Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. There was little difference in digestive (voluntary food intake, dry matter digestibility and nitrogen balance) and blood measurements (venous concentrations of corticosteroids, serum aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), protein-bound iodine, urea and glucose) of intact sheep (eight animals) and of sheep prepared with rumen cannular (sixteen animals) and subsequently with either simple 'T-shaped' (eight animals) or re-entrant cannulas (eight animals) at the duodenum and ileum, when fed ad lib. a chopped medium-quality-hay ration. 2. Wool growth rates of the intact sheep were similar to those in sheep with rumen cannulas and with rumen cannulas plus simple 'T-shaped' cannulas, but higher (P less than 0-01) than those with rumen cannulas plus re-entrant cannulas. 3. When the sheep were subsequently given a restricted intake (800 g/d) of dried grass, retention times of solid- and liquid-phase digesta markers in the rumen and caecum were similar in all sheep. 4. The use of the different preparations in digestive physiology studies is discussed.
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PMID:The effects of various forms of gastrointestinal cannulation on digestive measurements in sheep. 88 73

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from the atlanto-occipital (AO) and lumbosacral (LS) subarachnoid spaces of 24 horses and 21 ponies that had no clinical evidence of neurologic disease. Depth of needle insertion, pressures, refractive index, rapid reagent strip test (protein, glucose, blood, pH) results, cell counts, content of protein, glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, and cholesterol, and activities of creatine phosphokinase, aspartate transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. The resulting clinical reference values obtained were discussed in light of the published normal values for CSF from horses, other animals, and man. White cell counts in CSF were found to be from 0 to 6/microliters. Values for protein content were distributed between wider limits than previously reported values. The LS-AO difference is proposed as a criterion for clinical evaluation of CSF protein content. Ponies were found to have more protein in their CSF than did the horses, and CSF from the LS site contained more glucose than that from the AO site. The CSF electrolyte composition was similar to that of previous reports. Enzyme activities in equine CSF are reported for the 1st time.
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PMID:Equine cerebrospinal fluid: reference values of normal horses. 91 Oct 95

This report summarizes a one year evaluation of Abbott's ABA 100, with respect to mechanical parts (syringe plates, precision and linearity of photometry, band width of several filters, multicuvet precision, temperature control) and the reliability of several methods (endpoint procedures: determination of the glucose concentration with hexokinase- and the glucose dehydrogenase method, and of the protein concentration; enzyme activities: alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase). The critical batch size was estimated as an indicator of economy (about 40 samples per day for the glucose concentration). Various aspects of the instrument are discussed with respect to its use in clinical chemistry.
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PMID:Evaluation of the Abbott Bichromatic Analyzer 100 (A proposal for an evaluation scheme). 95 29

A number of biochemical and haematological parameters, including plasma electrolytes, parameters of hepatic and renal function, plasma enzymes and free fatty acids were measured in 13 athletes before and after a 160-km 24-hour race. The runners were divided into 2 groups: group A, who competed the 160 km within 24 hours and group B, who either ran for 24 hours, or who retired before completing the distance. Minimal changes were found in the plasma electrolyte patterns in either group, whereas blood urea and creatinine levels increased during the race. The plasma enzymes increased to varying extents, the greatest increases being in lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and the skeletal muscle specific MM isoenzyme of creatinine phosphokinase. Total bilirubin also increased, but no conclusive evidence of hepatic decompensation was found. Plasma free fatty acids levels were very markedly raised in 12 of the runners, the highest increases occurring in group A. All runners ingested carbohydrate during the race and this probably explains why the blood glucose levels increased slightly but remained within normal limits in all the athletes at the end of the race.
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PMID:Biochemical parameters in athletes before and after having run 160 kilometres. 98 11

Plaque and whole saliva samples of the subjects of the Turku sugar studies were analyzed for several enzymes and biochemical compounds. Strict xylitol diet maintained throughout the study a 50% lower quantity of plaque than the sucrose of fructose diets. Decreased plaque and whole saliva lactate concentration, diminished activity of salivary amylase, and reduced hydrolysis rate of sucrose in plaque and whole saliva were observed in relation to xylitol consumption. The xylitol diet also reduced the ratio of glucose to proteins in plaque. On the other hand, increased activity in plaque of alpha- and beta-glycosidases (against p- and o-nitrophenyl derivatives), fucosidase and aspartate transaminase, as well as increased activity of proteinases and lactoperoxidase in saliva were found in connection with xylitol consumption. The fructose diet caused less clear differences when compared to sucrose, but the experiments indicated a selectivity of the effects of dietary carbohydrates on the biochemistry of whole saliva, plaque and salivary glands. The results contribute in explaining the cariostatic effects of xylitol and the lower coriogenicity of fructose when compared to sucrose.
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PMID:Turku sugar studies. VII. Principal biochemical findings on whole saliva and plaque. 107 Feb 15

Methylglyoxal in doses over 25 mg/kg injected intravenously in cats and rabbits produces distinct changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, but has no effect on respiration or circulation when injected intraperitoneally even in doses up to 1 g/kg. The effect of MG on blood pressure depends on the species of the animal. The effects of MG are dose-related and dependent on the route of its administration. Biochemical studies showed a significant rise in serum activities of creatine kinase (EC 2-7-3-2), lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1-1-1-27) and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2-6-1-1-) after intraperitoneal injection of MG in the dose of 200 mg/kg in rabbits and 500 mg/kg in rats. The observed changes probably indicate damage of muscle tissue by MG, presumably as a result of low content of one of the glyoxalases in the muscles of the experimental animals. Elevation of glucose levels by MG was probably an adrenergic effect. These biochemical changes can serve to evaluate toxicity of MG preparations, which exhibit variations probably owing to varying degree of polymerization.
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PMID:Changes of certain pharmacological and biochemical indices in acute methylglyoxal poisoning. 116 55

