Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Changes in hepatic and renal glutathione (GSH) and plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) following single or daily oral doses of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1, 2 mg/kg BW) or corn oil vehicle (1 ml/kg BW) were determined in male chickens (14-21-day-old). 2. Plasma AST and hepatic GSH increased 2 and 8 hr, respectively, following a single AFB1 dose. 3. Hepatic GSH continued to increase through 5 daily doses of AFB1, but there were no differences in AST levels on days 1-5. Feeding a diet containing 150% of NRC requirement for methionine attenuated the AFB1-induced increase in hepatic GSH. Renal GSH was unaffected by AFB1 or dietary treatment.
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PMID:Aflatoxin and glutathione in domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)--I. Glutathione elevation and attenuation by high dietary methionine. 135 97

1. Aflatoxin B1 (1.5 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) was administered to rats, mice, quail and chickens to examine the comparative effect on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes, cytosolic glutathione S-transferase and serum enzymes. 2. Administration of aflatoxin B1 to rats resulted in a significant decrease in microsomal cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, cytosolic glutathione S-transferase and liver glutathione content. However, no significant changes in these parameters were seen in mice. 3. Quail showed a significant decrease in the content of cytochrome P-450 and the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase. A similar treatment did not affect these biotransformation enzymes in chickens. 4. The activities of serum enzymes, sorbitol dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased significantly in rats and quail. Mice exhibited a significant increase in the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase, while chickens showed a significant increase only in alanine aminotransferase.
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PMID:Comparative assessment of the effect of aflatoxin B1 on hepatic dysfunction in some mammalian and avian species. 135 19

The effects of crocetin pretreatment on both hepatic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA binding and AFB1 hepatotoxicity in rats has been examined. For these studies, male Wistar rats were treated with AFB1 (2 mg/kg) by i.p. administration, and the different degrees of hepatic damage were revealed by the elevations of levels of serum marker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. After pretreatment of the animals with crocetin (2 or 6 mg/kg) daily for three consecutive days, the enzyme elevations were significantly suppressed. This suggested that the crocetin possessed chemopreventive effects on the early acute hepatic damage induced by AFB1. Under these experimental conditions, consistent elevations of hepatic glutathiones (GSH) and activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were observed. Crocetin treatment also decreased AFB1-DNA adduct formation in AFB1-treated animals. From these results, we suggest that the protective effect of crocetin on AFB1 hepatotoxicity in rats might be due to the hepatic tissues' defense mechanisms that elevated the cytosol GSH and the activities of GST and GSH-Px.
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PMID:Effects of crocetin on the hepatotoxicity and hepatic DNA binding of aflatoxin B1 in rats. 167 27

The effects of geniposide pretreatment on both hepatic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA binding and AFB1 hepatotoxicity in rats has been examined. For these studies, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with AFB1 (2 mg/kg) by i.p. administration, and the different degrees of hepatic damage were revealed by the elevations of levels of serum marker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT). After pretreatment of animals with geniposide (10 mg/kg) daily for 3 consecutive days, the enzyme elevations were significantly suppressed. This suggested that the geniposide possessed chemopreventive effects on the early acute hepatic damage induced by AFB1. Under these experimental conditions, consistent elevation of the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase but not glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were observed. Treatment of rats with geniposide significantly lowered hepatic GSH and GSSG levels, but the ratio of GSH to GSSG was not changed. Geniposide treatment also decreased AFB1-DNA adduct formation in AFB1-treated animals. From these results, we suggest that the protective effect of geniposide on AFB1 hepatotoxicity in rats might be due to the hepatic tissues' defense mechanisms that involve the enhanced GST activity for AFB1 detoxication and induction gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase for GSH biosynthesis.
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PMID:Suppressive effect of geniposide on the hepatotoxicity and hepatic DNA binding of aflatoxin B1 in rats. 168 34

Wistar albino female rats were maintained for 10 d on diets containing various levels of the vegetable Solanum nigrum. Simultaneously, they received daily intraperitoneal injections of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg body-weight) diluted in propylene glycol. At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed and their serum and hepatic microsomes were prepared for assay of enzymes. Results showed that aminopyrine N-demethylase activity increased 2.5-fold with 200 (S200) and 600 (S600) g S. nigrum/kg diets. Activity of uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) (EC 2.4.1.17) also increased twofold. Similar results were obtained with glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) activity which increased by 60% with diet S600. After AFB1 treatment, a general increase in the activities of the above enzymes was found, except for UDPGT in the group fed on diet S600. When rats were fed on the diet without S. nigrum, AFB1 induced an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (EC 3.1.3.1), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (EC 2.6.1.1) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) (EC 2.3.2.2) levels in the serum. AFB1 also induced increases in serum ALP and gamma-GT levels when rats were fed on diet S600.
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PMID:Effect of the leafy vegetable Solanum nigrum on the activities of some liver drug-metabolizing enzymes after aflatoxin B1 treatment in female rats. 190 29

