Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ceforanide, a new cephalosporin antibiotic with a long half-life (3 h), can be administered twice daily. We evaluated its antimicrobial activity, pharmacology, and clinical efficacy. Twenty-seven patients with infections due to susceptible organisms received ceforanide, 0.5, 1, or 2 g, intramuscularly or intravenously every 12 h for 6 to 28 days. In vitro studies with the clinical isolates from 27 patients treated plus 263 additional isolates showed that ceforanide was active against cephalothin-susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. In addition, ceforanide inhibited 65% of cephalothin-resistant Escherichia coli and 65% of Enterobacter spp. at </=12.5 mug/ml. After a single 1-g intramuscular dose, the mean peak plasma concentration at 1 h was 48.9 mug/ml and that at 12 h was 4.7 mug/ml. Plasma accumulation occurred in some patients. The infections included 10 pneumonias, 3 with bacteremia and 1 with empyema; 11 soft tissue infections, 4 with abscesses and 3 with sepsis; and 3 urinary tract infections. One case each of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and septic thrombophlebitis, all due to Staphylococcus aureus, were treated. Clinical response was satisfactory in all patients; bacteriological response was satisfactory in 26 of 27 patients. Ceforanide was well tolerated. Three patients developed mild increases in liver enzymes, and one developed slight eosinophilia. In another case, the antibiotic was discontinued because of a fivefold rise in serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) and a twofold rise in lactic acid dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase.
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PMID:Ceforanide: in vitro and clinical evaluation. 50 95

We describe a mechanized method for centrifugal analyzer determination of sorbitol dehydrogenase in serum, based on conversion of D-fructose to sorbitol with simultaneous oxidation of NADH, in triethanolamine buffer at pH 7.4 and 30 degrees C. The standard curve for this assay is linear to 200 U of activity per liter of serum. The mean within-run precision (CV) of the assay is 0.8%. Results correlate well with those by a spectrophotometric method. In sera from 20 apparently healthy adult humans, sorbitol dehydrogenase activity averaged 1.7 (SD +/- 0.8; range, 1-3) U/L. The mean activity (U/L) for a group of 30 rats was 4.4 (SD, +/- 0.2; range, 3-6); for 20 dogs, 5.8 (SD, +/- 0.7; range 3-9); and for 30 mice, 26.8 (SD +/- 2.1; range, 22-34). To determine the utility of measuring this enzyme in the serum of rats for assessment of hepatotoxicity in drug-safety studies, we compared sorbitol dehydrogenase activity with that of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotranferase in the sera of rats treated with thioacetamide or in which the common bile duct has been ligated.
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PMID:Kinetic determination of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity with a centrifugal analyzer. 50

The methodology of a large prospective study on the influence of repeated anaesthetics on liver function is reported and the problems involved are discussed. The most suitable patients were those presenting for endoscopic examination of the bladder and urethra, for urethral dilatation and for cervical implantation of radium. Blood samples were taken immediately before induction of anaesthesia and on days 3-4 and 13-15 after operation, when a clinical assessment of the patient was also carried out. The concentrations of six enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, serum cholinesterase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) werechosen specifically as indices of liver function. The eosinophil count was measured to reflect any hypersensitivity reaction. The non-Gaussian distribution of these necessitated using appropriate non-parametric tests together with parametric tests on logarithmic transformed data. In addition a quantal method was used to measure the frequency of patients showing an "abnormal" increase in enzyme concentrations.
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PMID:Methodology of a prospective study of changes in liver enzyme concentrations following repeat anaesthetics. 52 78

Eighty-eight patients with a non-alcoholic and 105 patients with an alcoholic liver disease were warned against alcohol consumption. On three consecutive ambulatory visits, serum ethanol was measured and compared with patients' admission of alcohol intake. None in the non-alcoholic group had a positive serum ethanol test, whereas 60 samples from 40 patients with alcoholic liver disease were positive. The serum ethanol values were higher in women than in men. Continuation of drinking was unrelated to sex, age, or type of alcoholic liver disease. Twenty-seven of the 40 patients with ethanol in serum denied alcohol consumption. The reliability of the patients was unrelated to sex, age, or type of alcoholic liver disease. Serum ethanol was more valuable than aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and coagulation factors in pointing out the patients who continued drinking.
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PMID:Serum ethanol estimations in the control of alcohol abstinence in patients with liver disease. 53 8

