Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using rats, we studied how best to assess hepatic damage after administering therapeutic doses of each of five anti-cancer drugs or of the hepatotoxin, carbon tetrachloride. As indexes, we compared measurement of the concentration of administered antipyrine in plasma with measurement in serum of alpha-fetoprotein or of the activities of five enzymes that reportedly best reflect hepatic damage. The biological half-life of antipyrine in the plasma was increased more than threefold on pretreating the rats with any of the five cytotoxic drugs or with carbon tetrachloride. In contrast, the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, or glutamate dehydrogenase were not consistently increased. Of the enzymes tested in serum, aspartate aminotransferase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase best indicated hepatic impairment resulting from the treatment with anti-cancer drugs. Our results imply that determination of the pharmacokinetics of marker drugs such as antipyrine better indicates hepatic dysfunction induced by cytotoxic agents than does measurement of the enzymes liberated into serum as a result of damage to liver mitochondria.
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PMID:Hepatic function assessed (in rats) during chemotherapy with some anti-cancer drugs. 8 82

The determination of enzyme activity in serum for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis has become increasingly popular. According to the author's experience serum aminotransferase is raised in about 100% of cases of chronic active hepatitis and also in active cirrhosis, but in only about 70--80% of persisting hepatitis or in moderately active chronic hepatitis. They are frequently normal in inactive cirrhosis. After aminotransferases the alkaline phosphatase is of great importance for the differential diagnosis of icterus. If aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase are determined at the same time, every cholestatic icterus can be diagnosed with certainty.
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PMID:[Clinical enzyme diagnosis in chronic hepatitis. Possibilities and limitations (author's transl)]. 10 40

Patients who receive total intravenous or nasogastric nutritional support after surgery for head and neck cancer show abnormalities of liver function. Twenty such patients were maintained in positive nitrogen balance. Serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase values were increased in 15 and 18 cases respectively. Possible causes for the abnormalities are discussed and further investigations proposed.
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PMID:Abnormal liver function during nutritional support in postoperative cancer patients. 11 92

The effect of the 3-monthly injectable contraceptive depot medroxyporgesterone acetate (DMPA) on liver function and lipids was assessed in Thai women both with and without liver fluke (Ophisthorchis viverrini) infestation. DMPA administration was started in the immediate postpartum period and women who accepted immediate postpartum IUD insertion of sterilization were recruited as a control group. Complete 18-month followup results were obtained for 108 DMPA and 106 control fluke-positive subjects and for 89 DMPA and 74 fluke-negative subjects. No woman in any of the groups developed signs or symptoms of hepatic disease and the DMPA users had fewer health-related complaints during followup than the control subjects. Over 80% of both groups of users were amenorrheic 18 months postpartum, compared with about 15% of those in the control group. A large majority of subjects in each group continued to breastfeed for the entire study period without complaint. Weight change was small and similar in both the DMPA and control groups. Total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase levels at 6, 12, and 18 months in the DMPA groups were generally equivalent to or lower than those in the corresponding control groups. Cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the fluke-positive DMPA subjects while serum triglycerides were significantly decreased in both DMPA groups compared with their controls throughout the followup period. We conclude that during 18 months of use, DMPA did not cause any deleterious effects on health or on the metabolic factors studied in women with and without liver fluke infestation.
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PMID:Effects of the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in Thai women with liver fluke infestation: final results. 16 23

Quantitative determination of LP-X, abnormal serum low density lipoprotein, was performed on the sera of 620 patients with jaundice in two medical centers, one in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and the other in Birmingham, England. The results of serial assays over a period of 5 to 8 days after patient admission to hospital or after onset of jaundice, if this occurred in hospital, correlated best with the type and management of jaundice. In some cases of early cholestatic disease of extrahepatic origin LP-X may be absent, but after the observation period it was found that only 1 of 81 (98%) patients with obstruction of the extrahepatic bile duct system remained negative. Of the remainder, 74 (91%) had or developed levels of LP-X exceeding 300 mg per 100 ml. In addition, 43 (88%) of 49 subjects followed serially showed increases in LP-X concentration, with no change in 3 patients. Of 539 subjects with intrahepatic disease, 14 (26.5%) were LP-X positive and 27 (19.4%) of these had initial LP-X levels higher than 300 mg per 100 ml. During the follow-up period, 35 (74%) of 47 patients with intrahepatic disease showed a reduction of LP-X; of the remaining 12 patients 4 had mitochondrial antibody-positive primary biliary cirrhosis, and 6 had severe cholestasis associated with acute infectious hepatitis and high aspartate transaminase levels. Similar figures for alkaline phosphatase showed less consistent changes during the follow-up period. In this retrospective appraisal the trends and absolute levels of LP-X, in addition to the use of similarly followed levels of the routine liver function tests, allowed better differentiation of jaundice requiring surgical correction from that remediable by medical means exclusively than did the use of the routine liver function tests alone. In addition, LP-X is specific for liver dysfunction, whereas other routine liver function tests are not.
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PMID:Utilization of the quantitative assay of lipoprotein X in the differential diagnosis of extraphepatic obstructive jaundice and intrahepatic diseases. 17 11

