Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of fatty infiltration on liver function was studied in 29 dairy cows aged 6 +/- 0.4 (SEM) years with primary acetonaemia, secondary acetonaemia or the fat cow syndrome. The average interval from calving at diagnosis was 16.4 +/- 2.0 days and the animals had been anorexic for a mean of 5.6 +/- 0.8 days. Fatty infiltration of the liver occurred well before calving and was associated with severe clinical illness and intercurrent infections. The percentage of fatty infiltration in the liver (mean 53.1 +/- 2.8 per cent) was significantly correlated with both the degree of clinical illness (P less than 0.001) and the period of anorexia (P less than 0.05). Alterations in uptake, conjugation and excretion at the hepatocyte level were determined by measuring bromsulphthalein clearance, and plasma total bilirubin and total bile acid concentrations. Values for all three were positively correlated with the extent of fatty infiltration. Plasma albumin, urea and glucose concentrations were reliable indicators of the liver's synthetic function and together with plasma aspartate aminotransferase, iditol and glutamate dehydrogenase were correlated with the degree of hepatic lipidosis.
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PMID:Effect on liver function of acetonaemia and the fat cow syndrome in cattle. 233 29

Hepatic dysfunction was observed in 34 patients with nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis. The serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase were markedly elevated in all patients. The peak values occurred within 72 h of hospitalization. There was no significant difference among patients with (9,044 +/- 1,154 U/l) and without acute renal failure (ARF; 9,125 +/- 3,067 U/l). Similarly, marked elevation in both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed within 72 h after admission to the hospital. They were significantly higher in patients with ARF (ALT: 4,718 +/- 785 vs. 2,496 +/- 927 U/l, p less than 0.01; AST: 3,635 +/- 820 vs. 1,352 +/- 624 U/l, p less than 0.01). Hyperbilirubinemia was noted in 13 of 22 (60%) patients with ARF and in 5 of the 12 (41%) of those without ARF. Serum levels of bilirubin ranged from 2.6 to 14.3 mg/dl. Prothrombin time was prolonged in 4 of 12 (33%) without ARF and in 14 of 22 (63%) of patients with ARF. This abnormality lasted from 1 to 13 days. The magnitude and duration of hyperbilirubinemia and abnormal prothrombin time were similar in patients with and without ARF. Hepatic dysfunction appears to occur in about 25% of patients with rhabdomyolysis. The pathogenesis of these abnormalities is not well defined and may be multifactorial. Hyperpyrexia, hypotension and proteases released from injured muscle may each or all be contributory. These hepatic derangements are reversible.
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PMID:Reversible hepatic dysfunction associated with rhabdomyolysis. 234 80

Cyclosporine metabolites (CM) were compared with cyclosporine for their in vitro and in vivo immunosuppressive, nephrotoxic, and hepatotoxic effects using (A) in vitro mixed lymphocyte induction of monocyte/macrophage procoagulant activity (PCA), an accurate marker of allograft rejection; (B) in vitro toxic effects on renal cells in culture; and (C) a unidirectional rejection model of rat small intestinal transplantation (SIT). CM were composed of OL1, OL17, OL18, and two additional peaks C and H, (peak C: mass = 1235, 15.3% of total CM, peak H: mass = 1205, 6.3% of total CM). In vitro, CM fully suppressed the one-way mixed lymphocyte culture-induced PCA from 52.5 +/- 8.2 mU/10(6) PBM to the basal level 22.3 +/- 6.6 mU/10(6) PBM (P less than 0.01), which was comparable to CsA (21.3 +/- 5.5 mU/10(6) PBM). Lewis rats that had received Lewis-Brown Norway F1 hybrid intestinal allografts when treated with CM, demonstrated near-normal histology with minimal signs of rejection as compared with the fulminant clinical and histological rejection observed in the control (untreated and Cremaphor/NaCl treated) animals. PCA was markedly elevated in the control animals, 278 +/- 172 (untreated) and 160 +/- 98 mU/10(6) PBM (Cremaphor/normal saline treated), whereas CsA-treated allogeneic transplants expressed only basal levels of PCA (14.0 +/- 4 mU/10(6) PBM) (P less than 0.01), associated with normal histology. CM-treated animals expressed PCA levels of 27.0 +/- 10 mU/10(6) PBM, which was significantly different from both control and CsA-treated animals (P less than 0.01). In contrast to CsA-treated animals, CM-treated allogeneic transplants demonstrated no apparent renal or hepatic toxicity, as measured by blood urea nitrogen (25.3 +/- 9.5 vs. 10.0 +/- 5.3 mg/dl), alkaline phosphatase (160.7 +/- 29.3 vs. 100.3 +/- 19.5 U/L), and aspartate transaminase (96.7 +/- 23.7 vs. 61.7 +/- 11.7 U/L) (P less than 0.01). Similarly, in contrast to CsA, CM had minimal or no toxicity in renal epithelial and mesangial cells in culture, as measured by minimal or no inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. These results suggest that CM have potent immunosuppressive properties with no apparent nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:The effects of cyclosporine and cyclosporine metabolites in experimental small intestinal transplantation. 236 Feb 47

