Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six 3-week-old genetically obese pigs were fed in two experiments to determine the serum chemistry profile during severe protein malnutrition and repletion. Severe protein deficiency was produced in pigs fed the high-fat, low-protein diet (growth failure, rough hair, low serum total protein and albumin). In Experiment 1, blood was sampled from the anterior vena cava of each pig five times during depletion and three times during repletion to determine serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, Ca, inorganic P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, total bilirubin, urea N, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. In Experiment 2, blood was sampled weekly for 8 weeks for serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, glucose, Ca, P, Mg and alkaline phosphatase. HDL-cholesterol was increased (P less than 0.01) and albumin was decreased (P less than 0.01) in protein-deficient pigs in both experiments. Creatinine, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated in protein-deficient pigs compared with controls after 7 weeks of depletion. Inorganic P (P less than 0.01), Ca (P less than 0.01), and Mg (P less than 0.05) concentrations were depressed in protein-depleted pigs compared with controls in both experiments. After 8 weeks of repletion in Experiment 1, all elements except inorganic P were similar in the two groups. Short-term, severe, protein malnutrition affected lipid, electrolyte, and structural mineral metabolism and indices of liver function in the absence of parasites, diarrhea, and infection. The effects were reversed after 8 weeks of repletion. We conclude that the elevated serum cholesterol in protein deficiency is related primarily to an increase in the HDL fraction.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1992 Sep
PMID:Response of blood serum constituents to production of and recovery from a kwashiorkor-like syndrome in the young pig. 135 73

The impact of dengue on liver function was studied by biochemical tests on 125 male and 145 female patients diagnosed with this disease during an outbreak that extended from November 1987 to December 1988. Abnormal levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (G-GT) were observed in 93.3%, 82.2%, 7.2%, 16.3% and 83.0% of the patients, respectively. The elevation of transaminases was mild to moderate in most cases, but was 10-fold greater than the normal upper limit for AST and ALT in 11.1% and 7.4% of the patients, respectively. Initially, the level of AST was greater than that of ALT, increasing to maximum levels nine days after the onset of symptoms, then decreasing to normal levels within two weeks. Results of the biochemical tests did not differ significantly between the cases with and without hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection, but significantly higher elevations of AST, ALT, and G-GT were observed in patients with episodes of bleeding. Liver biopsies of two patients showed features of lobular hepatitis. Of the five fatal cases, three died of hepatic failure. It is concluded that dengue fever may cause hepatic injury and transaminase elevation similar to that in patients with conventional viral hepatitis. In epidemic or endemic areas, dengue fever infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992 Sep
PMID:Liver biochemical tests and dengue fever. 135 50

On expression of the cDNA encoding the precursor of chicken mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (pmAspAT) in Escherichia coli, the bulk of pmAspAT was found to be associated with the 70-kDa heat-shock protein DnaK which is closely related to mitochondrial 70-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70). Purification protocols for the DnaK/pmAspAT complex and its individual components were elaborated. The complex dissociated on treatment with MgATP or at pH 5.5. Like the mature enzyme, pmAspAT is a dimer (2 x 47 kDa) and exhibits about a third of its enzyme activity. In the DnaK/pmAspAT complex, one DnaK molecule is bound to each subunit of pmAspAT; this tetramer may further aggregate to an octamer. The complex is catalytically almost as active as free pmAspAT. It could be reconstituted from isolated DnaK and pmAspAT. No complex was formed with mAspAT. Apparently, DnaK binds to the solvent-exposed presequence of folded pmAspAT without significantly changing the structure and functional properties of its mature moiety.
Eur J Biochem 1992 Sep 15
PMID:Precursor of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase synthesized in Escherichia coli is complexed with heat-shock protein DnaK. 139 76