The effect of daily dermal spray of malathion for four weeks in recommended (0.5 and 1.0 per cent) and higher (5.0 per cent) concentration on various enzymes in Bubalus bubalis species were studied. The higher concentration of 5.0 per cent showed lethal effect after 2 to 3 exposures. The cholinesterase activity in both RBC (RChE) and plasma (PChE) were inhibited with all the concentrations. There was also significant (P less than 0.05) elevation in the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase with 1.0 and 5.0 per cent spray and enzyme activities remained altered even during post-medication. The extent of various biochemical changes were dose and time dependent.
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PMID:Influence of malathion (O,O'-dimethyl dithiophosphate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate) on body enzymes in dermal subacute toxicity studies in Bubalus bubalis species. 21 25

Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed in 67 alcoholics and 40 drug dependent patients. Bilirubin, total protein, albumin, and globulin were also measured. GGTP elevation was observed in 48% of alcoholics and in 50% of drug dependents. The incidences of elevated levels of other enzymes were: ICD 39 and 38-7%; OCT 23-7 and 36-1%; AlT 30 and 33%; AsT 24-2 and 21-7%; ALP 10-4 and 5% respectively. Measurement of GGTP is thus more useful as a screening test for involvement of the liver in alcoholics and drug dependent patients than that of the other enzymes.
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PMID:Serum enzyme levels in alcoholism and drug dependency. 23 23

Minimal liver damage was induced in groups of rats by the administration of three toxicants, viz. carbon tetrachloride, sodium phenobarbitone and orotic acid. Serial blood samples were taken from the animals during the course of the experiment and the plasma levels of a number of enzymes, substrates and metabolites were measured. Liver and kidney samples were also taken at appropriate times after dosing and examined histologically for evidence of drug induced damage. The results of the experiment show that (I) no single test gave unequivocal evidence of liver damage for all three compounds, (II) the conventional liver function tests, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase, whose plasma activities are usually reported in toxicity studies, were not the most sensitive indicators of the minimal liver cell damage caused by the drugs used in this experiment, (III) knowledge of the intracellular location of the diagnostic enzyme makes it possible to describe, at least in part, the nature of the changes within the liver, (IV) measurement of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels can provide information about disruption in lipid metabolism, (V) the times at which blood samples are taken are most important if transient drug effects on the liver are to be detected.
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PMID:Young Scientists Award Lecture 1977: An investigation into the value of some clinical biochemical tests in the detection of minimal changes in liver morphology and function in the rat. 27 87

We used the previously described [Clin. Chem. 19, 1114 (1973)] and evaluated [Clin. Chem. 19, 1122 (1973)] computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing to select and perform tests of hepatic status, to aid the clinician in the diagnosis of liver disease. Results for total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase obtained from the continuous-flow analysis (SMA 12/60) admission screen were used by the instrument system to determine selectively the values for gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and total and direct bilirubin. Kit methods for the latter four tests were evaluated on the system; results were similar to manual procedures. A software, enzymatic ratemeter was found to be better than the previously described hardware ratemeter. The follow-up tests of serum prescribed by the system are compared to clinician-prescribed follow-up tests and discharge diagnoses. In 10 of 19 cases, the system and clinician ordered similar follow-up tests; in three cases follow-up differed, and in six cases, the system ordered follow-up tests and the clinician ordered none.
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PMID:Computer-controlled instrument system for sequential chemical testing III. Application to liver assessment. 34 61

Thirty-one patients with severe gram-negative bacterial infections were treated successfully with a combination of cefamandole nafate plus gentamicin or tobramycin. The patients were divided into two treatment groups: group 1 received low-dose therapy (80--100 mg of cefamandole nafate/kg per 24 hr plus 3 mg of either gentamicin or tobramycin/kg per 24 hr), and group 2 patients, who had suspected bacteremia, received high-dose therapy (170 mg of cefamandole nafate/kg per 24 hr plus 5 mg of either gentamicin or tobramycin/kg per 24 hr). All of the patients were clinically and bacteriologically cured of their primary infections. All four episodes of bacteremia were cleared within 24 hr after therapy was initiated. There was a uniform decrease in the rate of creatinine clearance which was slightly greater in group 2 patients; however, all creatinine clearance values were within the normal range and actually improved during therapy. There was no difference between the clearance values of the tobramycin-treated patients and gentamicin-treated patients. A few transient abnormalities in results of liver function tests occurred during the study. In one patient whose serum was positive for hepatitis-associated antigen, the alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin values were elevated on admisssion of the patient to the hospital, increased fivefold during therapy, and decreased to the base-line admission values six days after therapy; however, it is difficult to establish that this reaction was antibiotic-induced hepatic toxicity.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of cefamandole plus either gentamicin or tobramycin in therapy of severe gram-negative bacterial infections. 34 93


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