A historical cohort was used to assess the ability of clinical features and laboratory values recorded at the time of initial diagnostic investigations to predict nondiagnostic hospital admissions in the first 3 months following the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Data were abstracted from the medical records of 225 eligible patients at primary and secondary care level whose disease was diagnosed between 1977 and 1985. The total study group was randomly divided into two groups (group 1, n = 112; group 2, n = 113). Discriminant analysis was performed on data of patients in group 1. The resulting predictive model was then cross-validated on data of patients in group 2. The variables entered into the predictive model were identified using bivariate analysis. Results show that presence of abdominal mass, body temperature, absolute basophil and lymphocyte counts, aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen serum levels, and place of residence (urban, rural, or out of province) were the most useful variables for predicting hospitalization in the first 3 months (P for model = 0.0010; accuracy = 88%). Cross-validation on group 2 showed an accuracy of 80%, a positive predictive value of 62%, and a negative predictive value of 84%. This predictive model could be useful for counseling purposes on the primary or secondary care levels.
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PMID:Predictors of hospitalization early in the course of Crohn's disease. A pilot study. 236 89

Blood plasma uric acid and urea content and aspartate aminotransferase activity were studied in 177 patients with ischemic heart disease and essential hypertension. It was established that the blood uric acid level did not depend essentially on the transamination processes in patients with ischemic heart disease but was closely connected with transamination processes and amino acid metabolism in patients with essential hypertension.
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PMID:[The relation of uric acid metabolism to transferase activity in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension]. 239 37

As part of an evaluation of a Synchron CX5 analyser (Beckman Instruments Inc, Brea, USA) we examined a range of tests for interference from haemolysis, bilirubin and lipaemia. Tests investigated were urea, creatinine, urate, total protein, albumin, calcium, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and inorganic phosphate. Two types of interferences were found. One type is found on other analysers and represents analytical difficulties with the measurement of that particular analyte. The other type of interference was a consequence of the bichromatic optical system used on the CX-5. This latter group includes haemoglobin interference in the measurement of total protein and inorganic phosphate, and bilirubin interference with the measurement of total protein, glucose and inorganic phosphate. Lipaemia interfered with total protein, total bilirubin, inorganic phosphate, urate and glucose. Alternative and modified methods are proposed to improve the measurement of total protein, glucose, total bilirubin and inorganic phosphate. The use of the modified methods for glucose, inorganic phosphate and total bilirubin are limited, at this time, by an error in the calculation algorithm used by the analyser for two step or triggered chemistries, and to a lesser extent, by a reduction in sample throughput.
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PMID:Interference by haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia in assays on the Beckman Synchron CX5 and methods for correction. 240 33

