeletal muscle cells. Although the tourniquet-induced ischaemia in our study is slightly different from the clinical paradigm, the results suggest that high-dose methylprednisolone may provide a beneficial effect during tourniquet ischaemia.
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PMID:Effect of high-dose of methylprednisolone on tourniquet ischaemia. 316 32

We evaluated bile acids for prediction of abnormal serum liver profile in a random sample of urine (URNBA). Seventy-four subjects with excessive alcohol intake, self-referred for outpatient detoxification, had no history or physical findings of liver disease. Surprisingly, in 49% (36/74) of alcoholics, two or more of these were elevated: serum bile acids, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and/or total bilirubin. All subjects were subdivided into 39 URNBA normal and 35 URNBA abnormal, using 2.6 mumol/g of creatinine as a dividing value. Serum tests confirmed the subgrouping made with URNBA. Compared with alanine aminotransferase, URNBA had better sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy predicting abnormal serum bile acids, AST, and alkaline phosphatase values. A predictive potential for a multivariate discriminant function of laboratory tests, known to best identify biopsy-documented mild liver disease, was only mildly inferior for URNBA when compared with AST. Multiple abnormalities of liver test results are unexpectedly frequent in asymptomatic alcoholics. The URNBA are helpful in the detection of liver abnormality in its clinically latent phase, because of the convenience of testing a spot sample of urine.
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PMID:Random urine bile acids in prediction of liver abnormality in asymptomatic alcoholics. 327 61

The use of cyclosporine long term after orthotopic liver transplantation has been analyzed in 73 adults with particular reference to the dose of drug used, either alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive agents, and the side effects observed. The first 22 patients were given cyclosporine 10 mg/kg/day for up to 2 years, but thereafter in these, and in all the other patients, the drug dose was regulated by whole blood trough levels. The proportion of patients maintained on cyclosporine alone increased from 11% at 3 months to 54.9% and 55.6% at 3 and 4 years, respectively. The dose of prednisolone used in combination with cyclosporine was lower than that used with azathioprine (P less than 0.05) up to 12 months after transplantation, but thereafter no significant difference was found. Acute cellular rejection was seen in 5 patients and in all instances was related to cessation of cyclosporine, while 10 patients developed chronic graft rejection manifested by the vanishing bile duct syndrome. At 12 months and onward, 54.5-73.3% of patients had normal serum bilirubin levels, and 47.6-80.0% had aspartate aminotransferase levels in the normal range. Cyclosporine was discontinued in 12 patients, in 8 cases because of impairment of renal function or hypertension. A trend toward rising serum creatinine levels was seen, and after 4 years on cyclosporine none of 12 patients had normal levels, and these exceeded 200 mumol/L in 5. The rise in creatinine levels was probably in part related to the higher doses used early in the study period. The incidence of hypertension progressively increased from 15.3% at 3 months to 63.6% at 4 years in patients maintained on cyclosporine.
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PMID:An analysis of cyclosporine efficacy and toxicity after liver transplantation. 327 83

Reference (normal) values for 12 blood serum components were determined for 48 Shorthorn cows (2-10 years old) and their 48 calves, 357 crossbred cows (12-14 years old), 36 feedlot bulls and 36 feedlot steers. In addition, hemoglobin, hematocrit, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and cortisol levels were determined for the crossbred cows, and feedlot bulls and steers. Reference values were tabulated according to sex, age and stage of lactation. Serum concentrations of urea, total protein and bilirubin, and serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase increased with age (P less than 0.05), while calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase decreased with age (P less than 0.05) from birth to the age of ten years. The Shorthorn cows had the highest levels of glucose at parturition (P less than 0.05) with decreasing levels during lactation. Creatinine concentration decreased during lactation and increased during postweaning. Both lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels increased (P less than 0.05) during lactation. Urea and uric acid were present at higher concentrations in lactating than nonlactating cows (P less than 0.05). The values reported, based on a wide age range and large number of cattle, could serve as clinical guides and a basis for further research.
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PMID:Reference values of blood parameters in beef cattle of different ages and stages of lactation. 334 6

The quality and reliability of four desk top analysers were evaluated. In the context of an outpatient clinic, intensive care unit, and a mock up of a physician's office. Seventeen nurses, 14 physicians, and 12 medical office personnel took part in the study. The instruments and tests evaluated were Reflotron (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyl transferase), Seralyzer (creatinine, glucose, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase), Vision (glucose, (creatinine, glucose, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase), Vision (glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides alkaline phosphatase, uric acid), and DT60 (sodium, potassium, glucose, amylase, uric acid and creatinine). Of the 320 tests performed on the Vision, only two differed by more than 10% between the specialist staff and other groups. For those performed on the Seralyzer, 95 of 254 results differed by more than 10%, 19 of 199 by more than 10% for the Reflotron, and 50 of 318 by more than 10% for the DT60. In general, the nurses were more adept at using the analysers than the physicians and medical office personnel.
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PMID:Comparison of hospital staff performance when using desk top analysers for "near patient" testing. 335 Sep 85

The authors evaluated the quality and reliability of four desktop analyzers in the outpatient clinic. Twenty-seven nontechnologists (NTs) participated in the study. These included nurses, physicians, and medical students. The instruments and tests evaluated were as follows: Reflotron (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase and urea); Seralyzer (creatinine, glucose, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin); Vision (glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, and uric acid); and DT60 (sodium, potassium, glucose, amylase, uric acid, bilirubin, and creatinine). For precision studies, low and high control material was used, and method comparison was done with methods in routine use in the laboratory. The range of coefficients of variation (CVs) for the analyzers with NTs was as follows: Reflotron: CV, 2.4-7.9%; Seralyzer CV, 1.4-18.7%; Vision: CV, 1.5-2.7%; DT60: CV, 2.5-46.8. The percentage results that is different by greater than 10% between the NTs and trained technologists was related to the complexicity of procedure for each analyzer and was the lowest for the Vision analyzer and greatest for the Seralyzer.
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PMID:Near-patient testing. Quality of laboratory test results obtained by non-technical personnel in a decentralized setting. 336 74


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