Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P17174 (aspartate aminotransferase)
 14,872 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We followed the changes in the activities of four enzymes (aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase) in plasma for four days after head injury. The progression of the changes differs significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors. Stepwise discriminant analysis, involving the four enzymes, allowed us to divide 81 to 92% of head-injured patients (n = 280 selected without conscious bias) correctly into the two groups as early as 72 h after trauma. Most of the patients who were misclassified according to our biochemical criteria had received phenobarbital for sedation. Valuable prognostic information in head injury evaluation may thus be obtained by daily determination of enzymatic activities of these four enzymes.
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PMID:Multivariate analysis of plasma enzyme profiles in severe head injury. 684 44

The sequence of inactivation of five bovine erythrocyte enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and aldolase) was compared during in vivo aging of the red blood cell and during treatment of the cells with heat, gamma-radiation and an enzymatic source of the superoxide radical anion. Amounts of oxygen free radicals comparable to those formed physiologically in the cells were able to induce considerable inactivation of some enzymes; in no case was the physiological sequence of inactivation reproduced. These results seem to argue for a multifactorial inactivation of red cell enzymes during intravascular aging of the erythrocyte.
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PMID:Aging of the erythrocyte. VII. On the possible causes of inactivation of red cell enzymes. 689 33

The activity of serum enzymes, such as, creatine kinase (CK), pyruvate kinase (PK), aldolase (ALD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SbDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glutamate-aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate-alanine aminotransferase (ALT), myokinase (MK), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), pseudocholinesterase (PsCHE) isocitrate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP), was determined in 256 patients with progressing myodystrophy (PMD) (Duchenne's form in 125, Becker's form in 14, pelvicohumeral form in 36, humeroscapulofacial form in 19, ocular form in 10, other rare forms in 34, and nonidentified forms in 13 patients). In the control group (64 men, 56 women and 50 children), the activity of the enzymes was found to depend on the patients' sex and age. With regard to both parameters, i. e. the degree of the enzyme activity rise and the frequency of the pathological values the most informative were CK, then PK and ALD, and then all the other enzymes. Of all the PMD forms the enzymatic activity appeared to be the highest in patients with the pseudohypertrophic malignant form. By determining the activity of five enzymes (CK, ALD, LDH, AST and ALT) and taking into consideration the patient's age, the onset and the duration of the disease one can distinguish between sick and healthy subjects, as well as between various forms of PMD.
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PMID:[Serum enzyme dynamics in progressive muscular dystrophies]. 703 17

Activities of 14 enzymes were determined in psoas muscle, smooth muscle, diaphragm, heart, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary glands, zygomatic gland, intestinal mucosa, subcellular fractions, and plasma of the dog. In pups, plasma activity of most enzymes was high, except iditol dehydrogenase (ID), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and D-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (ALS). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALS, cholinesterase (CHS), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD) decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) with increasing age, but in dogs greater than 7 months, all enzymes except CK, HBD, and ALT revealed reasonably constant plasma values. Enzymes ALT, GLD, CHS, and ID are specific for liver, CK and ALS for muscle, HBD to some degree for myocardium, and alpha-amylase for pancreas. The ALP and gamma-glutamyltransferase were located in microsomes, GLD in mitochondria, MD and AST in mitochondria and cytoplasm, and isocitric dehydrogenase, LD, and the other enzymes only in cytoplasm.
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PMID:Enzyme activities in the dog: tissue analyses, plasma values, and intracellular distribution. 703 2

The effect of 90% jejunoileal bypass procedure on liver enzymes was evaluated in 11 obese Zucker fat rats after a 50% weight loss. Control tissues were also collected from 11 unoperated obese rats. In the jejunoileal bypass group, there was a significant decrease in phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. Pyruvate carboxylase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were not altered. Fructose 1,6-biphosphatase, aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities were increased in the jejunoileal bypass group. These studies suggest that after jejunoileal bypass glycolysis is reduced and gluconeogenesis is increased. Amino acids may provide an essential energy source for hepatic function.
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PMID:Changes in hepatic carbohydrate metabolism after jejunoileal bypass. 707 18