This study was designed to clarify the effects of changes in liver tissue glutathione (GSH) concentration on postischemic liver injury together with the effects of gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester (GCE), a prodrug of GSH, and GSH. Rats were pretreated with GSH (50 mg/kg, i.v.), or GCE (50 mg/kg, i.v.), or untreated. In each rat, liver was isolated, and liver mitochondria were prepared after 2 h of ischemia or 1 h of reperfusion following 2 h of ischemia. Mitochondrial function was measured polarographically. Liver adenine nucleotide concentrations were also determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Liver tissue GSH, an oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) concentrations, and activities of GSH peroxidase and GSSG reductase were determined enzymatically. Liver hypoxanthine and xanthine concentrations were determined by HPLC. Liver tissue concentration of lipid peroxide was measured. Leakages of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and adenine nucleotides into the hepatic vein after reperfusion were also measured. Administration of GCE improved the recovery of mitochondrial function and maintained tissue GSH concentration concomitantly. Increases in liver lipid peroxide concentration after reperfusion, and leakage of liver cell enzymes and adenine nucleotides were mitigated by administration of GCE. Administration of GSH itself failed to maintain tissue GSH concentration and had no protective effects. From these results, it is concluded that in the postischemic process, free radical formation might be enhanced, and the radical scavenging system deteriorated. To enhance the radical scavenging system is a possible maneuver to prevent radical-related cell damage associated with reperfusion, because pharmacological reduction of breakdown of ATP to hypoxanthine and xanthine seems to be difficult. GCE maintained liver GSH concentrations and mitigated postischemic liver injury, concomitantly. Clinical use of GCE might be recommended.
Transplantation 1992 Sep
PMID:The effects of gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester, a prodrug of glutathione, on ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury in rats. 833 63

The historical and clinical features and the haematological and biochemical changes in 126 cats with hyperthyroidism are described; 125 of the cats were domestic short- or longhaired, and one was a chinchilla. There were 62 males and 64 females with a mean age of 13.0 years. The duration of signs ranged from two days to two years with a mean of 5.4 months. The historical and clinical features were weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria/polydipsia, tachycardia, hyperactivity, diarrhoea, respiratory abnormalities, other cardiac abnormalities, skin lesions, vomiting, moderately raised temperature, decreased activity, decreased appetite, congestive cardiac failure, haematuria and intermittently decreased appetite. Goitre was palpable in 123 cats. The serum total thyroxine concentrations of the cats were more than three standard deviations above the mean of the reference range. Serum total tri-iodothyronine concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 14.96 nmol/litre and were within the reference range in 11 of the cats. Mild hyperthyroidism was a much commoner cause of high normal or marginally above normal thyroid hormone concentrations than severe, concurrent, non-thyroidal illness. Other common biochemical changes were increased of serum alanine aminotransferase, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. There were minimal changes in the red cell parameters. Leucocyte changes showed two trends: a mature neutrophilia, either with or without an accompanying leucocytosis often in association with a lymphopenia, or an eosinophilia, either with or without a lymphocytosis.
Vet Rec 1992 Sep 19
PMID:Historical, clinical and laboratory features of 126 hyperthyroid cats. 141 11

It has been independently postulated that nutritional status is a modulator of the hepatic injury response to hypoxia and that glucose may be a poor substrate for hepatocellular metabolism. This study provides data linking these two concepts within the framework of metabolic zonation of the liver. With the use of a hypoxically perfused isolated rat liver model, cellular injury, as reflected by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) release, was significantly greater in the liver of fasted (mean AST 489 U/g liver at 3 h) than fed (40 U/g) animals. The extent of injury during hypoxia was decreased to a comparable degree in fasted livers perfused with Wisconsin solution (27 U/g) or 20 mM fructose (51 U/g). Perfusion with (11.5 mM) glucose plus insulin provided no hepatoprotection (791 U/g); however, supraphysiological amounts of glucose (100 mM) with (310 U/g) or without (321 U/g) insulin (10 U) or dihydroxyacetone (220 U/g) provided a modest reduction in AST release. Cellular injury measured by trypan blue uptake showed a marked zonal pattern, with upstream regions incurring greater parenchymal and nonparenchymal injury than downstream areas. These data that indicate that exogenous glucose is poorly utilized as an energy substrate by the liver during hypoxia are consistent with data from the fasted-refed rat model, suggesting a "glucose paradox" in the liver. The findings also suggest that low levels of oxygen are an important factor mediating "hypoxic" liver injury.
Am J Physiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Hypoxic liver injury and the ameliorating effects of fructose: the "glucose paradox" revisited. 141 41

