Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

31 healthy Thai males, 22 Thai male regular drinkers not suffering from any clinical signs or symptoms of alcoholism, and 52 patients from a neurological hospital in Bangkok suffering from the effects of chronic alcohol consumption were investigated. Alcohol consumption in asymptomatic drinkers ranged from 7 to 134 (median 44) g/d ethanol, and for the patients 22 to 517 (median 197) g/d ethanol, as assessed by questionnaires. The symptomatic alcohol drinkers had consumed alcohol for 2 to 35 years and the hospitalized patients for 5 to 40 years. Only the median levels of serum triglycerides and serum glutamyl transferase (gamma-G) were significantly increased and vitamin B1 deficiency was found with higher frequency in the group of alcohol drinkers without clinical signs compared with the healthy non-alcohol drinkers. Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated in the group of asymptomatic alcohol drinkers only, between alcohol consumption and the Quetelet's index, gamma-G, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Alkaline phosphatase also correlated significantly with gamma-G. In the group of hospitalized patients, compared with healthy males statistically significantly higher median values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, gamma-G, aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, haemoglobin, hematocrit, folate and total protein were found. The median levels of cholesterol, bilirubin, vitamin B2, B6 and B12 in the hospitalized group were lower than, but not significantly different from the other two groups.
 ...
PMID:Alcohol consumption, liver function tests and nutritional status in Thai males. 612 Jan 45

Activities of 14 enzymes were determined in psoas muscle, smooth muscle, diaphragm, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, zygomatic gland, intestinal mucosa, subcellular fractions, and plasma of the dog. In pups, plasma activity of most enzymes was high, except iditol dehydrogenase (ID), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALS). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALS, cholinesterase (CHS), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD) decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increasing age, but in dogs greater than 7 months, all enzymes except CK, HBD, and ALT revealed reasonably constant plasma values. Enzymes ALT, GLD, CHS, and ID are specific for liver, CK and ALS for muscle, HBD to some degree for myocardium, and alpha-amylase for pancreas. The ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase were located in microsomes, GLD in mitochondria, MD and AST in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and isocitric dehydrogenase, LD, and the other enzymes only in cytoplasm.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme activities in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values, and intracellular distribution. 703 2

Composition of ration and season of sampling markedly affected the composition of blood in six tamed bison (Bison bison) steers and eight Hereford cattle (Bos taurus) steers. Observed values extended reported ranges for albumin, phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in bison serum. There were several differences between species in blood composition. In particular, erythrocytic and BUN values were higher in bison than in cattle. Overall mean values for bison and cattle receiving experimental rations were, respectively: BUN, 17.1 mg/dl and 14.1 mg/dl; hemoglobin, 17.8 g/dl and 13.3 g/dl; packed cell volume (PCV), 47.6% and 35.6%; red blood cells, 9.3 x 10(6)/mm3 and 8.2 x 10(6)/mm3; mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 51.3 mean 3; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, 18.9 pg and 16.1 pg. The significant changes in blood composition associated with changes in ration composition support the use of blood composition as an index of nutritional status. There were no sex-specific differences in blood of 20 bison from Elk Island National Park and 34 bison from Wood Buffalo National Park, Alberta. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was higher in juvenile than in adult bison. Impoundment of wild bison for 24 hr was accompanied by a decrease in BUN and an increase in PCV. Wild bison that were killed during handling had significantly higher blood levels of ALP, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, MCV and phosphorus.
 ...
PMID:Effects of ration, season and animal handling on composition of bison and cattle blood. 713 55

Previous reports have suggested the use of supraceliac aortic clamping in the surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm of difficult approach. The objective of the present report was to study the hepatic and renal metabolic changes of three groups of dogs submitted to temporary clamping (30 minutes) of the abdominal aorta at three different levels: below the renal arteries, infrarenal group (8 dogs); above the renal arteries, suprarenal group (9 dogs); above the celiac artery, supraceliac group (9 dogs). Blood bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels were measured before clamping and 5 minutes and 24 hours after reperfusion of the aorta. Bilirubin levels remained unchanged 5 minutes and 24 hours after reperfusion in all three groups. Alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased in all three groups 24 hours after reperfusion. ALT levels increased significantly in the supraceliac group and AST levels increased significantly in the infrarenal and supraceliac groups 24 hours after reperfusion of the aorta. However, despite these significant increases after reperfusion, the levels of these hepatic enzymes were still within the normal range for dogs. Urea nitrogen and creatinine levels showed that renal function did not change in any of the three groups. We conclude that supraceliac, infrarenal or suprarenal aortic clamping for 30 minutes do not promote any important changes in the hepatic or renal function of dogs.
 ...
PMID:Supraceliac clamping in the surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. An experimental study in dogs. 761 Mar 26