Withholding iron dextran treatment normally given to pigs at 1-3 days of age to prevent anemia resulted also in neutropenia. Polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at 0.5 mg/kg IV at 25 days of age resulted in induction of putative interferon 2 to 24 hours later, with significantly (P less than 0.05) lower concentrations in iron-deficient (Fe-) female pigs than in iron-supplemented (Fe+) female pigs. Poly I:C caused several transient toxic manifestations, including elevations in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, potassium (K), total bilirubin and phosphorus (P), marked leukopenia (both neutropenia and lymphopenia), and declines in serum albumin, calcium, cholesterol, glucose and globulin. Certain blood chemistries before poly I:C were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) different: albumin, globulin, cholesterol and K were higher in females than in males; albumin, globulin, glucose, P and K were higher in Fe- than in Fe+ pigs; and total carbon dioxide was higher in Fe+ than in Fe- pigs.
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PMID:Effects of poly I:C in porcine iron deficient neutropenia. 241 Jan 86

It was shown in Wistar male rats that the development of tourniquet shock was followed by an increase of proteolytic activity in the blood by 3 times, activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 3 times, that of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 6 times, contents of urea and residual nitrogen by 2.5-3 times; level of alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) decreased by 4 times and that of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2MG) by 2.5 times. At administration of contrykal (10,000 U/kg) proteolytic activity increased only by 32.5%, content of alpha 1-PI decreased only by 10-20% and level of alpha 2-MG did not differ from that in healthy animals. Activity of AST and ALT remained high, and contents of urea and residual nitrogen were near-normal.
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PMID:[Effect of kontrikal on the dynamics of proteolytic system indices in postischemic toxemia]. 243 73

Thirteen biochemical parameters and five enzymatic activities were determined on sera of 63 normal human fetuses sampled by direct puncture under ultrasound guidance, between the 20th and the 26th wk of gestation, and on their mothers. They were referred to us for various prenatal diagnoses but were well and confirmed healthy at birth. Some parameters were found to be very similar in both groups, mainly creatinine, calcium, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Some values were significantly higher in the fetuses, such as total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, phosphorus, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and alpha-fetoprotein. Urea, uric acid, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin levels were found to be lower in fetuses. These data indicate a slower metabolism in fetuses compared to their mothers, a lower level of energy requirement, and a relative liver immaturity. These normal values of fetal biochemistry will improve our knowledge of physiology and help to determine the specific values of a test in fetal pathology.
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PMID:Blood chemistry of normal human fetuses at midtrimester of pregnancy. 243 76

The toxicity of L-canavanine was investigated because of its demonstrated potential as an antitumor drug. This natural product was only slightly toxic to Sprague-Dawley rats following a single sc injection: the LD50 was 5.9 +/- 1 8 g/kg in adult rats and 5.0 +/- 1.0 g/kg in 10-day-old rats. Following a single dose of 2.0 g/kg, the systemic clearance value for canavanine in adult rats was 0.114 liter/hr, the volume of distribution at steady state was 0.154 liter, and the half-life was 1.56 hr. Forty-eight percent of the dose was excreted unaltered in the urine following an iv injection, and 16% of a sc dose was recovered in the urine. Bioavailability of a 2.0 g/kg sc dose was 72%. Single oral doses of canavanine were less toxic to adult rats than sc injections. Bioavailability of a 2.0 g/kg po dose was 43%, and only 1% of the administered canavanine was recovered in the urine. Twenty-one percent of the administered canavanine remained in the gastrointestinal tract 24 hr after an oral dose. Less than 1% of a 2.0 g/kg dose of L-[guanidinooxy-14C]canavanine was incorporated into the proteins of adult and neonatal rats 4 or 24 hr following administration. Repeated sc administration of canavanine resulted in more severe toxicity. Weight loss and alopecia were observed in rats given daily sc canavanine injections for 7 days. Food intake was decreased by 80% in adult rats subjected to this dosing regimen, but returned to normal after canavanine injections were terminated. Histological studies of tissues from adult rats treated with 3.0 g/kg canavanine daily for 6 days revealed pancreatic acinar cell atrophy and fibrosis. Serum amylase and lipase levels were elevated following one sc injection of 2.0 g/kg canavanine; after three daily injections both serum enzymes were depleted. Elevations in serum glucose and urea nitrogen, and depletion of cholesterol, were observed. The most significant changes were severe attenuations of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity.
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PMID:Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of the nonprotein amino acid L-canavanine in the rat. 244 82


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