Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in exercise-induced cell and tissue injury, indicating an oxidative stress. Fatigue accompanied by a number of physiological and metabolic changes is in indication of overtraining. This study aimed to examine the influence of a continuous 24-h intermittent speed driving (1 h driving/1 h stop), on the response of hormones, antioxidative factors, lipid, and enzyme levels. Seven race car drivers of national level were examined before, during, and immediately after the trial of speed driving on a test designed to check endurance to stress. The parameters measured were: testosterone (Tes), cortisol (Cor), IgM, IgA, cholesterol, HDL, billirubin, ceruloplasmin, urea, uric acid, creatine kinase, and transaminases. Stress hormone Cor declined significantly (p < 0.05), while Tes did not change significantly. Fatigue enzyme, aspartate transaminase (GOT) increased significantly (p < 0.05), while alanine transaminase (GPT) did not change and urea declined. Muscle enzyme, creatine kinase (CK) increased to sixfold (p < 0.01). IgA, IgM and lipids did not change. The primary antioxidant ceruloplasmin increased significantly (p < 0.001), while antioxidants uric acid and glucose remained unchanged. Among the factors measured, ceruloplasmin, cortisol, urea, GOT, and CK seem to give a picture of the organism's alertness and defence capabilities in conditions of stress and fatigue.
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PMID:Stress hormonal factors, fatigue, and antioxidant responses to prolonged speed driving. 967 60

The aims of the present study were to identify correlates of alanine aminotransferase (ALT or GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST or GOT) activities among a healthy working population aged 18-39, and to discuss liver transferase abnormalities. Subjects included 1,009 employees of a company in Fukushima, Japan. Pregnant women, employees exposed to organic solvents, and employees with a history of liver diseases were excluded. Serum ALT and AST levels were measured by an enzymatic method. Other information including BMI, job type and lifestyles was recorded. Mean ALT and AST levels were significantly higher for males than females (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that sex and BMI explained 45% and 31% of the variability in ALT and AST, respectively. The prevalence of abnormal ALT levels (> 40 IU) was 16.3% for males and 0.4% for females. Sex, BMI, and shift work were independently associated with abnormal ALT levels by logistic regression analysis. It is concluded that ALT and AST levels are well-correlated with sex and BMI, and that abnormal liver transferase activity is prevalent in male employees but rare in females, suggesting that liver function tests should be introduced for male employees under 40 years of age.
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PMID:Liver transferase activity in healthy Japanese employees aged 18-39 years. 970 99

Solanum alatum Moench. has been shown to have a protective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Solanum alatum treatment (100 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; GOT) induced by acetaminophen (paracetamol) (600 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. It also decreased the extent of visible necrosis in liver tissue. In addition, Solanum alatum treatment restored hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion induced by acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Microsomal enzyme levels such as P-450, reductase, and aniline hydroxylation enzyme were also restored to normal levels after Solanum alatum administration. The hepatoprotective mechanism may function through direct binding with acetaminophen toxic metabolites, decreasing the attraction of acetaminophen metabolites for other cellular GSH or thiol protein. Additionally, Solanum alatum treatment increased the concentration of hepatic GSH and maintained a high level activity of GSTase, which led to acceleration of the excretion of toxic acetaminophen metabolites.
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PMID:The hepatoprotective effects of Solanum alatum Moench. on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. 1079 22

To clarify the relationship between coffee and fitness, we investigated the effect of coffee on weight gain and total cholesterol as well as production of cytokines and activities of GOT (aspartate aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.1.) and GPT (alanine aminotransferase; EC 2.6.1.2.) as injected lipopolysaccharides. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into three dietary groups (n=16), which were fed a stock diet (control group), the diet supplemented with freeze-dried coffee of 6.2 g/kg (0.62% coffee group), and the diet supplemented with freeze-dried coffee of 13.6 g/kg (1.36% coffee group). It was confirmed by HPLC analysis that the serum caffeine concentrations in both coffee groups became significantly higher in 140 days after the start of feeding. No significant differences in body weight and serum cholesterol were found between the coffee groups and control group, though the coffee groups tended to be somewhat high at cholesterol level. Activities of serum GOT and GPT increased at 2 h after LPS injection, but in the coffee groups were significantly suppressed (p<0.05). However, the coffee feeding could not suppress the increases of serum cytokine (TNF-alpha and IL-6) levels. These results suggest that coffee may serve as a preventive against liver injury.
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PMID:Coffee and fitness-coffee suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats. 1122 4

In this study, PMC (2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-hydroxychromane), a derivative of alpha-tocopherol, dose-dependently (1-10 mg/kg) ameliorated the increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) levels caused by chronic repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication in mice. Moreover, PMC significantly improved the CCl4-induced increase of hepatic glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and superoxide dismutase activities. PMC also restored the decrement in the glutathione content of hepatic tissues in CCl4-intoxicated mice. Furthermore, it also dose-dependently inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidative products during carbon tetrachloride treatment. Histopathological changes of hepatic lesions induced by carbon tetrachloride were significantly improved by treatment with PMC in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that PMC exerts effective protection in chronic chemical-induced hepatic injury in vivo.
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PMID:The protective effects of PMC against chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. 1172 62