Cholestasis is the predominant complication in patients with total parenteral nutrition-related liver disease. Ursodeoxycholic acid has been reported to be beneficial for patients with various chronic cholestatic liver diseases. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the effects of short-term administration of ursodeoxycholic acid in nine patients (mean age 54 years) treated with home total parenteral nutrition (31 +/- 2 (mean +/- SEM) kcal/kg per day) for 13.9 +/- 5.2 months for short bowel syndrome; all presented biological evidence of hepatic cholestasis (mean alkaline phosphatase activity 5.2 times the upper limit of the normal) which appeared during nutrition; there was no cause of hepatic dysfunction other than total parenteral nutrition. Patients received 11.2 +/- 0.8 mg/kg per day of ursodeoxycholic acid orally for 1 (n = 9) or 2 (n = 5) 2-month periods, each of which was followed by a 2-month wash-out period. Liver function tests were performed before and at the end of each period. Compared with non-treatment periods, the two periods of ursodeoxycholic acid administration induced a significant reduction in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (27.1% and 20.4% respectively; p = 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase serum activities (7.0% and 34.8% respectively; p = 0.01) from baseline values. Alkaline phosphatase activity (p = 0.09), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.11) and bilirubin (p = 0.75) serum activities underwent no significant change during the study. These preliminary results strongly suggest that short-term ursodeoxycholic acid administration leads to biochemical improvement in liver function tests in patients with total parenteral nutrition-related liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Is ursodeoxycholic acid an effective therapy for total parenteral nutrition-related liver disease? 800 5

In order to assess the liver protective activity and the antioxidant properties of a new silybin complex (IdB1016), we carried out a short-term pilot study on 20 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), randomly assigned to 240 mg of silybin b.i.d. (10 patients, 4 m/6 f, mean age: 50 years) or placebo (10 patients, 2 m/8 f, mean age: 55 years). Blood samples were collected before and after 7 days of treatment for liver function tests (LFTs), malonaldehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation, and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), two trace elements involved in protecting cells against free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation. In the treated group, there was a statistically significant reduction of mean (+/- SEM) serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) from 88.0 (+/- 13.3) to 65.9 (+/- 7.5) u/l, (p < 0.01), of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from 115.9 (+/- 12.9) to 82.5 (+/- 10.6) u/l (p < 0.01), of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) from 51.4 (+/- 9.3) to 41.3 (+/- 4.2) u/l (p < 0.02) and of total bilirubin (TB) from 0.76 (+/- 0.08) to 0.53 (+/- 0.04) mg/dl (p < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase (AP) fell slightly from 143.4 (+/- 6.4) to 137.5 (+/- 7.8) u/l. There were no significant changes in MDA, Cu or Zn serum concentrations. These results show that IdB1016 may improve LFTs related to hepatocellular necrosis and/or increases membrane permeability in patients affected by CAH.
 ...
PMID:A pilot study on the liver protective effect of silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (IdB1016) in chronic active hepatitis. 822 95

Non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by elevated serum aminotransferase activities with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and occasionally fibrosis that may progress to cirrhosis. No established treatment exists for this potentially serious disorder. Our aim was to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the safety and estimate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and clofibrate in the treatment of NASH. Forty patients were diagnosed with NASH based on a compatible liver biopsy with other causes of liver disease, including alcohol abuse, excluded by history, serum tests, and use of ultrasound. Twenty-four patients received 13 to 15 mg/kg/d of UDCA for 12 months. Sixteen patients with hypertriglyceridemia were placed on clofibrate, 2 g/day for 12 months. Twenty-five women and 15 men entered the study. Six of 40 patients (15%) withdrew because of side effects. Four additional patients were withdrawn because of noncompliance; one of them later required liver transplantation. In the UDCA group, the decreases in mean serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) as well as histological grade of steatosis were significant. Among the patients treated with clofibrate, no change from baseline was found in mean ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST), GGT, bilirubin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, or in histological grade of steatosis, inflammation, or fibrosis after 12 months of treatment as compared with entry. Alkaline phosphatase activities decreased significantly from baseline. Despite the known lipid-lowering effects of clofibrate, it did not appear to be of clinical benefit in the treatment of NASH in this 1-year pilot study. However, treatment of NASH with UDCA for 12 months resulted in significant improvement in alkaline phosphatase, ALT, GGT, and hepatic steatosis. The possible benefit of UDCA therapy should be further investigated in the context of a randomized, controlled trial.
 ...
PMID:Ursodeoxycholic acid or clofibrate in the treatment of non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis: a pilot study. 867 65

Progressive liver failure in parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent children with short bowel syndrome carries significant morbidity and mortality. The authors retrospectively reviewed 47 consecutive patients with short bowel syndrome diagnosed from October 1985 through October 1995. All patients were treated according to a protocol designed to promote intestinal motility and discourage bacterial translocation. Elements of the protocol included the use of taurine, vigilant prevention and aggressive treatment of sepsis, meticulous catheter care, early PN cycling, appropriate enteral feeding, and measures designed to inhibit gastrointestinal bacterial translocation, especially gram-negative rods. Complete blood counts and serum liver function studies were compiled from both clinic visits and hospital admissions for each patient every 3 to 6 months while they were on PN. Three patients were lost to follow-up after they had moved out of state. The length of time on PN ranged from 3 months to 9.4 years with an average of 2.2 years. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glutamyltransferase (GGT) were present in 82%, 66%, and 84% of patients, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 58% of patients. Eight patients (18%) are still on PN, and 31 (70%) have been weaned off PN. Five patients have died (11%). Three patients (7%) developed cholecystitis requiring cholecystectomy. No patients developed progressive liver failure. These results suggest that PN-related liver failure may be prevented in most patients with short bowel syndrome. Specific measures to prevent PN-related cholestatic jaundice need further investigation.
 ...
PMID:Prevention of liver failure in parenteral nutrition-dependent children with short bowel syndrome. 909 21