The suppressive effects of crocetin (a natural carotenoid) on the hepatotoxic lesions induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) were investigated in male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into five groups: groups I and II served as normal and solvent control respectively. Group III was given AFB1 (25 micrograms/day/rat) alone; group IV was given crocetin (0.1 mg/day/rat) alone; and group V received both AFB1 and crocetin. Rats received AFB1 and crocetin for 9 and 10 weeks respectively, and were maintained on basal diet for 35 weeks. At the end of the experiment (week 45), the incidence of liver lesions in rats of group V was significantly reduced by approximately 40% compared with group III. There were no liver lesions in rats of groups I, II and IV. A significant protective effect of crocetin on AFB1 hepatotoxicity was shown, as manifested by reduced effects on the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (P less than 0.01-0.001). From our previous results and present data, we suggest that the suppression of crocetin on AFB1 hepatotoxicity in the rats might be due to the defense mechanisms of hepatic tissues that elevated the GSH S-transferase activity and decreased the formation of hepatic AFB1-DNA adducts.
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PMID:Suppression of aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxic lesions by crocetin (a natural carotenoid). 193 61

The early effects (60 min) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on membrane permeability and carbohydrate metabolism of liver cells were studied in fresh suspensions of rat hepatocytes. Evaluation by trypan blue exclusion, enzyme leakage, glycogen synthesis or degradation, and glyconeogenesis were chosen as viability tests. The results obtained showed an increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) released into the medium and also an increase in the number of stained cells. These changes were significant at about 18 nmol/10(6) cells of AFB1, while a remarkable effect of the toxin on glyconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis or degradation was observed at 9 nmol/10(6) cells, doses commonly used for in vitro studies.
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PMID:Early influence of aflatoxin B1 on the functional state of isolated rat hepatocytes. 249 69

Effects of a single IM injection of selenium-vitamin E (Se-E; 5 mg of Se + 68 IU of alpha-tocopherol/60 kg of body weight) as a pretreatment 14 days before an oral dose of aflatoxin B1 (1.0 mg/kg) were studied in 24 dairy calves. Treatment groups were designated as follows: group 1 = no Se-E or aflatoxin B1 (control); group 2 = Se-E supplementation only; group 3 = aflatoxin B1 dose only; and group 4 = Se-E supplementation before aflatoxin B1 dose. Clinical signs of toxicosis in aflatoxin B1-treated calves included anorexia, ataxia, rough haircoats, increased respiration rates, dyspnea, dehydration, and nasal discharge. Packed-cell volume, RBC, WBC, and hemoglobin were increased in aflatoxin-treated calves. Significant increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (P less than 0.05) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (P less than 0.001) activities and prothrombin times (P less than 0.001) were observed in aflatoxin-treated calves, indicating that there was hepatic involvement. Although aflatoxin exposure caused a significant decrease in body weight (P less than 0.01) and feed intake (P less than 0.001) in treatment groups 3 and 4, Se was demonstrated to interact significantly (P less than 0.001) with aflatoxin B1 for feed intake, causing an improved feed intake in treatment group 4 calves.
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PMID:Aflatoxin B1 toxicosis in dairy calves pretreated with selenium-vitamin E. 308 Sep 29

The concentration of testosterone, 17-beta oestradiol and aflatoxin B1 were studied in the semen plasma of 21 boars of four breeds for the period of twelve months. The following spermiological parameters were investigated: semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage of abnormal spermatozoa, and survival of spermatozoa. The fertilizing capacity of ejaculates was evaluated according to the conception rate of sows and gilts after the first insemination, according to the average number of piglets per litter and average number of live-born piglets per litter. The highest aflatoxin B1 residues in sperm were recorded in March to May and were related with aflatoxin concentration in feed ration. The group of boars with fertility disorders had more aflatoxin in their sperm (up to 100 pmol . l-1), lower sperm concentration, lower survival of spermatozoa, and a larger proportion of abnormal spermatozoa. The year season had a significant influence on the concentration of the hormones. The highest average value of testosterone (10.2 +/- 1.28 nmol) was obtained in autumn and lower values were recorded in winter. The changes in 17-beta estradiol concentration were similar to the changes in testosterone content, with the maximum value in November (0.249 nmol X 1(-1]. The boars with reproduction disorders had a significantly lower concentration of 17-beta oestradiol. Significant correlations were found between the concentration of the hormones, semen volume, and sperm concentration. 17-beta oestradiol also had a significant positive correlation to abnormal spermatozoa and to the activity of aspartate aminotransferase.
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PMID:[Fluctuation in the concentration of sex steroids and aflatoxin B1 in the seminal plasma of boars and its relation to sperm production]. 308 6

Long Evans rats of both sexes were each administered a total of 250 micrograms aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin-A (OCH-A) or 500 micrograms AFB1 + OCH-A (1:1 ratio) in corn oil over 5 equal daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 50 micrograms/rat/day. Control rats were given a total of 1.25 ml corn oil over 5 equal daily IP injections of 0.25 ml/rat. All rats were observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity. Twenty-four hr following the last injection all rats were weighed, killed, examined for gross pathologic lesions and blood samples collected for routine hematologic and serum chemistry evaluation. All rats gained weight over the treatment period. Though not significantly different among the treatment groups, weight gain was significantly greater for males (54.0 g) than females (33.8 g). Routine hematology showed no difference among treatment groups. Serum enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST = SGOT) activities were indicative of hepatoxicity. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly increased in the AFB1 and AFB1 + OCH-A treatment groups, signifying a possible interaction between these 2 mycotoxins. LDH isoenzyme fractionation studies would be helpful in delineating the organ system(s) involved and the possible diagnostic value of this interaction.
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PMID:Preliminary study on serum enzyme changes in Long Evans rats given parenteral ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1 and their combination. 313 71


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