The realtionship between growth rate and the metabolic activity of certain liver enzymes was studied using two strains of White Plymouth Rock chickens which had been selected in divergent directions for eight-week body weight. The activities of hexokinase, glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, glycogen synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase were measured at 4, 8 and 20 weeks of age. The mean percentage rate of growth of the birds selected for high eight-week body weight exceeded that of the birds selected for low eight-week body weight only during the early growth period. Thereafter, and until sexual maturity, the low-line birds grew at a faster rate, relative to body size. The mature body weight of the high-line birds exceeded that of the low-line birds by a factor of approximately 1.5. A close similarity was noted between the metabolic activity of certain liver enzymes and the growth rate (relative to body size) of the birds studied. At four and eight weeks of age, the faster-growing birds (whether high- or low-line) generally exhibited a greater capacity for glucose phosphorylation and glycolysis, but a poorer capacity for glycogen synthesis, than the slower-growing birds. At twenty weeks, growth rate and metabolic activity were similar in both strains.
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PMID:Activity of certain liver enzymes in fast- and slow-growing lines of chickens. 118 17

Biochemical variables have been measured in a group of volunteers during and after a long-distance run. Plasma glucose levels remained relatively constant and a significant decrease in plasma bicarbonate was noted. Plasma sodium, chloride, total protein, albumin and calcium showed significant increased of an order compatible with water losses occurring during the run. Plasma potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate and bilirubin all show much more marked and variable increases. The plasma enzymes alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase likewise increased significantly throughout the run. Whilst most constituents showed a tendency to return to normal at 20-30 hours after the run, gross increases were observed for aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase.
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PMID:The effect of long-distance running on some biochemical variables. 119 11

Octanoate and L-palmitylcarnitine inhibited the synthesis of P-enolpyruvate from alpha-ketoglutarate and malate by isolated guinea pig liver mitochondria. A 50% reduction in P-enolpyruvate formation was obtained with 0.1 to 0.2 mM octanoate or with 0.06 to 0.10 mM L-palmitylcarnitine. At these concentrations, oxidative phosphorylation remained intact and only much higher concentrations of fatty acids altered this process. The addition of NH4Cl in the presence of malate and increasing concentrations of alpha-ketoglutarate (or vice versa) enhanced the formation of glutamate, aspartate, and P-enolpyruvate. The addition of increasing concentrations of NH4Cl in the presence of fixed amounts of malate and alpha-ketoglutarate had a similar effect. Furthermore, the inhibition of P-enolpyruvate synthesis by fatty acids and the reduction of the acetoacetate to beta-hydroxybutyrate ratio were reversed by the addition of NH4Cl. Cycloheximide, which blocks energy transfer at site 1 of the respiratory chain, decreased P-enolpyruvate formation. When cycloheximide and either octanoate or L-palmitylcarnitine were added together, there was an even greater reduction in P-enolpyruvate synthesis from either malate or alpha-ketoglutarate than was noted with either fatty acid alone. Since cycloheximide lowers the rate of ATP synthesis this may in turn reduce P-enolpyruvate formation by a mechanism independent of changes in the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratio caused by fatty acids. In the isolated perfused liver metabolizing lactate, the inhibitory effect of octanoate on gluconeogenesis was partially relieved by the addition of 1 mM NH4Cl, but remained unchanged in the presence of 2 mM NH4Cl, despite a highly oxidized NAD+/NADH ratio in the mitochondria. In contrast to glucose synthesis, urea formation was markedly increased during the infusion of 1 mM as well as 2 mM NH4Cl. After cessation of NH4Cl infusion, there was an increase in glucose production, to a rate as high as that observed in the absence of octanoate. This increase was accompanied by the disappearance of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate which had been stored in the liver during NH4Cl infusion. Urea synthesis also decreased progressively. These results indicate that gluconeogenesis in guinea pig liver is regulated, in part, by alterations in the mitochondrial oxidation-reduction state. However, the modulation of this effect by changing the concentrations of intermediates of the aspartate aminotransferase reaction indicates competition for oxalacetate between the aminotransferase reaction and P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase.
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PMID:Regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the guinea pig by fatty acids and ammonia. 119 71

The operational characteristics of the Gilford System 3500 were evaluated for six months as to accuracy, precision, carry-over, reliability, and ease of operation. Accuracy was evaluated by comparison to manual methods of established accuracy. The tests evaluated and their respective correlation coefficients are as follows: glucose (0.99), blood urea nitrogen (0.99), calcium (0.97), total bilirubin (0.99), aspartate aminotransferase (0.97), alkaline phosphatase (0.98), albumin (0.96), and total protein (0.96). Within-run precision (CV) for three commercial calibration sera of differing analyte concentrations (low, intermediate, and high) were respectively: 0.69, 1.02, 1.18; 5.4, 1.2, 1.09; 0.83, 0.77, 0.86; 5.9, 1.0, 0.86; 6.4, 5.2, 2.1; 3.7, 1.5, 1.3; 0.0, 1.4, 0.97; and 1.2, 1.3, 0.75. Day-to-day precision, similarly evaluated during 101-164 days, met accepted criteria for clinically acceptable precision. Carry-over for each of the eight tests was less than 1%. Instrument reliability has been excellent, and training time is short. In summary, we have found the Gilford System 3500 to be sufficiently precise and fast, easy to operate, highly accurate, and flexible.
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PMID:Evaluation of a discrete-sample computer-directed clinical analyzer. 124 22


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