Tolerance to a 4-h altitude exposure (6,096-8,230 m) was determined in immature, young, and old male rats. The critical survival thresholds were 8,230 m for immature rats and 7,620 m for young and old rats. Hypothermia in immature rats was directly related to hypoxic severity. Body weight loss, elevated plasma corticosterone concentration, and a mean body temperature of 32.5 degrees C were characteristics of immature rats that survived at the critical threshold. Body temperature, weight change, and plasma corticosterone concentration were similar at all altitudes in young adult and old rats. Plasma enzyme activities were relatively unchanged in immature rats, but aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) activities in old rats, in addition to fructose-diphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13) activity in young adults, were initially elevated (P less than 0.05) at the critical survival threshold (7,620 m). Body temperature and plasma corticosterone (but not plasma enzyme activities) are important criteria for determining altitude tolerance of immature rats. However, plasma asparatate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities are more suitable criteria for assessing tolerance in young adult and old rats.
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PMID:Age and altitude tolerance in rats: temperature, plasma enzymes, and corticosterone. 720 9

This study reports the relationship of the serum enzymes (creatinekinase 817 cases, lactic dehydrogenase 784 cases, aldolase 718 cases, aspartate aminotransferase 767 cases and alanine aminotransferase 760 cases) and electromyography (EMG) of 588 cases (20 normal, 299 with myopathic pattern, 209 with denervation and 69 with neuromyopathic pattern) in several neuromuscular disorders. The relationships were studied using descriptive statistic and chi-square tests. It was found a statistical significance with the increased serum enzyme level with the myopathic EMG pattern and an inverse relationship with the denervation EMG. This relation was more important with the creatinekinase, following aldolase and lactic dehydrogenase. The EMG denervation pattern did not have any relation with serum enzyme levels.
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PMID:[Serum enzymes and electromyography in neuromuscular diseases: comparative study of 817 cases]. 748 22

The concentration of carbonic anhydrase III isoenzyme (CA-III) in serum samples from 216 clinically normal Thoroughbreds was determined by use of an enzyme immunoassay. The concentration range of CA-III was from 16.0 to 254.5 ng/ml (mean, 56.5 +/- 11.9 ng/ml). Significant differences were not detected according to age or sex. To confirm whether serum CA-III concentration was high in horses with muscle disease, serum samples of 11 horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. Their serum CA-III concentration was about 56 times (3,136 +/- 2,610 ng/ml) that of healthy Thoroughbreds. Concentration of CA-III was higher in horses with rhabdomyolysis that had been transiently recumbent than in horses with mild disease that were reluctant to move. Blood samples obtained serially from 6 horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis were studied. Serum activities of aldolase, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase were high. Increases and decreases in concentration of CA-III were more rapid than that for aldolase, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities; thus, CA-III may be clinically applicable as a diagnostic marker for muscle disease in horses.
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PMID:Determination of carbonic anhydrase III isoenzyme concentration in sera of racehorses with exertional rhabdomyolysis. 771 78

Plasma CK concentrations have been widely used as the primary muscle enzyme marker for diagnosis and progression of myositis. Recently, total CK and CK-MB serum concentrations have been compared to, and used in conjunction with, serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase in diagnosis of myositis. The algorithmic use of CK, AST, and aldolase plasma concentrations to diagnose and categorize patients with myopathy may be a useful method of diagnosing specific muscle disease without invasive procedures. CAIII, as a specific marker for skeletal muscle damage, may replace CK as the enzyme of choice in diagnosis and progression of myositis and other muscle disease. Additional studies are required to determine the usefulness of carbonic anhydrase for the diagnosis and assessment of myositis.
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PMID:Evaluation of laboratory tests as a guide to diagnosis and therapy of myositis. 785 25

We examined the kinetics study of serum enzyme after the administration of beta-blocking agents or alpha-stimulator in the experimental rats. Following the administration of beta-blocking agents, propranolol and pindolol, the serum levels of adenylate kinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase as well as that of creatine kinase increased in rats. The same was observed following the administration of noradrenaline (an alpha-stimulator). Isoenzyme pattern indicated that most of these enzymes were considered to be released from muscular tissues. There were also changes in serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and magnesium, concurrently with the release of the enzymes into the serum.
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PMID:Effects of beta-blocking agents on the release of various enzymes in muscular tissues. 796 81


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