Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In adult ewes, the distribution of enzymes in the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, muscle, lung and myocardium was very similar to that in cows or sheep: aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were mainly in skeletal muscles and the myocardium, while gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatases (PAL) predominated in the kidneys. Age-related changes of tissue enzyme patterns were dominated by a dramatic decrease of liver ALAT in adults whereas this enzyme was liver-specific in one month old animals; a decrease of muscle LDH and CK, and an increase of kidney GGT and ALP were also observed in adults.
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PMID:[Distribution of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatases and creatine kinase in the main organs of adult goats and kids]. 289 21

SUMMARY We previously reported that cell wall protein fractions (CWPs) of the biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum have elicitor properties in sugar beet and wheat. Here we have examined the effect of treatment with the D-type of CWP, a fraction that contains two major forms (POD-1 and POD-2), on the induction of defence-related genes in sugar beet. Using PCR-based cDNA library subtraction, we identified five genes that were highly expressed in response to CWP treatment. The five genes are probably of oxalate oxidase-like germin (OxOLG), glutathione S-transferase (GST), 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). In addition, we purified and characterized POD-1 and POD-2 and found that POD-1 induced all five genes, whereas POD-2 induced three of the genes, but not OxOLG or GST. A sugar beet bioassay indicated that CWP, POD-1 and POD-2 are each sufficient to induce resistance to sugar beet seedling disease caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides. Although carbohydrate analyses indicated that POD proteins were glycoproteins with similar carbohydrate compositions, containing approximately 15.0% carbohydrate by weight, their peptide portions have elicitor activity. Furthermore, cDNAs of POD-1 and POD-2 proteins were cloned, and the deduced amino acid sequences were found to be 82.9% identical. Characterization of their molecular structures indicated that they have an elicitin domain followed by a C-terminal domain with a high frequency of Ser, Thr, Ala and Pro, which is structurally similar to class III elicitins. However, phylogenetic analysis with 22 representative elicitin and elicitin-like proteins showed that POD-1 and POD-2 are distinct from previously defined elicitin and elicitin-like proteins. Therefore, POD-1 and POD-2 are novel oomycete cell wall elicitin-like glycoproteins.
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PMID:Novel elicitin-like proteins isolated from the cell wall of the biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum induce defence-related genes in sugar beet. 2050 50