Prior studies have suggested that changes in liver function tests may vary with the postoperative time interval and may be related to the extent of hepatic resection. This study describes characteristic profiles in parenchymal liver enzymes and other serum liver function tests over a 4-week course comparing anatomic to nonanatomic hepatic resections. The records of 48 patients undergoing successful major hepatic resection during a 3-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Of these 48 patients, 28 underwent formal anatomic resection (hepatic lobectomy), and 20 underwent nonanatomic resections (wedge resection). Routine postoperative management in lobectomy patients included drawing liver function tests and enzymes daily for the first week, then at approximately 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. These tests included: prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time, total serum bilirubin, total protein (TP), aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase, albumin (A), and glucose. Patients undergoing wedge resections had these values checked less frequently, approximately 3 to 5 days, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Profiles of these values were plotted over the 4-week postoperative time course for each group of patients. Patients undergoing hepatic lobectomy showed a characteristic laboratory value profile. PT elevated within 48 hours to a mean high of 16.0 seconds, then returned to normal by postoperative day 4. Partial thromboplastin time levels remained normal throughout the entire perioperative course. Total bilirubin rose slightly, to a mean high of 2.6 mg/100 cc, then returned to normal by postoperative day (POD) 14. Parenchymal liver enzymes aspartate transaminase and LDH rose abruptly to very high levels, then returned abruptly to normal (by POD 5). TP and A both fell to approximately 50 per cent of normal, gradually rising to normal by POD 14. Glucose rose to a mean high of 199 mg/100 cc within the first 5 days, then returned to normal by POD 7. Alkaline phosphatase remained normal initially, then showed a progressive rise to a high of 288 mg/100 cc on POD 14. Patients undergoing wedge resections did not show the same changes in total serum bilirubin, but showed similar trends in all other tests, although the magnitude of these changes was smaller. TP and A levels fell acutely after resection, then began a slow rise toward normal by POD 21. TP and A profiles were similar for both lobectomy patients and those undergoing wedge resection. The only tests that may have altered clinical management were the PT and total bilirubin. Patients undergoing major hepatic resection have characteristic postoperative profiles of liver enzymes and liver function tests. These laboratory profiles differ with the extent of hepatic resection. The profiles reflect changes in volume status, parenchymal liver destruction, transient hepatic insufficiency, and postoperative hepatic regeneration. However, except possibly for PT and bilirubin, the routine use of these tests is not recommended, given that the results do not alter clinical management.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of liver function tests after hepatic lobectomy and hepatic wedge resection. 958 73

This study evaluated the influence of Westernised and traditional African diets on biochemical and haematological profiles in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Twelve adult male vervet monkeys bred at the Medical Research Council, all over 4 years of age and weighing more than 5 kg each, were divided into two groups of six individuals. These monkeys were raised on a standard in-house diet post-weaning, before they were fed for 8 weeks on diets containing milk solids (17.2%) or maize + legume (17.4%), as sources of high crude protein (+/- 3.5 g/kg). High protein diets had no significant effect on serum biochemical indices such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations (P > 0.10). However, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were significantly higher during week 8 (P < 0.05) for the maize + legume protein group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP; P < 0.07), total protein (P < 0.0001), albumin (P < 0.02), and bilirubin (P < 0.003) were elevated in the milk solids group, while glucose levels were also significantly higher for the milk solids group (P < 0.05) between weeks 2 and 6. Elevated protein intake had no significant effect on haematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBC), platelet and white blood cell (WBC) counts, haemoglobin levels and monocyte and neutrophil concentrations (P > 0.10). In contrast, serum lymphocyte levels were significantly raised in the maize + legume protein group (P = 0.03), whereas values for the haematocrit (P < 0.002), mean cell volume (MCV; P < 0.03) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC; P < 0.0001) were higher in the monkeys that were fed the milk solids. This investigation showed that the type of dietary protein that is consumed may well affect certain biochemical and haematological indices in vervet monkeys. Compared to the group that were given the traditional African food regime, the animals on the Western-type milk solids diet showed significant elevations in a number of important biological indicators. However, longer-term studies should be completed in this area if we are to make firmer conclusions regarding the link between the nature of dietary proteins that are consumed and its effect on metabolism.
 ...
PMID:The impact of dietary protein intake on serum biochemical and haematological profiles in vervet monkeys. 1139 65


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>