A study of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged twin men provided an opportunity to test for genetic variability in the SMA 12/60 (Technicon) battery of clinical chemistry tests. Classical twin methodology was used to analyze the variation of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. In addition, frequency of co-twin contact was used to control for effects of differences in shared environment. Genetic variability played a definite role in controlling four of the 11 reported tests: one-hour serum glucose, serum urea nitrogen, uric acid, and bilirubin. No genetic variation was found for lactate dehydrogenase, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase. Significantly higher means for calcium, total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase in monozygotic twins precluded any statement about heredity and environment for these tests.
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PMID:Genetic variability of clinical chemical values. 55 78

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage using one litre of isotonic saline was performed on 27 patients with acute pancreatitis as soon as possible after diagnosis. There were no complications. Severe attacks (defined retrosepctively according to the progress of the attack) were characterised by the presence of free peritoneal fluid and by dark-coloured and often opalescent return fluid. The concentrations of albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and total protein in the return fluid provided good discrimination between severe and mild attacks, and there were also significant differences in the concentrations of amylase, urea, calcium, potassium, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and the white cell count. Lavage successfully predicted severe disease in five patients whose condtion had been clinically assessed as mild.
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PMID:Early assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis using peritoneal lavage. 58 22

Blood serum of pygmy goats (both sexes, and castrated males) was analyzed to establish biochemical reference values. Influence of age on reference values was also studied. Serum biochemical analyses were made for urea nitrogen, creatinin, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, uric acid, and total lipids. These serum values for pygmy goats were similar to those reported for man, except as follows: Aspartate aminotransferase activities were slightly higher than those reported for man. Glucose concentrations in pygmy goats were slightly lower than in human beings, and uric acid levels were significantly lower than the values for man. Female and castrated male goats had lower total lipid concentrations than did human beings, whereas intact males had higher concentrations. Thus, of the 9 measured variables for pygmy goats, 5 were comparable to human values. This, together with other attributes, including the small size which conduces to economics of maintenance and enhances the desirability of using pygmy goats in research.
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PMID:Serum biochemistry values in normal pygmy goats. 59 8

The effect of Centchroman, 3,4-trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-phenyl-4-para-(beta -pyrrolidinoethocy)-phenyl-7-methorychroman, administration was investigated in normospermic and oligospermic subjects. 3 normal volunteers, aged 32-40 years, were treated with increasing doses (30, 60, and 120 mg/day, each dose for 2 weeks). The sperm count was decreased in 1 volunteer but the percentages of nonmotile and abnormal spermatozoa were increased in all 3. There was no change in plasma testosterone and urinary 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) levels but the 17-ketogenic steroids (17-KGSs) were decreased in all of them. 3 out of 5 oligospermic subjects, aged 24-35 years, who received 30 mg/day for 6 weeks revealed increased sperm counts. Plasma testosterone levels were decreased in 4, urinary 17-KGSs were decreased in 2, and 17-KSs were decreased in 1 subject. Acid phosphatase, fructose, sialic acid and glycerylphosphoryl choline levels in semen, and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and urea in blood were not markedly altered in either group.
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PMID:Effect of Centchroman administration in normospermic & oligospermic individuals. 61 11

The expert group "Drug Interference in Clinical Chemistry" of the Bureau of Reference, Directorate General for Research, Science and Education of the Commission of the European Communities, consisting of one participant of each member of the European Communities, presents this first report on the final results of its activities. Within the framework of a first stage basic program, the paper describes interferences of therapeutic and elevated doses of ascorbic acid on commonly used clinical chemical methods. This is the result of a bipartite study that was jointly planned, carried out and evaluated. Local and personal influences have been eliminated, as have variations due to methodology, measurement equipment and reagents, in order to be able to present distinct causal effects of ascorbic acid. No definite influence of ascorbic acid on analytical values for urea, cholesterol, calcium, protein, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase could be detected. At therapeutic concentrations, ascorbic acid distinctly interferes with the analysis of glucose, uric acid, creatinine and inorganic phosphate. The extent and direction of interferences vary, depending on the type of reaction, kit and apparatus. In some cases the influence of ascorbic acid results in severe disturbance of the analytical methods leading to useless values.
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PMID:Drug interference in clinical chemistry: studies on ascorbic acid. 62 9

The Jeol Clinalyzer was evaluated over a period of 15 weeks. The operating principles are briefly described. The functions of the mechanical components were tested and assessments made of the instrument's safety and reliability. The mechanical and electrical reliability of the instrument was excellent and the pumps and spectrophotometer gave good accuracy and precision. Between-batch precision of the analytical methods was good for urea, protein and bilirubin and acceptable for alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase. There was a poor relative accuracy for alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase and some proportional inaccuracy for urea and bilirubin.
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PMID:An evaluation of the Jeol Clinalyzer. 64 47


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