Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activity of the red blood cell enzymes transketolase, glutathione reductase, and aspartate transaminase, and their activation by the coenzymes thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine, the pyruvate tolerance test, the leucocyte vitamin C concentration, and the activity in serum of gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured in a series of 35 patients with alcohol-related illness. The incidence of thiamine deficiency was 31% as assessed by the activation of transketolase, and 55% as assessed by the pyruvate tolerance test. The incidence of riboflavin deficiency was 23% and of ascorbic acid deficiency 91%. No cases of pyridoxine deficiency were detected. The pyruvate tolerance test was found to be a more sensitive test of thiamine deficiency than the transketolase activation, and the activation of red blood cell aspartate transaminase was found to be a poor indicator of pyridoxine deficiency. There was a poor correlation of the gamma-glutamyl transferase activity with the degree of vitamin deficiency, suggesting that alcohol exposure is only partly responsible for the observed vitamin deficiency.
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PMID:Detection and incidence of B and C vitamin deficiency in alcohol-related illness. 3 28

One hundred and fifty four patients admitted to a general hospital psychiatric unit with a history of poor diet were examined. Serum pyruvate was estimated in all, red cell transketolase in 74 and red cell aspartate transaminase in 66. Significantly more of the 58 abnormally low thiamine patients than of the normal thiamine group showed clinical signs of malnutrition or were diagnosed as chronic alcoholics, drug addicts, schizophrenics or endogenous depressives. Significantly more endogenous depressives than other patients had a raised aspartate transaminase activity coefficient (pyridoxine lack.) While most low thiamine findings are probably manifestations of malnutrition pyridoxine lack may have some aetiological significance in endogenous depression.
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PMID:Thiamine and pyridoxine lack newly-admitted psychiatric patients. 48 51

1. Thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status of 'low-income-group' mothers and their newborn infants was assessed by analysing paired samples of maternal and umbilical cord blood for erythrocyte transketolase (EC 2.2.1.1) (ETK), erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) (EGR), and erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) (EAA) activities. 2. The vitamin status of the infants was better than that of the mothers. 3. Most of the mothers and some of the infants had biochemical evidence of thiamin and riboflavin deficiency. 4. The pregnant women had a higher EAA activity and also higher stimulation with pyridoxal-5-phosphate than the non-pregnant women of the same community. 5. There was a significant correlation between maternal and umbilical blood samples for ETK and EGR activities, but not for EAA activity or any of the coenzyme stimulation tests.
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PMID:Enzymic evaluation of thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine status of parturient women and their newborn infants. 125

We describe optimized, ultraviolet spectrophotometric procedures for determination of erythrocyte transketolase, glutathione reductase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity, and their activation by their respective coenzymes--thiamine pyrophosphate, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, and pyridoxal-5-phosphate--as tests for vitamin B1, B2, and B6 deficiency. With these procedures we have investigated healthy subjects on normal and vitamin-supplemented diets, and a series of (mainly) alcoholic hospital in-patients. The enzyme procedures described have good precision and can be readily carried out in the routine laboratory. Abnormal transketolase activation correlated well with clinical evidence of vitamin B1 deficiency.
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PMID:Evaluation of methods of coenzyme activation of erythrocyte enzymes for detection of deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, and B6. 125 8

The unexpected autopsy finding of Wernicke encephalopathy in three children who died after prolonged enteral feeding prompted us to examine the incidence of thiamine deficiency in three high-risk pediatric populations. We also measured riboflavin and pyridoxine activity in the same groups. We used activated enzyme assays (erythrocyte transketolase, glutathione reductase, aspartate aminotransferase) to assess tissue stores of the dependent vitamin cofactors (thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), and pyridoxine (vitamin B6), respectively). Using our own reference ranges based on data from 80 healthy adults and children, we prospectively investigated the B vitamin status of three groups of children: (1) 27 patients who were fed solely by nasogastric tube for more than 6 months, (2) 80 children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for more than 2 weeks, and (3) 6 children receiving intensive chemotherapy. The upper limits for stimulated enzyme activity in control subjects were unaffected by age or gender (16% for transketolase, 63% for glutathione reductase, 123% for aspartate aminotransferase). Using these limits, 10 (12.5%) of 80 patients receiving intensive care and 4 of 6 patients receiving chemotherapy were thiamine deficient. Elevated levels returned to normal after thiamine supplementation. No patients were pyridoxine deficient, but 3 (3.8%) of the 80 patients receiving intensive care and 1 of the 6 patients receiving chemotherapy were also riboflavin deficient. We conclude that unrecognized thiamine deficiency is common in our pediatric intensive care and oncology groups. This potentially fatal but treatable disease can occur in malnourished patients of any age and is probably underdiagnosed among chronically ill children. Our findings may be applicable to other high-risk pediatric groups.
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PMID:Thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine deficiencies in a population of critically ill children. 140 85

Thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, magnesium, iron and zinc status, assessed from blood samples, was studied during a 24-week fitness-type exercise program. Subjects in exercise (n = 21) and control (n = 18) groups were female university students, aged 18-33 years. Erythrocyte (E) transketolase and glutathione activation coefficient, serum magnesium, zinc and ferritin, blood hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume were similar in both groups throughout the entire study. E-aspartate aminotransferase activation coefficient (vitamin B6 status) increased (4%) in exercise and decreased (7%) in control groups (p = 0.04), respectively. E-magnesium was stable in exercise but decreased (4%) in control groups (p = 0.004%). E-zinc increased (9%) in exercise subjects but remained stable in controls (p < 0.0001). A marginally altered vitamin B6 status was the only negative change found in exercise subjects.
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PMID:Micronutrient status in females during a 24-week fitness-type exercise program. 147 58

Vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status were determined in 90 male heroin addicts admitted to Pramongkutklao Army Hospital. Their age (Mean +/- S.D.) was 25.5 +/- 7.8 years. Their activation coefficients of the enzyme transketolase, glutathione oxidoreductase and aspartate aminotransferase (ETK AC, EGR AC and EAST AC respectively) were significantly increased for addicts who were on drugs for a long time which indicated a biochemical deficiency. In addition, 26 follow-up cases treated with methadone for a period of one and two weeks were compared before and after treatment and it was found that ETK AC, EGR AC, and EAST AC were significantly decreased. This means that improvement in the vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status was obtained during admission.
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PMID:B vitamins status: effect of prolonged heroin addiction and methadone treatment. 186 Nov 28

We describe a fully automated method for the assessment of vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status using a centrifugal analyser. The activation of the red cell enzymes transketolase, glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase) by their respective coenzymes were measured in freshly prepared haemolysate. The enzyme catalytic activities in the sample were measured with (maximal activity) and without (basal activity) the coenzyme, and the percentage activation was calculated. The between run precision for red cell transketolase, glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase were 8.5%, 10.3% and 9.5% respectively. When whole blood was stored at room temperature for 6 hours, red cell aspartate aminotransferase activity significantly decreased (n = 10, p less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in the activities of the other two enzymes. For a group of 30 healthy young subjects, the mean (standard deviation) values for the percentage activation of transketolase, glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase were 11.9% (7.3), 35.1% (19.1) and 85.3% (18.0), respectively. The vitamin status of a group of 86 pregnant women was assessed by this method; 2.3%, 8.1% and 8.1%, respectively, of the pregnant women showed a higher percentage activation for transketolase, glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase than that found in the young subjects. Both groups correlated well with respect to the basal activity and the percentage activation of each enzyme. Basal activity was inversely proportional to the percentage activation. It is therefore suggested that the basal activity can be used as a second criterion in the assessment of vitamin status.
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PMID:Assessment of vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status by coenzyme activation of red cell enzymes using a centrifugal analyser. 340 87

This article describes the general and specific interpretations of common laboratory tests used to evaluate bovine neurologic disease. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is emphasized. Comments are made about general conclusions such as hemorrhage, inflammation, infection, and neoplasia as well as specific diseases like thromboembolic meningoencephalitis. Tests in commonly available serum chemistry profiles like total calcium concentration and aspartate aminotransferase activity are described in terms of their usefulness in diseases such as parturient paresis or hepatic encephalopathy. The indications for more specific tests like ionized calcium, blood ammonia concentration, or erythrocyte transketolase are included.
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PMID:Clinical pathology of bovine neurologic disease. 355 50

The status of thiamin, riboflavin and pyridoxine in 717 healthy children aged 1-60 months and 569 mothers aged 16-45 years attending a well-baby clinic in Bangkok were determined by using the erythrocyte enzymes, transketolase, glutathione oxidoreductase, aspartate aminotransferase and measuring the degree of stimulation with the coenzymes thiamin pyrophosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide and pyridoxal phosphate respectively. Cut-off points for the upper limit of the normal ranges for the respective activation coefficients were established from the data obtained.
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PMID:Measurements of B1, B2, B6 status in children and their mothers attending a well-baby clinic in Bangkok. 650 Aug 37


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