The pyrimido-pyrimidine BIBX 1382 BS inhibits the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), thus specifically reverting the aberrant enzymatic activity from overexpressed and constitutively activated EGFR. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of this new specific molecule was carried out. After initially performing an accelerated titration design from the first toxicities onwards, a modified Fibonacci scheme was used to escalate the daily oral dose. The following dosages and cycles (defined as treatment during 28 days) were applied: 25 mg: 6; 50 mg: 3; 100 mg: 6; 200 mg: 7; 150 mg: 3. Over a 10 months accrual phase, 11 patients (pts) (7 females, 4 males) with a median age of 63 years (range 50-73 years), World Health Organization Performance Status (WHO PS) 0:5 pts, 1:6 pts and miscellaneous solid tumours were entered. The median number of cycles applied per pt was 2 (range 1-7). Reversible, dose-dependent increase of liver enzymes (maximal Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) grades: gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): 4, aspartate aminotransferase (GOT): 3, alanine aminotransferase (GPT): 3, alkaline phosphatase (AP): 3, bilirubin: 3) occurred. Oral medication yielded plasma levels far below those expected to be efficacious. In conclusion, target plasma levels could not be reached via the oral route at a reasonable dosage. Meanwhile, a preclinically unknown metabolite was identified from the urine of one patient. Subsequently, this metabolite was found to be abundant in patient plasma. The metabolite was demonstrated to be pharmacologically inactive. Due to a dose-limiting increase of liver enzymes, low bioavailability of BIBX 1382 BS and the detection of a pharmacologically inactive metabolite, this trial was discontinued.
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PMID:Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of BIBX 1382 BS, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, given in a continuous daily oral administration. 1200 95

Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is well-known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of A. camphorata extracts to protect against oxidative stress in vitro and against carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic injury in vivo. An extract of A. camphorata inhibited nonenzymatic iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates with an IC(50) value about 3.1 mg/mL. It also scavenged the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The dose of the A. camphorata extract resulting in a decrease of 0.20 in the absorbance of DPPH was about 31 +/- 0.7 microg/mL. Furthermore, an A. camphorata extract dose-dependently (250-1250 mg/kg) ameliorated the increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) levels caused by chronic repeated CCl(4) intoxication in mice. Moreover, A. camphorata extract significantly improved the CCl(4)-induced increase in hepatic glutathione peroxidase, reductase, and CCl(4)-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase activities. It also restored the decrement in the glutathione content and catalase activity of hepatic tissues in CCl(4)-intoxicated mice. Furthermore, it also dose-dependently inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidative products during CCl(4) treatment. Histopathological changes of hepatic lesions induced by CCl(4) were significantly ameliorated by treatment with an A. camphorata extract in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that A. camphorata extract exerts effective protection against chronic chemical-induced hepatic injury in vivo, by mediating antioxidative and free radical scavenging activities.
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PMID:Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of Antrodia camphorata extract. 1274 58

The activity and distribution of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in adult Fasciola hepatica have been studied. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of GOT and GPT was measured by the method of Reitman and Frankel. Isozyme patterns of those enzyme were also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase was about 0.55 unit and 0.92 unit per 1 g of Fasciola hepatica, respectively. 2. The activity of those enzymes was relatively low compared with those in mammalian tissues. 3. The distribution of aspartate aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 71 % of the activity was in cytosolic, 24 % in mitochondrial and 5 % was in nuclear fraction. 4. About 22 % of the total alanine aminotransferase activity was found in the mitochondrial fraction, about 66 percent in the cytosolic fraction. 5. Aspartate aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction was separated into two types of isozymes, whereas alanine aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction gave only one active peak on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.
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PMID:[Aspartate And Alanine Aminotransferase In Fasciola Hepatica] 1290 68

Amalkadi Ghrita (AG), a polyherbal formulation, was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of AG was evaluated by measuring levels of serum marker enzymes like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and acid phosphatase (ACP). The serum levels of total proteins and bilirubin were also estimated. The histological studies were also carried out to support the above parameters. Silymarin was used as standard drug. Administration of AG (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) markedly prevented CCl4-induced elevation of levels of serum GPT, GOT, ACP, ALP, and bilirubin. The decreased level of total proteins due to hepatic damage induced by CCl4 was found to be increased in AG-treated group. The results are comparable to that of silymarin. A comparative histopathological study of liver exhibited almost normal architecture, as compared to CCl4-treated group. Hepatoprotective effect of AG is probably due to combined action of all ingredients.
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PMID:Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Amalkadi Ghrita against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. 1501 85

The plant Mentha piperita, or peppermint, is commonly used in the treatment of loss of appetite, common cold, bronchitis, sinusitis, fever, nausea and vomiting, and indigestion as a herbal agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate biochemical and histological effects of M. piperita Labiatae, growing in the Yenisar Bademli town of Isparta city, and Mentha spicata Labiatae, growing in the Anamas high plateau of the Yenisar Bademli town, on the rat liver tissue. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for this study. Rats were divided into four groups of 12 animals: Group I received no herbal tea (control group); Group II received 20 g/L M. piperita tea; Group III received 20 g/L M. spicata tea; and Group IV received 40 g/L M. spicata tea. Herbal teas were prepared daily and provided at all times to the rats during 30 days as drinking water. Liver function tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) activities were measured. To evaluate liver antioxidant defences, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities were determined in the homogenates of liver tissue. In addition, liver tissues were submitted for histopathologic examination. AST and ALT activities were increased in Group II, Group III and Group IV gradually when compared with the control group. The difference between Group II and the control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). Increases in AST and ALT activities of Group III and Group IV were statistically significant when compared with the control group. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were increased in Group II when compared with the control group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). However, SOD, GSH-Px activities and the TBARS level were significantly increased, and CAT activity was significantly decreased in Group III when compared with the control group. In Group IV, while SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased, the TBARS level was increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.0016). Histopathological evaluation of experimental groups revealed a mild to severe degree of hepatic damage when compared to the control group. In Group II, there was only minimal hepatocytes degeneration. In Groups III and IV, there were granular or ballooning hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, sinusoidal and central vein dilatation. It was concluded that lipid peroxidation and hepatic damage occurs after M. piperita and M. spicata administration in rat liver and the damage seems to be dose dependent.
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PMID:Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. 1502 12


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