Recent animal studies suggest that nutritional repletion may improve function of liver allografts, and the authors have found that intraportal glucose infusion in pigs produces rapid and substantial hepatic glycogenation. A controlled prospective randomized study in 32 patients was done to determine glycogen content and degradation in human livers during transplantation, and the effect of intraportal glucose-insulin infusions during the donor operation on these variables and on outcome of transplantation. Peripheral blood glucose concentrations were "clamped" at 14 mmol/L during the glucose-insulin infusion. Liver biopsies were taken at various stages of the procedure. Liver glycogen decreased 2.0 +/- 1.2 g/100 g dry weight liver (mean +/- standard error of the mean) in controls, but increased 6.8 +/- 1.8 g/100 g dry weight in glucose-infused donors. In both groups there was glycogen degradation during periods of cold preservation, anoxic rewarming, and after reperfusion with portal blood. Degradation rates were greater in the glucose-infused group than in controls in all three periods (p less than 0.05). Despite wide variation in postoperative aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels among recipients in both groups, the difference in peak postoperative AST levels approached significance (p = 0.06). In addition, peak AST levels were closely correlated to anoxic rewarming time in both groups, but the slope of the relationship was much lower (3834 versus 734, p less than 0.01) in the glucose-infused group. Thus at anoxic rewarming times over 90 minutes, glycogenation was protective of liver function. Peak postoperative AST was significantly correlated to glycogen degradation in the cold preservation and rewarming periods in the glucose-infused group only. Intraoperative glucose infusions in humans can reglycogenate the liver, increase glycogen degradation, and improve certain outcome measures in liver transplantation.
Ann Surg 1992 Sep
PMID:Effect of intraportal glucose infusion on hepatic glycogen content and degradation, and outcome of liver transplantation. 141 73

A Theileria sergenti soluble merozoite preparation containing the 29, 34, 35 and 105 KD as the immunodominant polypeptides, was evaluated for efficacy, safety and protectivity in Holstein calves against virulent field tick challenge. The soluble antigens (100 mg/dose) were fortified with either complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Twenty naive calves, aged one month, were subcutaneously inoculated with the preparation and a booster dose was administered 4 weeks later. Twenty additional calves served as controls. Five weeks after the booster dose, vaccinates and uninoculated controls were moved to a pasture, a heavily tick infested area in Cheju-do, Korea. The vaccinates showed negligible change in hematocrit and total RBC count whereas control animals showed significant (p < 0.05) hematological changes and associated anemia. Only 30% of vaccinates required chemotherapy after the experiment was terminated. All control animals required chemotherapy and 25% received blood transfusion. The highest percent parasitized erythrocytes in vaccinated cattle was 0.4% as compared with 3.6% among controls during the month of July. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the rate of body weight increase. Significant differences were also noted in serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and bilirubin. Significantly more vaccinated cattle maintained normal ranges of hematological and biochemical values as compared with the control group. It is suggested that soluble merozoite T. sergenti antigens may be potential vaccine candidates for developing a genetic vaccine in Korea.
Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 1992 Sep
PMID:Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of solubilized merozoite-enriched Theileria sergenti immunogens. II: Protection against natural exposure under field conditions. 142 33

Activities of arginase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in sera obtained in a group of healthy women, women with verified carcinoma of the breast, benign mastopathy, a group of patients with carcinoma of various organs and a group of patients with acute viral hepatitis. Preoperative values of serum arginase activity in patients with breast carcinoma were up to 4-fold those found in healthy women. Sensitivity of the test was 86%. After the surgery, the activity decreased abruptly during the first week and normalised within 15-30 days. In benign diseases of the breast, the activity of arginase was normal. Serum arginase activity is raised in both benign and malignant liver diseases, however, the quotients alanine aminotransferase/arginase, aspartate aminotransferase/arginase and alkaline phosphatase/arginase differ significantly. Thus, use of alanine aminotransferase/arginase quotient implies a high degree of confidence in differentiating between increased arginase activity in mammary carcinoma (alanine aminotransferase/arginase = 0.572 +/- 0.278) and high arginase activity in hepatitis (alanine aminotransferase/arginase = 12.226 +/- 1.822).
Clin Chim Acta 1992 Sep 15
PMID:Arginase, a new marker of mammary carcinoma. 142 58

The activities of malate-aspartate shuttle enzymes were measured in the liver and kidney of 15-, 30-, and 60-day old mice. The results indicate that the activities (U/mg protein) of both isoenzymes (cytosolic and mitochondrial) of both malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase are significantly higher in the liver of 15-day old mice than in the liver of 30- and 60-day old animals. However, the shuttle enzymes showed a peak value in the kidney of 30-day old mice. In vitro reconstitution of malate-aspartate shuttle showed a similar pattern of activity in the tissues studied. These findings suggest that the activity of malate-aspartate shuttle is expressed differentially in these tissues of mice at different postnatal ages.
Biochem Int 1992 Sep
PMID:Age-specific development of malate-aspartate shuttle in the liver and kidney of mice. 144 74


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